GUCY2C | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Aliases | GUCY2C , DIAR6, GUC2C, MECIL, MUCIL, STAR, guanylate cyclase 2C, GC-C | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
External IDs | OMIM: 601330; MGI: 106903; HomoloGene: 3641; GeneCards: GUCY2C; OMA:GUCY2C - orthologs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Wikidata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Guanylate cyclase 2C, also known as guanylyl cyclase C (GC-C), intestinal guanylate cyclase, guanylate cyclase-C receptor, or the heat-stable enterotoxin receptor (hSTAR) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GUCY2C gene. [5] [6]
Guanylyl cyclase is an enzyme found in the luminal aspect of intestinal epithelium and dopamine neurons in the brain. [7] The receptor has an extracellular ligand-binding domain, a single transmembrane region, a region with sequence similar to that of protein kinases, and a C-terminal guanylate cyclase domain. Tyrosine kinase activity mediates the GC-C signaling pathway within the cell.
GC-C is a key receptor for heat-stable enterotoxins that are responsible for acute secretory diarrhea. [8] Heat-stable enterotoxins are produced by pathogens such as Escherichia coli . Knockout mice deficient in the GC-C gene do not show secretory diarrhea on infection with E. coli, though they do with cholera toxin. This demonstrates the specificity of the GC-C receptor.
Guanylate cyclase 2C is the target of linaclotide and plecanatide, oligopeptide agonists used for the treatment of chronic constipation.