Discoidin domain-containing receptor 2, also known as CD167b (cluster of differentiation 167b), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DDR2 gene. [5] Discoidin domain-containing receptor 2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK).
Discoidin domain-containing receptor 2, also known as CD167b (cluster of differentiation 167b), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DDR2 gene. [5] Discoidin domain-containing receptor 2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK).
RTKs play a key role in the communication of cells with their microenvironment. These molecules are involved in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and metabolism. In several cases the biochemical mechanism by which RTKs transduce signals across the membrane has been shown to be ligand induced receptor oligomerization and subsequent intracellular phosphorylation. In the case of DDR2, the ligand is collagen which binds to its extracellular discoidin domain. [6] This autophosphorylation leads to phosphorylation of cytosolic targets as well as association with other molecules, which are involved in pleiotropic effects of signal transduction. DDR2 has been associated with a number of diseases including fibrosis and cancer. [7]
RTKs have a tripartite structure with extracellular, transmembrane, and cytoplasmic regions. This gene encodes a member of a novel subclass of RTKs and contains a distinct extracellular region encompassing a factor VIII-like domain. [5]
Alternative splicing in the 5' UTR of the DDR2 gene results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein. [5]
DDR2 (gene) has been shown to interact with SHC1 [8] and phosphorylate Shp2. [9] DDR2 also interacts with Integrin α1β1 and α2β1 by promoting their adhesion to collagen. [10]
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are the high-affinity cell surface receptors for many polypeptide growth factors, cytokines, and hormones. Of the 90 unique tyrosine kinase genes identified in the human genome, 58 encode receptor tyrosine kinase proteins. Receptor tyrosine kinases have been shown not only to be key regulators of normal cellular processes but also to have a critical role in the development and progression of many types of cancer. Mutations in receptor tyrosine kinases lead to activation of a series of signalling cascades which have numerous effects on protein expression. Receptor tyrosine kinases are part of the larger family of protein tyrosine kinases, encompassing the receptor tyrosine kinase proteins which contain a transmembrane domain, as well as the non-receptor tyrosine kinases which do not possess transmembrane domains.
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11 (PTPN11) also known as protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1D (PTP-1D), Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-2 (SHP-2), or protein-tyrosine phosphatase 2C (PTP-2C) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTPN11 gene. PTPN11 is a protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) Shp2.
Glycoprotein 130 is a transmembrane protein which is the founding member of the class of all cytokine receptors. It forms one subunit of the type I cytokine receptor within the IL-6 receptor family. It is often referred to as the common gp130 subunit, and is important for signal transduction following cytokine engagement. As with other type I cytokine receptors, gp130 possesses a WSXWS amino acid motif that ensures correct protein folding and ligand binding. It interacts with Janus kinases to elicit an intracellular signal following receptor interaction with its ligand. Structurally, gp130 is composed of five fibronectin type-III domains and one immunoglobulin-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain in its extracellular portion.
Son of sevenless homolog 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SOS1 gene.
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6, also known as Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTPN6 gene.
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGFR4 gene. FGFR4 has also been designated as CD334.
Docking protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DOK1 gene.
Fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FRS2 gene.
SH2-domain containing Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the INPPL1 gene.
EPH receptor A2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EPHA2 gene.
1-Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLCG2 gene.
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 12 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTPN12 gene.
Discoidin domain receptor family, member 1, also known as DDR1 or CD167a, is a human gene.
Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL2 also known as Abelson-related gene (Arg) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ABL2 gene.
Ephrin type-B receptor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EPHB1 gene.
Megakaryocyte-associated tyrosine-protein kinase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MATK gene.
SH2B adapter protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SH2B2 gene.
Leukocyte receptor tyrosine kinase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the LTK gene.
A non-receptor tyrosine kinase (nRTK) is a cytosolic enzyme that is responsible for catalysing the transfer of a phosphate group from a nucleoside triphosphate donor, such as ATP, to tyrosine residues in proteins. Non-receptor tyrosine kinases are a subgroup of protein family tyrosine kinases, enzymes that can transfer the phosphate group from ATP to a tyrosine residue of a protein (phosphorylation). These enzymes regulate many cellular functions by switching on or switching off other enzymes in a cell.
Collagen receptors are membrane proteins that bind the extracellular matrix protein collagen, the most abundant protein in mammals. They control mainly cell proliferation, migration and adhesion, coagulation cascade activation and they affect ECM structure by regulation of MMP.
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.
