ALCAM

Last updated
ALCAM
Available structures
PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
Aliases ALCAM , CD166, MEMD, activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule
External IDs OMIM: 601662; MGI: 1313266; HomoloGene: 1229; GeneCards: ALCAM; OMA:ALCAM - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001627
NM_001243280
NM_001243281
NM_001243283

NM_009655
NM_001331110

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001230209
NP_001230210
NP_001230212
NP_001618

NP_001318039
NP_033785

Location (UCSC) Chr 3: 105.37 – 105.58 Mb Chr 16: 52.07 – 52.27 Mb
PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

CD166 antigen is a 100-105 kD typeI transmembrane glycoprotein that is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of proteins. In humans it is encoded by the ALCAM gene. [5] [6] It is also called CD166 (cluster of differentiation 166), MEMD, [7] SC-1/DM-GRASP/BEN in the chicken, and KG-CAM in the rat.

Contents

Some literature sources have also cited it as the CD6 ligand (CD6L). It is expressed on activated T cells, activated monocytes, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, neurons, melanoma cells, and also in sweat and sebaceous glands.[ citation needed ] CD166 protein expression is reported to be upregulated in a cell line deriving from a metastasizing melanom--a. [7] CD166 plays an important role in mediating adhesion interactions between thymic epithelial cells and CD6+ cells during intrathymic T cell development.[ citation needed ]

Recently, CD166 has also been used as a potential cancer stem cell marker.[ citation needed ]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CD31</span> Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1) also known as cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PECAM1 gene found on chromosome17q23.3. PECAM-1 plays a key role in removing aged neutrophils from the body.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ICAM-1</span> Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

ICAM-1 also known as CD54 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ICAM1 gene. This gene encodes a cell surface glycoprotein which is typically expressed on endothelial cells and cells of the immune system. It binds to integrins of type CD11a / CD18, or CD11b / CD18 and is also exploited by rhinovirus as a receptor for entry into respiratory epithelium.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">L-selectin</span> Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

L-selectin, also known as CD62L, is a cell adhesion molecule found on the cell surface of leukocytes, and the blastocyst. It is coded for in the human by the SELL gene. L-selectin belongs to the selectin family of proteins, which recognize sialylated carbohydrate groups containing a Sialyl LewisX (sLeX) determinant. L-selectin plays an important role in both the innate and adaptive immune responses by facilitating leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion events. These tethering interactions are essential for the trafficking of monocytes and neutrophils into inflamed tissue as well as the homing of lymphocytes to secondary lymphoid organs. L-selectin is also expressed by lymphoid primed hematopoietic stem cells and may participate in the migration of these stem cells to the primary lymphoid organs. In addition to its function in the immune response, L-selectin is expressed on embryonic cells and facilitates the attachment of the blastocyst to the endometrial endothelium during human embryo implantation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">E-selectin</span> Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

E-selectin, also known as CD62 antigen-like family member E (CD62E), endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (ELAM-1), or leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion molecule 2 (LECAM2), is a selectin cell adhesion molecule expressed only on endothelial cells activated by cytokines. Like other selectins, it plays an important part in inflammation. In humans, E-selectin is encoded by the SELE gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">VCAM-1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Vascular cell adhesion protein 1 also known as vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) or cluster of differentiation 106 (CD106) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VCAM1 gene. VCAM-1 functions as a cell adhesion molecule.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Integrin alpha X</span> Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

CD11c, also known as Integrin, alpha X (ITGAX), is a gene that encodes for CD11c.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Integrin alpha L</span> Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

Integrin, alpha L , also known as ITGAL, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGAL gene. CD11a functions in the immune system. It is involved in cellular adhesion and costimulatory signaling. It is the target of the drug efalizumab.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Integrin alpha M</span> Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

Integrin alpha M (ITGAM) is one protein subunit that forms heterodimeric integrin alpha-M beta-2 (αMβ2) molecule, also known as macrophage-1 antigen (Mac-1) or complement receptor 3 (CR3). ITGAM is also known as CR3A, and cluster of differentiation molecule 11B (CD11B). The second chain of αMβ2 is the common integrin β2 subunit known as CD18, and integrin αMβ2 thus belongs to the β2 subfamily integrins.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CD146</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

CD146 also known as the melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM) or cell surface glycoprotein MUC18, is a 113kDa cell adhesion molecule currently used as a marker for endothelial cell lineage. In humans, the CD146 protein is encoded by the MCAM gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Integrin beta 2</span> Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

In molecular biology, CD18 is an integrin beta chain protein that is encoded by the ITGB2 gene in humans. Upon binding with one of a number of alpha chains, CD18 is capable of forming multiple heterodimers, which play significant roles in cellular adhesion and cell surface signaling, as well as important roles in immune responses. CD18 also exists in soluble, ligand binding forms. Deficiencies in CD18 expression can lead to adhesion defects in circulating white blood cells in humans, reducing the immune system's ability to fight off foreign invaders.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ICAM3</span> Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

Intercellular adhesion molecule 3 (ICAM3) also known as CD50, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ICAM3 gene. The protein is constitutively expressed on the surface of leukocytes, which are also called white blood cells and are part of the immune system. ICAM3 mediates adhesion between cells by binding to specific integrin receptors. It plays an important role in the immune cell response through its facilitation of interactions between T cells and dendritic cells, which allows for T cell activation. ICAM3 also mediates the clearance of cells undergoing apoptosis by attracting and binding macrophages, a type of cell that breaks down infected or dying cells through a process known as phagocytosis, to apoptotic cells.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">F11 receptor</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Junctional adhesion molecule A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the F11R gene. It has also been designated as CD321.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">JAM3</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Junctional adhesion molecule C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the JAM3 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NRCAM</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Neuronal cell adhesion molecule is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NRCAM gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">JAM2</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Junctional adhesion molecule B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the JAM2 gene. JAM2 has also been designated as CD322.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CD226</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

CD226, PTA1 or DNAM-1 is a ~65 kDa immunoglobulin-like transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on the surface of natural killer cells, NK T cell, B cells, dendritic cells, hematopoietic precursor cells, platelets, monocytes and T cells.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CD6</span> Human protein

CD6 is a human protein encoded by the CD6 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LILRA2</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily A member 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LILRA2 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CD96</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

CD96 or Tactile is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD96 gene. CD96 is a receptor protein which is expressed on T cells and NK cells and shares sequence similarity with CD226. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. It is a type I membrane protein. The protein may play a role in the adhesion of activated T and NK cells to their target cells during the late phase of the immune response. It may also function in antigen presentation. Alternative splicing occurs at this locus and two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified. CD96 is a transmembrane glycoprotein that has three extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains and is expressed by all resting human and mouse NK cells. CD96 main ligand is CD155. CD 96 has approximately 20% homology with CD226 and competed for binding to CD155 with CD226.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL3</span>

KIR2DL3, Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL3 is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed by the natural killer cells and the subsets of the T cells. The KIR genes are polymorphic, which means that they have many different alleles. The KIR genes are also extremely homologous, which means that they are similar in position, structure and evolutionary origin, but not necessarily in function.

References

  1. 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000170017 Ensembl, May 2017
  2. 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000022636 Ensembl, May 2017
  3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. Bowen MA, Patel DD, Li X, Modrell B, Malacko AR, Wang WC, Marquardt H, Neubauer M, Pesando JM, Francke U, et al. (Jun 1995). "Cloning, mapping, and characterization of activated leukocyte-cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), a CD6 ligand". J Exp Med. 181 (6): 2213–20. doi:10.1084/jem.181.6.2213. PMC   2192054 . PMID   7760007.
  6. "Entrez Gene: ALCAM activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule".
  7. 1 2 Degen WG, van Kempen LC, Gijzen EG, et al. (1998). "MEMD, a new cell adhesion molecule in metastasizing human melanoma cell lines, is identical to ALCAM (activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule)". Am. J. Pathol. 152 (3): 805–13. PMC   1858405 . PMID   9502422.

Further reading