KIR2DS4

Last updated

KIR2DS4
Protein KIR2DS4 PDB 1b6u.png
Available structures
PDB Human UniProt search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
Aliases KIR2DS4 , CD158I, KIR1D, KIR2DS1, KIR412, KKA3, NKAT-8, NKAT8, KIR-2DS4, killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor, two Ig domains and short cytoplasmic tail 4
External IDs OMIM: 604955; GeneCards: KIR2DS4; OMA:KIR2DS4 - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

3809

n/a

Ensembl

n/a

UniProt

P43632
Q8NHJ0

n/a

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_012314
NM_001281971
NM_001281972

n/a

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001268900
NP_001268901
NP_036446
NP_001268900.1

n/a

Location (UCSC) Chr 19: 54.83 – 54.85 Mb n/a
PubMed search [2] n/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DS4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIR2DS4 gene. [3] [4] [5]

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are transmembrane glycoproteins expressed by natural killer cells and subsets of T cells. The KIR genes are polymorphic and highly homologous and they are found in a cluster on chromosome 19q13.4 within the 1 Mb leukocyte receptor complex (LRC). The gene content of the KIR gene cluster varies among haplotypes, although several "framework" genes are found in all haplotypes (KIR3DL3, KIR3DP1, KIR3DL4, KIR3DL2). The KIR proteins are classified by the number of extracellular immunoglobulin domains (2D or 3D) and by whether they have a long (L) or short (S) cytoplasmic domain. KIR proteins with the long cytoplasmic domain transduce inhibitory signals upon ligand binding via an immune tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), while KIR proteins with the short cytoplasmic domain lack the ITIM motif and instead associate with the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase (DAP12) binding protein to transduce activating signals. The ligands for several KIR proteins are subsets of HLA class I molecules; thus, KIR proteins are thought to play an important role in regulation of the immune response. [5]

KIR2DS4 is a product of a gene conversion with KIR3DL2. [6] KIR2DS4 has unusual HLA-I specificity binding some HLA-C allotypes and HLA-A*11. [6] A common allele of KIR2DS4 encodes a truncated version (KIR-1D) that has no HLA-I binding ability. [6] [7] Recent evidence suggests KIR2DS4 detects HLA-C presented peptides in a peptide-specific manner, detecting peptides conserved in bacteria. [8] [9] [10]

See also

Related Research Articles

Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs), are a family of type I transmembrane glycoproteins expressed on the plasma membrane of natural killer (NK) cells and a minority of T cells. In humans, they are encoded in the leukocyte receptor complex (LRC) on chromosome 19q13.4; the KIR region is approximately 150 kilobases and contains 14 loci, including 7 protein-coding genes and 2 pseudogenes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KLRD1</span> Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

CD94, also known as killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily D, member 1 (KLRD1) is a human gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LILRB1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LILRB1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">TYROBP</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

TYRO protein tyrosine kinase-binding protein is an adapter protein that in humans is encoded by the TYROBP gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KIR3DL1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 3DL1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIR3DL1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KIR2DL1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIR2DL1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KIR2DL4</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIR2DL4 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LAIR1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LAIR1 gene. LAIR1 has also been designated as CD305.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LILRB4</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LILRB4 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NCR1</span> Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

Natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NCR1 gene. NCR1 has also been designated as CD335 (cluster of differentiation, NKP46, NKp46, NK-p46, and LY94.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KIR3DL2</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 3DL2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIR3DL2 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KLRB1</span> Protein-coding gene in humans

Killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily B, member 1, also known as KLRB1, NKR-P1A or CD161, is a human gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SLAMF6</span> Protein-coding gene in humans

SLAM family member 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLAMF6 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NCR2</span>

Natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NCR2 gene. NCR2 has also been designated as CD336, NKp44, NKP44; NK-p44, LY95, and dJ149M18.1.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LILRA2</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily A member 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LILRA2 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KIR3DL3</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 3DL3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIR3DL3 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Killer activation receptor</span> Class of protein

Killer Activation Receptors (KARs) are receptors expressed on the plasma membrane of Natural Killer cells. KARs work together with Killer Inhibitory Receptors, which inactivate KARs in order to regulate the NK cells functions on hosted or transformed cells.These receptors have a broad binding specificity and are able to broadcast opposite signals. It is the balance between these competing signals that determines if the cytotoxic activity of the NK cell and apoptosis of distressed cell occurs.

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, two domains, short cytoplasmic tail, 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIR2DS1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL3</span>

KIR2DL3, Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL3 is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed by the natural killer cells and the subsets of the T cells. The KIR genes are polymorphic, which means that they have many different alleles. The KIR genes are also extremely homologous, which means that they are similar in position, structure and evolutionary origin, but not necessarily in function.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paired receptors</span> Clusters of receptor proteins

Paired receptors are pairs or clusters of receptor proteins that bind to extracellular ligands but have opposing activating and inhibitory signaling effects. Traditionally, paired receptors are defined as homologous pairs with similar extracellular domains and different cytoplasmic regions, whose genes are located together in the genome as part of the same gene cluster and which evolved through gene duplication. Homologous paired receptors often, but not always, have a shared ligand in common. More broadly, pairs of receptors have been identified that exhibit paired functional behavior - responding to a shared ligand with opposing intracellular signals - but are not closely homologous or co-located in the genome. Paired receptors are highly expressed in the cells of the immune system, especially natural killer (NK) and myeloid cells, and are involved in immune regulation.

References

  1. 1 2 3 ENSG00000274406, ENSG00000277078, ENSG00000274807, ENSG00000275353, ENSG00000275731, ENSG00000273526, ENSG00000275351, ENSG00000274921, ENSG00000277345, ENSG00000276885, ENSG00000284408, ENSG00000274957, ENSG00000276154, ENSG00000284307, ENSG00000283779, ENSG00000274324, ENSG00000221957, ENSG00000274714, ENSG00000274533, ENSG00000276209, ENSG00000276634, ENSG00000276465, ENSG00000274947, ENSG00000283727, ENSG00000283846, ENSG00000276395, ENSG00000275938, ENSG00000284244, ENSG00000284264, ENSG00000283870, ENSG00000283882, ENSG00000276254 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000273931, ENSG00000274406, ENSG00000277078, ENSG00000274807, ENSG00000275353, ENSG00000275731, ENSG00000273526, ENSG00000275351, ENSG00000274921, ENSG00000277345, ENSG00000276885, ENSG00000284408, ENSG00000274957, ENSG00000276154, ENSG00000284307, ENSG00000283779, ENSG00000274324, ENSG00000221957, ENSG00000274714, ENSG00000274533, ENSG00000276209, ENSG00000276634, ENSG00000276465, ENSG00000274947, ENSG00000283727, ENSG00000283846, ENSG00000276395, ENSG00000275938, ENSG00000284244, ENSG00000284264, ENSG00000283870, ENSG00000283882, ENSG00000276254 – Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  3. ↑ Bottino C, Sivori S, Vitale M, Cantoni C, Falco M, Pende D, Morelli L, Augugliaro R, Semenzato G, Biassoni R, Moretta L, Moretta A (Oct 1996). "A novel surface molecule homologous to the p58/p50 family of receptors is selectively expressed on a subset of human natural killer cells and induces both triggering of cell functions and proliferation". Eur J Immunol. 26 (8): 1816–24. doi:10.1002/eji.1830260823. PMID   8765026. S2CID   23526107.
  4. ↑ Wagtmann N, Biassoni R, Cantoni C, Verdiani S, Malnati MS, Vitale M, Bottino C, Moretta L, Moretta A, Long EO (Jun 1995). "Molecular clones of the p58 NK cell receptor reveal immunoglobulin-related molecules with diversity in both the extra- and intracellular domains". Immunity. 2 (5): 439–49. doi: 10.1016/1074-7613(95)90025-X . PMID   7749980.
  5. 1 2 "Entrez Gene: KIR2DS4 killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, two domains, short cytoplasmic tail, 4".
  6. 1 2 3 Graef T, Moesta AK, Norman PJ, Abi-Rached L, Vago L, Older Aguilar AM, Gleimer M, Hammond JA, Guethlein LA, Bushnell DA, Robinson PJ, Parham P (2009-10-26). "KIR2DS4 is a product of gene conversion with KIR3DL2 that introduced specificity for HLA-A*11 while diminishing avidity for HLA-C". Journal of Experimental Medicine. 206 (11): 2557–2572. doi:10.1084/jem.20091010. ISSN   1540-9538. PMC   2768862 . PMID   19858347.
  7. ↑ Middleton D, Gonzalez A, Gilmore PM (February 2007). "Studies on the Expression of the Deleted KIR2DS4*003 Gene Product and Distribution of KIR2DS4 Deleted and Nondeleted Versions in Different Populations". Human Immunology. 68 (2): 128–134. doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2006.12.007. PMID   17321903.
  8. ↑ Sim MJ, Rajagopalan S, Altmann DM, Boyton RJ, Sun PD, Long EO (2019-06-25). "Human NK cell receptor KIR2DS4 detects a conserved bacterial epitope presented by HLA-C". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (26): 12964–12973. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1903781116 . ISSN   0027-8424. PMC   6601252 . PMID   31138701.
  9. ↑ Parham P (2019-06-25). "A natural killer cell receptor takes sharp aim at the world of bacteria". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (26): 12601–12603. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1907937116 . ISSN   0027-8424. PMC   6601266 . PMID   31175150.
  10. ↑ Sim MJ, Brennan P, Wahl KL, Lu J, Rajagopalan S, Sun PD, Long EO (2023-09-29). "Innate receptors with high specificity for HLA class I–peptide complexes". Science Immunology. 8 (87): eadh1781. doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.adh1781. ISSN   2470-9468. PMID   37683038.

Further reading

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.


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