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A dendritic cell (DC) is an antigen-presenting cell of the mammalian immune system. A DC's main function is to process antigen material and present it on the cell surface to the T cells of the immune system. They act as messengers between the innate and adaptive immune systems.
DC-SIGN also known as CD209 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CD209 gene.
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a rare type of immune cell that are known to secrete large quantities of type 1 interferon (IFNs) in response to a viral infection. They circulate in the blood and are found in peripheral lymphoid organs. They develop from bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells and constitute < 0.4% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Other than conducting antiviral mechanisms, pDCs are considered to be key in linking the innate and adaptive immune systems. However, pDCs are also responsible for participating in and exacerbating certain autoimmune diseases like lupus. pDCs that undergo malignant transformation cause a rare hematologic disorder, blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm.
C-type lectin domain family 4 member M is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLEC4M gene. CLEC4M has also been designated as CD299.
C-type lectin domain family 7 member A or Dectin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLEC7A gene. CLEC7A is a member of the C-type lectin/C-type lectin-like domain (CTL/CTLD) superfamily. The encoded glycoprotein is a small type II membrane receptor with an extracellular C-type lectin-like domain fold and a cytoplasmic domain with a partial immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif. It functions as a pattern-recognition receptor for a variety of β-1,3-linked and β-1,6-linked glucans from fungi and plants, and in this way plays a role in innate immune response. Expression is found on myeloid dendritic cells, monocytes, macrophages and B cells. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. This gene is closely linked to other CTL/CTLD superfamily members on chromosome 12p13 in the natural killer gene complex region.
Transcription factor Spi-B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SPIB gene.
C-type lectin domain family 1 member B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLEC1B gene.
C-type lectin domain family 2 member D is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLEC2D gene.
C-type lectin domain family 1 member A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLEC1A gene.
C-type lectin domain family 12 member A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLEC12A gene.
Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily A member 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LILRA4 gene.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to immunology:
Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare hematologic malignancy. It was initially regarded as a form of lymphocyte-derived cutaneous lymphoma and alternatively named CD4+CD56+ hematodermic tumor, blastic NK cell lymphoma, and agranular CD4+ NK cell leukemia. Later, however, the disease was determined to be a malignancy of plasmacytoid dendritic cells rather than lymphocytes and therefore termed blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm. In 2016, the World Health Organization designated BPDCN to be in its own separate category within the myeloid class of neoplasms. It is estimated that BPDCN constitutes 0.44% of all hematological malignancies.
A C-type lectin (CLEC) is a type of carbohydrate-binding protein known as a lectin. The C-type designation is from their requirement for calcium for binding. Proteins that contain C-type lectin domains have a diverse range of functions including cell-cell adhesion, immune response to pathogens and apoptosis.
C-type lectin domain family 10 member A (CLEC10A) also designated as CD301 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLEC10A gene. CLEC10A is part of the C-type lectin superfamily and binds to N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc). It is mainly expressed on myeloid cells and also on oocytes and very early stages of embryogenesis. CLEC10A is used as a marker of the CD1c+ dendritic cell subgroup, also called cDC2. The actions of CLEC10A are diverse, depending on the ligand and environment.
Interferon alpha-16, also known as IFN-alpha-16, is a protein that in humans is encoded by theIFNA16 gene.
C-type lectin domain family 9 member A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLEC9A gene.
The dendritic cell-based cancer vaccine is an innovation in therapeutic strategy for cancer patients.
Dipyaman Ganguly is an Indian physician-scientist immunologist and cell biologist, currently a Principal Scientist and Swarnajayanthi Fellow at the CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (IICB). He heads the Dendritic Cell Laboratory of IICB, popularly known as Ganguly Lab, where he hosts several researchers involved in research on regulation of innate Immunity and pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders.
Tagraxofusp, sold under the brand name Elzonris, is an anti-cancer medication for the treatment of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN).
References
- ↑ Dzionek A, Sohma Y, Nagafune J, et al. (December 2001). "BDCA-2, a novel plasmacytoid dendritic cell-specific type II C-type lectin, mediates antigen capture and is a potent inhibitor of interferon alpha/beta induction". J. Exp. Med. 194 (12): 1823–34. doi:10.1084/jem.194.12.1823. PMC 2193584 . PMID 11748283.
