CD24

Last updated
CD24
Identifiers
Aliases CD24 , CD24A, CD24 molecule
External IDs OMIM: 600074; MGI: 88323; GeneCards: CD24; OMA:CD24 - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001291737
NM_001291738
NM_001291739
NM_013230
NM_001359084

Contents

NM_009846

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001278666
NP_001278667
NP_001278668
NP_037362
NP_001346013

NP_033976

Location (UCSC) Chr 6: 106.97 – 106.98 Mb Chr 10: 43.45 – 43.46 Mb
PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Signal transducer CD24 also known as cluster of differentiation 24 or heat stable antigen CD24 (HSA) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD24 gene. [5] CD24 is a cell adhesion molecule.

Function

CD24 is a sialoglycoprotein expressed at the surface of most B lymphocytes and differentiating neuroblasts. It is also expressed on neutrophils [6] and neutrophil precursors from the myelocyte stage onwards. The encoded protein is anchored via a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI) link to the cell surface. The protein also contributes to a wide range of downstream signaling networks and is crucial for neural development. [7] Cross-linking of CD24 on the surface of neutrophils induces apoptosis, [8] and this appears to be defective in sepsis. [8] CD24 gene is found on chromosome 6 (6q21) An alignment of this gene's sequence finds genomic locations with similarity on chromosomes 1p36, 3p26, 15q21.3, 20q11.2 and Yq11.222. Whether transcription, and corresponding translation, occurs at each of these other genomic locations needs to be experimentally determined.[ citation needed ]

Researchers have identified CD24 as a novel cell surface marker that flags anastasis in melanoma cells, a process where cells that have initiated apoptosis can recover and survive1 [9] . This discovery highlights CD24’s role in marking apoptotic subpopulations that exhibit metabolic activity and proliferative capacities, contributing to melanoma’s resilience and potential metastasis.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CXCR4</span> Protein

C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR-4) also known as fusin or CD184 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CXCR4 gene. The protein is a CXC chemokine receptor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cancer stem cell</span> Cancer cells with features of normal cells

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are cancer cells that possess characteristics associated with normal stem cells, specifically the ability to give rise to all cell types found in a particular cancer sample. CSCs are therefore tumorigenic (tumor-forming), perhaps in contrast to other non-tumorigenic cancer cells. CSCs may generate tumors through the stem cell processes of self-renewal and differentiation into multiple cell types. Such cells are hypothesized to persist in tumors as a distinct population and cause relapse and metastasis by giving rise to new tumors. Therefore, development of specific therapies targeted at CSCs holds hope for improvement of survival and quality of life of cancer patients, especially for patients with metastatic disease.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CD44</span> Cell-surface glycoprotein

The CD44 antigen is a cell-surface glycoprotein involved in cell–cell interactions, cell adhesion and migration. In humans, the CD44 antigen is encoded by the CD44 gene on chromosome 11. CD44 has been referred to as HCAM, Pgp-1, Hermes antigen, lymphocyte homing receptor, ECM-III, and HUTCH-1.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CD133</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

CD133 antigen, also known as prominin-1, is a glycoprotein that in humans is encoded by the PROM1 gene. It is a member of pentaspan transmembrane glycoproteins, which specifically localize to cellular protrusions. When embedded in the cell membrane, the membrane topology of prominin-1 is such that the N-terminus extends into the extracellular space and the C-terminus resides in the intracellular compartment. The protein consists of five transmembrane segments, with the first and second segments and the third and fourth segments connected by intracellular loops while the second and third as well as fourth and fifth transmembrane segments are connected by extracellular loops. While the precise function of CD133 remains unknown, it has been proposed that it acts as an organizer of cell membrane topology.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CD146</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

CD146 also known as the melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM) or cell surface glycoprotein MUC18, is a 113kDa cell adhesion molecule currently used as a marker for endothelial cell lineage. In humans, the CD146 protein is encoded by the MCAM gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cancer immunology</span> Study of the role of the immune system in cancer

Cancer immunology (immuno-oncology) is an interdisciplinary branch of biology and a sub-discipline of immunology that is concerned with understanding the role of the immune system in the progression and development of cancer; the most well known application is cancer immunotherapy, which utilises the immune system as a treatment for cancer. Cancer immunosurveillance and immunoediting are based on protection against development of tumors in animal systems and (ii) identification of targets for immune recognition of human cancer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mucin short variant S1</span> Human protein

Mucin short variant S1, also called polymorphic epithelial mucin (PEM) or epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), is a mucin encoded by the MUC1 gene in humans. Mucin short variant S1 is a glycoprotein with extensive O-linked glycosylation of its extracellular domain. Mucins line the apical surface of epithelial cells in the lungs, stomach, intestines, eyes and several other organs. Mucins protect the body from infection by pathogen binding to oligosaccharides in the extracellular domain, preventing the pathogen from reaching the cell surface. Overexpression of MUC1 is often associated with colon, breast, ovarian, lung and pancreatic cancers. Joyce Taylor-Papadimitriou identified and characterised the antigen during her work with breast and ovarian tumors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">EBAG9</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Receptor-binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSo cells is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EBAG9 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KLF4</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Krüppel-like factor 4 is a member of the KLF family of zinc finger transcription factors, which belongs to the relatively large family of SP1-like transcription factors. KLF4 is involved in the regulation of proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and somatic cell reprogramming. Evidence also suggests that KLF4 is a tumor suppressor in certain cancers, including colorectal cancer. It has three C2H2-zinc fingers at its carboxyl terminus that are closely related to another KLF, KLF2. It has two nuclear localization sequences that signals it to localize to the nucleus. In embryonic stem cells (ESCs), KLF4 has been demonstrated to be a good indicator of stem-like capacity. It is suggested that the same is true in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Epithelial cell adhesion molecule</span> Transmembrane glycoprotein

Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), also known as CD326 among other names, is a transmembrane glycoprotein mediating Ca2+-independent homotypic cell–cell adhesion in epithelia. EpCAM is also involved in cell signaling, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Additionally, EpCAM has oncogenic potential via its capacity to upregulate c-myc, e-fabp, and cyclins A & E. Since EpCAM is expressed exclusively in epithelia and epithelial-derived neoplasms, EpCAM can be used as diagnostic marker for various cancers. It appears to play a role in tumorigenesis and metastasis of carcinomas, so it can also act as a potential prognostic marker and as a potential target for immunotherapeutic strategies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor (HMMR), also known as RHAMM (Receptor for Hyaluronan Mediated Motility) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the HMMR gene. RHAMM recently has been also designated CD168 (cluster of differentiation 168).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">PSCA (gene)</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Prostate stem cell antigen is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PSCA gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HOXC6</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Homeobox protein Hox-C6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXC6 gene. Hox-C6 expression is highest in the fallopian tube and ovary. HoxC6 has been highly expressed in many types of cancers including prostate, breast, and esophageal squamous cell cancer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CRABP1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CRABP1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">MTA3</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Metastasis-associated protein MTA3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MTA3 gene. MTA3 protein localizes in the nucleus as well as in other cellular compartments MTA3 is a component of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylate (NuRD) complex and participates in gene expression. The expression pattern of MTA3 is opposite to that of MTA1 and MTA2 during mammary gland tumorigenesis. However, MTA3 is also overexpressed in a variety of human cancers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">EMP3</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Epithelial membrane protein 3 (EMP3) is a trans-membrane signaling molecule that is encoded by the myelin-related gene EMP3. EMP3 is a member of the peripheral myelin protein gene family 22-kDa (PMP22), which is mainly responsible for the formation of the sheath of compact myelin. Although the detailed functions and mechanisms of EMP3 still remain unclear, it is suggested that EMP3 is possibly epigenetically linked to certain carcinomas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zinc transporter SLC39A7</span> Protein found in humans

Zinc transporter SLC39A7 (ZIP7), also known as solute carrier family 39 member 7, is a transmembrane protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC39A7 gene. It belongs to the ZIP family, which consists of 14 proteins that transport zinc into the cytoplasm. Its primary role is to control the transport of zinc from the ER and Golgi apparatus to the cytoplasm. It also plays a role in glucose metabolism. Its structure consists of helices that bind to zinc in a binuclear metal center. Its fruit fly orthologue is Catsup.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">MTDH</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Metadherin, also known as protein LYRIC or astrocyte elevated gene-1 protein (AEG-1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MTDH gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CPNE1</span> Protein-coding gene in humans

Copine-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CPNE1 gene.

References

  1. 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000272398 Ensembl, May 2017
  2. 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000047139 Ensembl, May 2017
  3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. Hough MR, Rosten PM, Sexton TL, Kay R, Humphries RK (July 1994). "Mapping of CD24 and homologous sequences to multiple chromosomal loci". Genomics. 22 (1): 154–61. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1356. PMID   7959762.
  6. Elghetany MT, Patel J (December 2002). "Assessment of CD24 expression on bone marrow neutrophilic granulocytes: CD24 is a marker for the myelocytic stage of development". American Journal of Hematology. 71 (4): 348–9. doi: 10.1002/ajh.10176 . PMID   12447971. S2CID   39674808.
  7. Gilliam DT, Menon V, Bretz NP, Pruszak J (March 2017). "The CD24 surface antigen in neural development and disease". Neurobiology of Disease. 99: 133–144. doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2016.12.011. PMID   27993646. S2CID   3492300.
  8. 1 2 Parlato M, Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F, Philippart F, Misset B, Adib-Conquy M, Cavaillon JM (March 2014). "CD24-triggered caspase-dependent apoptosis via mitochondrial membrane depolarization and reactive oxygen species production of human neutrophils is impaired in sepsis". Journal of Immunology. 192 (5): 2449–59. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301055 . PMID   24501201. S2CID   45838206.
  9. Vasileva, Martina H.; Bennemann, Anette; Zachmann, Karolin; Schön, Michael P.; Frank, Jorge; Ulaganathan, Vijay Kumar (13 August 2024). "CD24 flags anastasis in melanoma cells". Apoptosis. doi:10.1007/s10495-024-01990-1.

Further reading