List of African-American arts firsts

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African Americans are a demographic minority in the United States. The first achievements by African Americans in various fields historically marked footholds, often leading to more widespread cultural change. The shorthand phrase for this is "breaking the color barrier". [1] [2]

Contents

This is a list of African-American firsts in the fine arts, popular arts, and literature. It is a wider listing than that of the major national firsts at List of African-American firsts.

18th century

1746

1760

1773

19th century

1825

1827

1858

1890

1892

20th century

1903

1910

1927

1931

1935

1936

1939

1940

Hattie McDaniel 1941hattie.jpg
Hattie McDaniel

1941

1943

1944

1945

1947

1948

1949

1950

1954

1955

1956

1957

1958

1959

1960

1961

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1980

1982

1983

1986

1987

1988

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

2000

21st century

2001

2002

2004

2009

2012

2013

2014

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ While considered a network for regulatory reasons, CBS TV was viewable only locally in 1948. By 1956, CBS and other networks were viewable nationwide.
  2. ↑ At that time, nominations were announced in November of the year of release, instead of early the following year.
  3. 1 2 3 The first Black superhero, Marvel's Black Panther, introduced in Fantastic Four #52 (July 1966), is African, not African-American. This is also true of the first Black character to star in his own mainstream comic-book feature, Waku, Prince of the Bantu, who headlined one of four features in the multiple-character omnibus series Jungle Tales (September 1954 – September 1955), from Marvel's 1950s predecessor, Atlas Comics.

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References

  1. ↑ Juguo, Zhang (2001). W. E. B. Du Bois: The Quest for the Abolition of the Color Line. Routledge. ISBN   978-0-415-93087-1
  2. ↑ Herbst, Philip H (1997). The Color of Words: An Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Ethnic Bias in the United States. Intercultural Press. p. 57. ISBN   978-1-877864-97-1
  3. 1 2 🖉 "Literature". Encyclopedia.com.
  4. ↑ "Lucy Terry's " Bars Fight. " Text from San Antonio College LitWeb". Alamo.edu. Archived from the original on July 19, 2011. Retrieved June 29, 2011.
  5. ↑ O'Neale, Sondra (2002). "Hammon, Jupiter". In William L Andrews; Frances Smith Foster; Trudier Harris (eds.). The Concise Oxford Companion to African American Literature. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN   9780195138832. Archived from the original on April 7, 2015. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
  6. ↑ Shields, John C. (2010). Phillis Wheatley and the Romantics. University of Tennessee Press. p. 1. ISBN   978-1-57233-712-1. Archived from the original on January 3, 2014. Retrieved May 28, 2013.
  7. ↑ Zack, Naomi (1995). American mixed race: the culture of microdiversity. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 66. ISBN   978-0-8476-8013-9. Archived from the original on January 3, 2014. Retrieved May 29, 2013.
  8. ↑ Brooks, Tim (2004). Lost Sounds: Blacks and the Birth of the Recording Industry, 1890–1919. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. pp. 15–71
  9. ↑ Slawson, Robert (2011-01-27). "Ann Bradford Stokes (1830–1903)". Black Past. Retrieved 2020-05-09.
  10. ↑ Tardif, Elyssa (2013). Providence's Benefit Street. Arcadia Publishing. p. 70. ISBN   978-0-7385-9923-6. Archived from the original on January 3, 2014. Retrieved May 31, 2013.
  11. ↑ Susan Love Brown (2006). "Economic Life". In Paul Finkelman (ed.). Encyclopedia of African American History, 1619–1895: from the colonial period to the age of Frederick Douglass. Vol. 1. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 121–129. ISBN   0195167775.
  12. ↑ Brooks, Tim, and Dick Spottswood. Lost Sounds: Blacks and the Birth of the Recording Industry, 1890–1919. University of Illinois Press, 2004. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/10.5406/j.ctt2jcc81. Accessed 8 Oct. 2020.(pp. 254–258)
  13. ↑ Baker, Josephine; Bouillon, Joe (1977). Josephine (First ed.). New York: Harper & Row. ISBN   978-0-06-010212-8.
  14. ↑ Encyclopedia of World Biography. Detroit, MI: Gale. 2004. pp. 455–456. ISBN   978-0-7876-9124-0.
  15. ↑ Baker, David. "Important Firsts: Groups and Their Leaders, and Groups and Personnel". Jazz in America. The Thelonious Monk Institute of Jazz. Archived from the original on January 15, 2011. Retrieved June 6, 2013.
  16. ↑ Strunk, William Oliver; Treitler, Leo (1998). Source Readings in Music History. Norton. p. 1421. ISBN   978-0-393-03752-4. Archived from the original on January 3, 2014. Retrieved June 5, 2013.
  17. 1 2 3 Bogle, Donald (2001). Primetime Blues. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. pp.  9–14. ISBN   978-0-374-23720-2 . Retrieved October 10, 2013.
  18. ↑ Jackson, Carlton (1993). Hattie: The Life of Hattie McDaniel. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN   978-1-56833-004-4. Archived from the original on January 3, 2014. Retrieved June 5, 2013.
  19. ↑ Epstein, Lawrence Jeffrey (2010). Political Folk Music in America from Its Origins to Bob Dylan. McFarland. p. 94. ISBN   978-0-7864-5601-7. Archived from the original on January 3, 2014. Retrieved June 5, 2013.
  20. ↑ Matt Baker at the Grand Comics Database. Archived from the original on April 24, 2015. Artist credits were not routinely given in comic books in the 1940s, so comprehensive credits are very difficult if not impossible to ascertain.
  21. ↑ "1st African-American Published Comic – All Negro #1- (1947) Comes to Auction". Metropolis Collectibles Inc. / ComicConnect Corp. press release via BlackRadioNetwork.com. February 2009. Archived from the original on July 2, 2011. Retrieved July 1, 2011.
  22. ↑ Sperb, Jason (2012). Disney's Most Notorious Film: Race, Convergence, and the Hidden Histories of Song of the South. Austin: University of Texas Press. p. 96. ISBN   978-0-292-74981-8. Archived from the original on October 13, 2013. Retrieved June 24, 2013.
  23. ↑ Smith, Catherine Parsons (2008). William Grant Still. American composers. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. p. 68. ISBN   978-0-252-03322-3. Archived from the original on October 13, 2013. Retrieved June 24, 2013.
  24. ↑ Hill, George H. (1986). Ebony Images: Black Americans and Television. Carson, CA: Daystar Publishing Company. p. 24. ISBN   978-0-933650-01-5. Archived from the original on January 3, 2014. Retrieved June 24, 2013.
  25. ↑ "One of the first TV shows hosted by a black man". African American Registry. Archived from the original on December 23, 2014. Retrieved October 5, 2013.
  26. ↑ O'Dell, Cary (2012). June Cleaver Was a Feminist!: Reconsidering the Female Characters of Early Television. McFarland. p. 217. ISBN   978-0-7864-7177-5. Archived from the original on October 13, 2013. Retrieved June 24, 2013.
  27. ↑ Manos, Nick (February 3, 2009). "Blayton, Jesse B., Sr. (1879–1977)". BlackPast.org. Archived from the original on November 10, 2014. Retrieved November 2, 2012.
  28. ↑ Weaver, Joshua R. (June 9, 2011). "The Great Black Way? Black Tony Award Winners". TheRoot.com. Archived from the original on February 22, 2015. Retrieved February 22, 2015.
  29. ↑ Clarage, Elizabeth C; Elizabeth A Brennan, eds. (1999). Who's who of Pulitzer Prize winners. Phoenix, Arizona: Oryx Press. p.  522. ISBN   9781573561112.
  30. 1 2 Otfinoski, Steven (2010). "Dandridge, Dorothy". African Americans in the Performing Arts. A to Z of African Americans (Revised ed.). New York: Facts On File. pp. 51–52. ISBN   978-1-4381-2855-9 . Retrieved June 26, 2013.
  31. ↑ Keiler, Allan (2002). Marian Anderson: A Singer's Journey. University of Illinois Press. p. 274. ISBN   978-0-252-07067-9. Archived from the original on January 3, 2014. Retrieved July 29, 2013.
  32. ↑ "The Black Presence in American Dance: Arthur Mitchell". (Biographical capsule) Spelman College. Archived from the original on December 14, 2004.
  33. ↑ "John Kitzmiller". Festival de Cannes 2019. Retrieved February 16, 2019.
  34. ↑ "Winners −1958: First Annual Grammy Awards". The Recording Academy. Archived from the original on April 24, 2015. Retrieved April 24, 2015. Presented May 4, 1959, for recordings made in 1958.
  35. ↑ "Cicely Tyson Biography (1924–2021)". Biography.com . Retrieved February 28, 2019. In 1963 Tyson became the first African American star of a TV drama in the series East Side/West Side...
  36. ↑ Cosham, Ralph H. (November 25, 1963). "Negro Comes to Television; Sponsors Happy". Nashville Banner. United Press International. p. 29. Retrieved January 29, 2021– via Newspapers.com. …only one dramatic program features a Negro as a regular member of the cast. She is Cicely Tyson, who portrays a social worker in the new CBS series East Side, West Side.
  37. ↑ Hudson, David (n.d.). "Black Cinema". GreenCine.com. Archived from the original on July 7, 2011. Update of Hudson (June 10, 2003). "SFBFF: Experience and Empowerment". Archived from the original on July 7, 2011. Retrieved July 7, 2011. Note: Asian-American interracial marriage had previously been portrayed.
  38. ↑ Duncan, Randy; Smith, Matthew J. (2013). Icons of the American Comic Book: From Captain America to Wonder Woman. ABC-CLIO. p. 83. ISBN   978-0-313-39924-4. Archived from the original on January 3, 2014. Retrieved May 27, 2013.
  39. ↑ Nancy Sinatra (May 2, 2000). Movin' with Nancy (DVD Commentary Track). Chatsworth, California: Image Entertainment.
  40. ↑ "A. S. McWilliams, 77, Comic Strip Cartoonist". The New York Times. March 25, 1993. Archived from the original on April 17, 2014. Retrieved April 12, 2014.
  41. ↑ Horn, Maurice, ed. (1996). 100 Years of American Newspaper Comics. New York: Gramercy Books. pp. 91–92. ISBN   0-517-12447-5.
  42. ↑ Boyd, Todd (2008). African Americans and Popular Culture. Westport, CN: Praeger. p. 162. ISBN   978-0-313-06408-1. Archived from the original on January 3, 2014. Retrieved May 27, 2013.
  43. ↑ Bould, Mark; Butler, Andrew M.; Roberts, Adam; Sherryl Vint (2009). The Routledge Companion to Science Fiction. Taylor & Francis. p. 131. ISBN   978-0-203-87131-7. Archived from the original on January 3, 2014. Retrieved May 28, 2013.
  44. ↑ The earliest known humorous interracial kiss was in the story "Home Cooking" in Premier Magazine's satirical comic book Nuts #1 (March 1954), per its listing at the Grand Comics Database. Archived from the original on October 12, 2013.
  45. ↑ "Sammy's Visit". All in the Family. Season 2. Episode 34. February 12, 1972. CBS. In the comedy All in the Family , at the last moment as a picture is taken, Sammy Davis, Jr., playing himself, chides the bigoted but celebrity-fawning Archie Bunker with a humorous kiss on the cheek.
  46. ↑ O'English, Mark (2014). "Killraven". In Booker, M. Keith (ed.). Comics through Time : A History of Icons, Idols, and Ideas. Greenwood Publishing. p. 666. ISBN   978-0313397509.
  47. ↑ Mitchell, Gail (October 29, 2005). "From One Man's Vision To An Empire: BET". Billboard. Vol. 117, no. 44. p. 24. ISSN   0006-2510.
  48. ↑ Alban, Debra (June 28, 2009). "Michael Jackson broke down racial barriers". CNN. Archived from the original on November 11, 2019. Retrieved November 19, 2019.
  49. ↑ Kourlas, Gia (May 6, 2007). "Dance: Where Are All the Black Swans?". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 7, 2013. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
  50. ↑ Thompson, Gayle (2020-01-07). "53 Years Ago: Charley Pride Becomes the First Black Singer to Perform at the Grand Ole Opry". The Boot. Retrieved 2020-12-04.
  51. ↑ Trust, Gary (August 29, 2016). "This Week in Billboard Chart History: In 1995, Michael Jackson Made a Record Start" . Retrieved November 19, 2019.
  52. ↑ Price, Emmett George; Kernodle, Tammy L.; Maxile, Horace Joseph, eds. (2011). Encyclopedia of African American music. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. ISBN   9780313342004. OCLC   699474764.
  53. ↑ Weisman, Jon (July 30, 2013). "Cheryl Boone Isaacs Elected President of Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences". Variety . Archived from the original on April 24, 2015.
  54. ↑ Silverstein, Melissa (December 11, 2014). "Ava DuVernay Becomes First African American Woman Nominated for Best Director Golden Globe". Indiewire.com. Archived from the original on December 18, 2014.
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