List of Governors of New Jersey

Governor of New Jersey
Coat of arms of New Jersey
Incumbent Phil Murphy since January 16, 2018
Style	Governor (informal) The Honorable (formal)
Status	Head of State Head of Government
Residence	Drumthwacket
Seat	Trenton, New Jersey
Term length	Four years, renewable once consecutively
Constituting instrument	New Jersey Constitution of 1776
Precursor	Governor of New Jersey (Great Britain)
Inaugural holder	William Livingston
Formation	August 31, 1776 (242 years ago) (1776-08-31)
Deputy	Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey
Website	state.nj.us/governor

The Governor of New Jersey is the head of the executive branch of New Jersey's state government and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The governor has a duty to enforce state laws and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the New Jersey Legislature, to convene the legislature, and to grant pardons, except in cases of treason or impeachment. ^[1]

There have been 55 official governors of New Jersey, with several others acting as governor for a time. ^{[lower-alpha 1]} In the official numbering, governors are counted only once each, and traditionally, only elected governors were included. However, legislation signed on January 10, 2006, allowed acting governors who had served at least 180 days to be considered full governors. The law was retroactive to January 1, 2001; it therefore changed the titles of Donald DiFrancesco and Richard Codey, affecting Jim McGreevey's numbering. ^[2] The current governor is Phil Murphy, who took office on January 16, 2018.

Governors

For the period before independence, see the list of colonial governors of New Jersey.

New Jersey was one of the original thirteen colonies and was admitted as a state on December 18, 1787. Prior to declaring its independence, New Jersey was a colony of the Kingdom of Great Britain.

The first New Jersey State Constitution, ratified in 1776, provided that a governor be elected annually by the state legislature, the members of which were selected by the several counties. ^[3] Under this constitution, the governor was president of the upper house of the legislature, then called the Legislative Council. ^[3] The 1844 constitution provided for a popular vote to elect the governor, ^[4] who no longer presided over the upper house of the legislature, now called the Senate. The 1844 constitution also lengthened the governor's term to three years, set to start on the third Tuesday in January following an election, and barred governors from succeeding themselves. ^[5] The 1947 constitution extended terms to four years, and limits governors from being elected to more than two consecutive terms, though they can run again after a third term has passed. ^[6]

The 1776 constitution provided that the vice-president of the Legislative Council would act as governor (who was president of the Council) should that office be vacant. ^[3] The 1844 constitution placed the president of the Senate first in the line of succession, ^[7] as did the subsequent 1947 constitution. ^[8] A constitutional amendment in 2006 created the office of lieutenant governor, ^[9] to be elected on the same ticket for the same term as the governor, ^[10] and if the office of governor is vacant, the lieutenant governor becomes governor. ^[11] This office was first filled in 2010.

Governors of the State of New Jersey

No.	Governor			Term in office	Party	Election	Lt. Governor [lower-alpha 2]
1			William Livingston	August 31, 1776 – July 25, 1790	Federalist	1776	Office did not exist
						1777
						1778
						1779
						1780
						1781
						1782
						1783
						1784
						1785
						1786
						1787
						1788
						1789 [lower-alpha 3]
—			Elisha Lawrence	July 25, 1790 – October 29, 1790 [lower-alpha 4]	Federalist
2			William Paterson	October 29, 1790 [lower-alpha 4] – March 30, 1793	Federalist	1790
						1791
						1792 [lower-alpha 5]
—			Thomas Henderson	March 30, 1793 – June 3, 1793	Federalist
3			Richard Howell	June 3, 1793 – October 31, 1801	Federalist	1793
						1794 [lower-alpha 6]
						1795
						1796
						1797
						1798
						1799
						1800
4			Joseph Bloomfield	October 31, 1801 – October 28, 1802	Democratic- Republican	1801
—			John Lambert	October 28, 1802 – October 29, 1803	Democratic- Republican	1802 [lower-alpha 7]
4			Joseph Bloomfield	October 29, 1803 – October 29, 1812	Democratic- Republican	1803
						1804
						1805
						1806
						1807
						1808
						1809
						1810
						1811 [lower-alpha 8]
5			Aaron Ogden	October 29, 1812 – October 29, 1813	Federalist	1812
6			William Sanford Pennington	October 29, 1813 – June 19, 1815	Democratic- Republican	1813
						1814 [lower-alpha 9] [lower-alpha 10]
—			William Kennedy	June 19, 1815 – October 26, 1815	Democratic- Republican
7			Mahlon Dickerson	October 26, 1815 – February 1, 1817	Democratic- Republican	1815
						1816 [lower-alpha 11]
8			Isaac Halstead Williamson	February 6, 1817 – October 30, 1829	Federalist [lower-alpha 12]
						1817
						1818
						1819
						1820
						1821
						1822
						1823
						1824
						1825
						1826
						1827
						1828
—			Garret D. Wall	—	Democratic	1829 [lower-alpha 13]
9			Peter Dumont Vroom	November 6, 1829 – October 26, 1832	Democratic
						1830
						1831
10			Samuel L. Southard	October 26, 1832 – February 27, 1833	Whig	1832 [lower-alpha 14]
11			Elias P. Seeley	February 27, 1833 – October 25, 1833	Whig
9			Peter Dumont Vroom	October 25, 1833 – November 3, 1836	Democratic	1833
						1834
						1835
12			Philemon Dickerson	November 3, 1836 – October 27, 1837	Democratic	1836
13			William Pennington	October 27, 1837 – October 27, 1843	Whig	1837
						1838
						1839
						1840
						1841
						1842
14			Daniel Haines	October 27, 1843 – January 21, 1845	Democratic	1843
15			Charles C. Stratton	January 21, 1845 – January 18, 1848	Whig	1844 [lower-alpha 15]
14			Daniel Haines	January 18, 1848 – January 21, 1851	Democratic	1847
16			George Franklin Fort	January 21, 1851 – January 17, 1854	Democratic	1850
17			Rodman M. Price	January 17, 1854 – January 20, 1857	Democratic	1853
18			William A. Newell	January 20, 1857 – January 17, 1860	Republican	1856
19			Charles Smith Olden	January 17, 1860 – January 20, 1863	Republican	1859
20			Joel Parker	January 20, 1863 – January 16, 1866	Democratic	1862
21			Marcus Lawrence Ward	January 16, 1866 – January 19, 1869	Republican	1865
22			Theodore Fitz Randolph	January 19, 1869 – January 16, 1872	Democratic	1868
20			Joel Parker	January 16, 1872 – January 19, 1875	Democratic	1871
23			Joseph D. Bedle	January 19, 1875 – January 15, 1878	Democratic	1874
24			George B. McClellan	January 15, 1878 – January 18, 1881	Democratic	1877
25			George C. Ludlow	January 18, 1881 – January 15, 1884	Democratic	1880
26			Leon Abbett	January 15, 1884 – January 18, 1887	Democratic	1883
27			Robert Stockton Green	January 18, 1887 – January 21, 1890	Democratic	1886
26			Leon Abbett	January 21, 1890 – January 17, 1893	Democratic	1889
28			George Theodore Werts	January 17, 1893 – January 21, 1896	Democratic	1892
29			John W. Griggs	January 21, 1896 – January 31, 1898	Republican	1895 [lower-alpha 16] </ref>
—			Foster McGowan Voorhees	January 31, 1898 – October 18, 1898	Republican
—			David Ogden Watkins	October 18, 1898 – January 17, 1899	Republican
30			Foster McGowan Voorhees	January 17, 1899 – January 21, 1902	Republican	1898 [lower-alpha 17]
31			Franklin Murphy	January 21, 1902 – January 17, 1905	Republican	1901 [lower-alpha 18]
32			Edward C. Stokes	January 17, 1905 – January 21, 1908	Republican	1904
33			John Franklin Fort	January 21, 1908 – January 17, 1911	Republican	1907 [lower-alpha 19]
34			Woodrow Wilson	January 17, 1911 – March 1, 1913	Democratic	1910 [lower-alpha 20] [lower-alpha 21]
—			James Fairman Fielder	March 1, 1913 – October 28, 1913	Democratic
—			Leon R. Taylor	October 28, 1913 – January 20, 1914	Democratic
35			James Fairman Fielder	January 20, 1914 – January 16, 1917	Democratic	1913 [lower-alpha 22] [lower-alpha 23]
36			Walter Evans Edge	January 16, 1917 – May 16, 1919	Republican	1916 [lower-alpha 23] [lower-alpha 24] [lower-alpha 25]
—			William Nelson Runyon	May 16, 1919 – January 13, 1920	Republican
—			Clarence E. Case	January 13, 1920 – January 20, 1920	Republican
37			Edward I. Edwards	January 20, 1920 – January 15, 1923	Democratic	1919
38			George Sebastian Silzer	January 15, 1923 – January 19, 1926	Democratic	1922
39			A. Harry Moore	January 19, 1926 – January 15, 1929	Democratic	1925
40			Morgan Foster Larson	January 15, 1929 – January 19, 1932	Republican	1928
39			A. Harry Moore	January 19, 1932 – January 3, 1935	Democratic	1931 [lower-alpha 26]
—			Clifford Ross Powell	January 3, 1935 – January 8, 1935	Republican
—			Horace Griggs Prall	January 8, 1935 – January 15, 1935	Republican
41			Harold G. Hoffman	January 15, 1935 – January 18, 1938	Republican	1934
39			A. Harry Moore	January 18, 1938 – January 21, 1941	Democratic	1937
42			Charles Edison	January 21, 1941 – January 18, 1944	Democratic	1940
36			Walter Evans Edge	January 18, 1944 – January 21, 1947	Republican	1943
43			Alfred E. Driscoll	January 21, 1947 – January 19, 1954	Republican	1946
						1949 [lower-alpha 27]
44			Robert B. Meyner	January 19, 1954 – January 16, 1962	Democratic	1953
						1957
45			Richard J. Hughes	January 16, 1962 – January 20, 1970	Democratic	1961
						1965
46			William T. Cahill	January 20, 1970 – January 15, 1974	Republican	1969
47			Brendan Byrne	January 15, 1974 – January 19, 1982	Democratic	1973
						1977
48			Thomas Kean	January 19, 1982 – January 16, 1990	Republican	1981
						1985
49			James Florio	January 16, 1990 – January 18, 1994	Democratic	1989
50			Christine Todd Whitman	January 18, 1994 – January 31, 2001	Republican	1993
						1997 [lower-alpha 28]
51			Donald DiFrancesco	January 31, 2001 – January 8, 2002	Republican
—			John Farmer Jr.	January 8, 2002 – January 8, 2002	Republican
—			John O. Bennett	January 8, 2002 – January 12, 2002	Republican
—			Richard Codey	January 12, 2002 – January 15, 2002	Democratic
52			Jim McGreevey	January 15, 2002 – November 15, 2004	Democratic	2001 [lower-alpha 29]
53			Richard Codey	November 15, 2004 – January 17, 2006	Democratic
54			Jon Corzine	January 17, 2006 – January 19, 2010	Democratic	2005 [lower-alpha 30]
55			Chris Christie	January 19, 2010 – January 16, 2018	Republican	2009		Kim Guadagno
						2013
56			Phil Murphy	January 16, 2018 – Present	Democratic	2017 [lower-alpha 31]		Sheila Oliver

Acting governor

Prior to 2010, unlike most other states, New Jersey did not have the office of lieutenant governor. Until 2010, when the office of governor was vacant or the governor was unable to fulfill his/her duties through injury, the President of the State Senate served as the acting governor. The Senate President continued in the legislative role during his/her tenure as the state's acting chief executive, thus giving the person control over executive and legislative authority. The acting governor served either until the a special election (which would occur if the governor died, resigned or was removed from office with more than 16 months before the end of the term), until the governor recovered from his/her injuries, or, if the governor died, resigned or was removed from office less than 16 months before end of the term, until the end of the term. Richard Codey served as acting governor of New Jersey until January 2006, following the resignation of Jim McGreevey in late 2004. Following the resignation of Christine Todd Whitman in 2001 to become EPA Administrator, Donald DiFrancesco assumed the acting governor's post. The position of lieutenant governor was created in the 2005 state election effective with the 2009 election.

Following Whitman's resignation and DiFrancesco's departure, John O. Bennett served as acting governor for three and a half days. During that time, he signed a few bills into law, gave a State of the State Address, and held parties at Drumthwacket, the New Jersey governor's mansion. Similarly, Richard J. Codey served as acting governor as well. Because control of the New Jersey State Senate was split, resulting in two Senate co-presidents, Codey and Bennett, each held the office of acting governor for three days. Perhaps this spectacle as much as any other factor led to the voters' decision to amend the state constitution to create the office of Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey.

Other high offices held

This is a table of congressional seats, other federal offices, and other governorships held by governors. All representatives and senators mentioned represented New Jersey. Acting governors are included only when they filled a vacancy in the office of governor, not when they acted for a time when the governor was out of state or unable to serve.

* Denotes an office for which the governor resigned the governorship, in order to assume the noted office.

† Denotes an office that the person resigned, to become governor.

Governor	Gubernatorial term	U.S. Congress		Other offices held	Source
		U.S. House	U.S. Senate
William Livingston	1776–1790	—	—	Continental Delegate (1774–1776)	[43]
William Paterson	1790–1793	—	S†	Continental Delegate, Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court*	[44]
Thomas Henderson	1793	H	—	Elected as a Continental Delegate but declined	[45]
Joseph Bloomfield	1801–1802 1803–1812	H	—		[46]
John Lambert	1802–1803	—	S		[47]
Aaron Ogden	1812–1813	—	S		[48]
Mahlon Dickerson	1815–1817	—	S*	U.S. Secretary of the Navy (1834–1838)	[49] [50]
Peter Dumont Vroom	1829–1832 1833–1836	H	—	Minister to Prussia	[51]
Samuel L. Southard	1832–1833	—	S*	President pro tempore of the U.S. Senate, U.S. Secretary of the Navy	[52]
Philemon Dickerson	1836–1837	H†	—		[53]
William Pennington	1837–1843	H	—	Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives (Feb. 1, 1860 – Mar. 3, 1861)	[54]
Charles C. Stratton	1845–1848	H	—		[55]
Rodman M. Price	1854–1857	H	—		[56]
William A. Newell	1857–1860	H	—	Governor of the Territory of Washington (1880–1884)	[57]
Marcus Lawrence Ward	1866–1869	H	—		[58]
Theodore Fitz Randolph	1869–1872	—	S		[59]
Robert Stockton Green	1887–1890	H†	—		[60]
John W. Griggs	1896–1898	—	—	U.S. Attorney General*	[61]
Woodrow Wilson	1911–1913	—	—	President of the United States*	[62]
Walter Evans Edge	1917–1919 1944–1947	—	S*	Ambassador to France (1929–1933)	[63]
Edward I. Edwards	1920–1923	—	S		[64]
A. Harry Moore	1926–1929 1932–1935 1938–1941	—	S†*		[65] [66]
Harold G. Hoffman	1935–1938	H	—		[67]
Charles Edison	1941–1944	—	—	U.S. Secretary of the Navy	[68]
William T. Cahill	1970–1973	H†	—		[69]
James Florio	1990–1994	H†	—		[70]
Christine Todd Whitman	1994–2001	—	—	Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency*	[71]
Jon Corzine	2006–2010	—	S†		[72]
Phil Murphy	2018–present	—	—	Ambassador to Germany (2009–2013)

Living former U.S. governors of New Jersey

As of January 2018 ^[update] , there are eight former governors of New Jersey and two former acting governors of New Jersey who are living, the oldest of which is Thomas Kean (served 1982–1990, born 1935). The most recent former governor to die and the most recently serving former governor to have died was Brendan Byrne (served 1974–1982), on January 4, 2018.

Governor	Gubernatorial term	Date of birth (and age)
Thomas Kean	1982–1990	(1935-04-21) April 21, 1935 (age 84)
James Florio	1990–1994	(1937-08-29) August 29, 1937 (age 81)
Christine Todd Whitman	1994–2001	(1946-09-26) September 26, 1946 (age 72)
Donald DiFrancesco	2001–2002	(1944-11-20) November 20, 1944 (age 74)
John Farmer, Jr.	2002 (acting)	(1957-06-24) June 24, 1957 (age 61)
John O. Bennett	2002 (acting)	(1948-08-06) August 6, 1948 (age 70)
Richard Codey	2002 (acting) 2004–2006	(1946-11-27) November 27, 1946 (age 72)
Jim McGreevey	2002–2004	(1957-08-06) August 6, 1957 (age 61)
Jon Corzine	2006–2010	(1947-01-01) January 1, 1947 (age 72)
Chris Christie	2010–2018	(1962-09-06) September 6, 1962 (age 56)

See also

• List of New Jersey state legislatures

Notes

1. Only acting governors who filled a vacant office are included in the list. People who acted as governor for a period when the governor was out of state or unable to serve for a period are noted with their governor. It is possible other people acted as governor for short periods but were not recorded.
2. The office of lieutenant governor was created in 2006 and was first filled in 2010.
3. Livingston died in office; as vice-president of the Legislative Council, Lawrence acted as governor for the remainder of the term.
4. The National Governors Association states Paterson took office on October 30; however, older books specify that he took office on October 29. ^[12]
5. Paterson resigned to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States; as vice-president of the Legislative Council, Henderson acted as governor for the remainder of the term.
6. Howell was in Pennsylvania in command of the New Jersey militia during the Whiskey Rebellion; during his absence, Thomas Henderson, as vice-president of the Legislative Council, acted as governor from September 20 to December 25, 1794. ^[13]
7. The 1802 election was deadlocked, with the legislature unable to pick a candidate, giving up on November 25, 1802. Lambert, as vice-president of the Legislative Council, acted as governor until the next election. ^[14]
8. Bloomfield was in New York in command of Military District 3 during the War of 1812; during his absence, Charles Clark, as vice-president of the Legislative Council, acted as governor from June 1 to October 29, 1812, when Bloomfield's term ended. ^[15]
9. Pennington resigned to be a federal judge in the District of New Jersey; as vice-president of the Legislative Council, Kennedy acted as governor for the remainder of the term.
10. All official listings omit Kennedy, who acted as governor for four months. ^[16]
11. Dickerson resigned to take an elected seat in the United States Senate; Williamson was elected by the legislature to succeed him. ^[17] No source mentions anyone acting as governor between Dickerson's resignation and Williamson's election; the vice-president of the Legislative Council at the time was Jesse Upson, so he likely acted as governor. ^[18]
12. Williamson was known to be a Federalist; though the Federalist Party ceased existing around 1820, no sources say Williamson changed his party affiliation, perhaps choosing to remain loyal to the Federalist ideals. ^[19] One source describes him as an "ex-Federalist" before he was even elected. ^[20] A contemporary source says he remained in office until the "Jackson party" controlled the legislature; as this is a reference to the Democratic-Republican Party, it can be assumed Williamson did not switch to that party. ^[21]
13. Wall was elected on October 30, 1829; however, he declined the post, effective November 6, 1829. ^[22] Vroom was then elected by the legislature to replace him.
14. Southard resigned to take an elected seat in the United States Senate; Seeley was vice-president of the Legislative Council at the time, but he was elected governor rather than simply acting in the post for the rest of the term. ^[23]
15. The constitution increased term lengths from one to three years beginning with this term. ^[5]
16. Griggs resigned to be United States Attorney General. As president of the senate, Voorhees acted as governor until he resigned from the senate; he had been nominated for governor for the 1898 election, but the constitution prohibited governors from succeeding themselves, so he resigned to run, winning the race. ^[24] This left Watkins, as speaker of the house of representatives, acting as governor for the remainder of the term.
17. Voorhees was out of the country in Europe for several weeks in 1900; William M. Johnson, as president of the Senate, formally acted as governor from May 21 to June 19. ^{[25] [26] [27]}
18. Murphy was out of the state twice in 1904; Edmund W. Wakelee, as president of the Senate, formally acted as governor twice, and according to page 284 the 1905 Manual of the Legislature, served from April 25 to June 5, when Murphy was in Europe, and from June 14 to June 27, when Murphy was visiting Chicago and St. Louis. ^[28] However, page 16 of the same book states that he served from April 25 to June 5, and June 15 to June 27. ^[25] He actually took the oaths of office on April 26 and June 14. ^[27]
19. Fort was out of the state for some time in 1909; Joseph Sherman Frelinghuysen, Sr., as president of the Senate, acted as governor for an unknown period. ^[29]
20. Wilson resigned to be President of the United States. As president of the senate, Fielder acted as governor until he resigned from the senate; he had been nominated for governor for the 1898 election, but the constitution prohibited governors from succeeding themselves, so he resigned to run, winning the race. ^[30] This left Taylor, as speaker of the house of representatives, acting as governor for the remainder of the term.
21. Wilson was out of the state for multiple periods during his administration. ^[26] Documented episodes include from May 3 to June 3, 1911, during which time Ernest R. Ackerman, as president of the Senate, acted as governor, ^{[31] [32]} though another source states he took the oath on May 4. ^[33] Ackerman also acted as governor from October 25, 1911, for about a week, and again for about a week in mid-November, 1911. ^[34] John Dyneley Prince became president of the Senate in 1912, and is known to have acted as governor on at least 11 different occasions. ^[34]
22. Fielder was out of the state for a time in June 1914; John W. Slocum, as president of the Senate, acted as governor for an unknown period. ^[35] Walter Evans Edge later became president of the Senate, and acted as governor for five weeks in 1915. ^[36] Later again, George W. F. Gaunt became president of the Senate and acted as governor, though only two days are specifically known: September 19, 1916 and October 9, 1916. ^[37]
23. One source states that George W. F. Gaunt, as president of the Senate, acted as governor in 1917, but it is unknown if he was acting in place of James Fairman Fielder or Walter Evans Edge. ^[26]
24. Edge resigned to take an elected seat in the United States Senate; as president of the senate, Runyon acted as governor until his senate term ended, then Case acted as governor for the remainder of the term.
25. Edge was out of the state for a time in 1918; Thomas F. McCran, as president of the Senate, is known to have acted as governor, but for an unknown period. ^[26]
26. Moore resigned to take an elected seat in the United States Senate. As president of the senate, Powell acted as governor until his senate term expired, at which point Prall, as the new president of the senate, acted as governor for the remainder of the term.
27. This was the first term under the 1947 constitution, which increased term lengths to four years. ^[6]
28. Whitman resigned to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency. As president of the senate, DiFrancesco acted as governor until his senate term expired. However, a 2006 law considers anyone who has acted as governor longer than 180 days to be considered a full governor, retroactive to January 1, 2001, and as such, DiFrancesco is considered to have fully succeeded to the post. However, there were 90 minutes between the end of the senate term and the beginning of the next one; during this time, Attorney General Farmer acted as governor. ^[38] The new state senate was evenly split between Republicans and Democrats. ^[39] The compromise to pick a senate president – and therefore, an acting governor – was to have John Bennett, a Republican, act as governor from 1:30pm January 8 to 12:01am January 12, and Democrat Richard Codey would then act from 12:01am January 12 to noon on January 15, at which point the elected governor took office. ^[40]
29. McGreevey resigned due to a sex scandal. As president of the senate, Codey acted as governor until his senate term expired. However, a 2006 law considers anyone who has acted as governor longer than 180 days to be considered a full governor, retroactive to January 1, 2001, and as such, Codey is considered to have fully succeeded to the post.
30. Corzine was severely injured in a car accident on April 12, 2007; Richard Codey, as president of the Senate, acted as governor until May 7, 2007. ^[41] Corzine also left the country in 2010 for a vacation to Switzerland; Stephen M. Sweeney, as president of the Senate, acted as governor from January 14 to around January 17. ^[42]
31. Murphy's first term expires on January 18, 2022.

References

General

• Biographies of New Jersey Governors, New Jersey State Library
• "Governors of New Jersey". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on February 10, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2010.
• Lundy, F.L.; et al. (1905). Manual of the Legislature of New Jersey, One Hundred and Twenty-Ninth Session. Trenton, New Jersey: J. L. Murphy Publishing Company. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
• Lundy, F.L.; et al. (1921). Manual of the Legislature of New Jersey, One Hundred and Forty-Fifth Session. Trenton, New Jersey: State Gazette Publishing Company. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
• Lee, Francis Bazley (1902). New Jersey as a Colony and a State. New York City: The Publishing Society of New Jersey. ISBN   1-146-76658-0 . Retrieved January 14, 2010.
• Kerney, James (1926). The Political Education of Woodrow Wilson . Retrieved January 19, 2010.
• Report of the Adjutant-General of the State of New Jersey for the year ending October 31st, 1906. Somerville, New Jersey: The Union-Gazette Printing House. 1907. pp. 122–131. Retrieved January 14, 2010.

Constitutions

• "Constitution of the State of New Jersey, as amended". New Jersey Legislature. 1947. Archived from the original on June 30, 2009. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
• "Constitution of the State of New Jersey". New Jersey Department of State. 1947. Archived from the original on September 21, 2010. Retrieved January 14, 2010.
• "Constitution of the State of New Jersey". New Jersey Department of State. 1844. Archived from the original on September 21, 2010. Retrieved January 13, 2010.
• "Constitution of the State of New Jersey". New Jersey Department of State. 1776. Archived from the original on June 16, 2009. Retrieved January 13, 2010.

Specific

1. NJ Constitution article V
2. New Jersey Legislature. P.L.2005, c. 282.: Provides title of person who serves as Acting Governor for continuous period of at least 180 days will be "Governor of the State of New Jersey" for official and historical purposes. Approved January 9, 2006, retroactive to January 1, 2001. Accessed January 6, 2008.
3. 1776 Constitution article 7
4. 1844 Constitution article V, § 2
5. 1844 Constitution article V, § 3
6. NJ Constitution article V, § 1, cl. 5
7. 1844 Constitution article V, § 12
8. NJ Constitution article V, § 1, cl. 6, original
9. NJ Constitution article XI, § 7
10. NJ Constitution article V, § 1, cl. 4
11. NJ Constitution article V, § 1, cl. 6, as amended
12. Report p. 122
13. Report p. 123
14. Lee pp. 155–156
15. Report p. 124
16. Report pp. 125–126
17. Lee pp. 160–161
18. Lundy et al. (1921) p. 127
19. Whitehead, John (1897). The Civil and Judicial History of New Jersey, Volume I. The Boston History Company. p. 361. Retrieved January 15, 2010.
20. Birkner, Michael (1984). Samuel L. Southard: Jeffersonian Whig. p. 39. ISBN   978-0-8386-3160-7 . Retrieved January 15, 2010.
21. Elmer, Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus (1872). Collections of the New Jersey Historical Society, Volume VII. p. 175. Retrieved January 15, 2010.
22. Lee pp. 377–378
23. "Elias Pettit Seeley" (PDF). New Jersey State Library. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 20, 2007. Retrieved January 14, 2010.
24. "Foster McGowan Voorhees" (PDF). New Jersey State Library. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 20, 2007. Retrieved January 14, 2010.
25. Lundy et al. (1905) p. 16
26. Lundy et al. (1921) p. 22
27. "Governor's Oaths". New Jersey Department of State. Archived from the original on January 15, 2009. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
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