List of Governors of Michigan

Governor of Michigan
	Seal of the Governor
	Flag of the Governor
	Incumbent; Gretchen Whitmer ; since January 1, 2019
Style	Her Excellency [1] ;
Status	Head of State ; Head of Government ;
Residence	Michigan Governor's Mansion
Term length	Four years, renewable once
Precursor	Governor of Michigan Territory
Inaugural holder	Stevens T. Mason
Formation	November 3, 1835
Deputy	Lieutenant Governor of Michigan
Website	www.michigan.gov/gov

Last updated April 18, 2019

The Governor of Michigan is the head of the executive branch of Michigan's state government and serves as the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces.^[2] The governor has a duty to enforce state laws;^[3] the power to either approve or veto appropriation bills passed by the Michigan Legislature;^[4] the power to convene the legislature;^[5] and the power to grant pardons, except in cases of impeachment.^[6] He or she is also empowered to reorganize the executive branch of the state government.^[7]

Michigan has a republican form of government with three branches of government: the executive branch consisting of the Governor of Michigan and the other independently elected constitutional officers; the legislative branch consisting of the House of Representatives and Senate; and the judicial branch consisting of the one court of justice. The state also allows direct participation of the electorate by initiative, referendum, recall, and ratification.

A commander-in-chief, sometimes also called supreme commander, is the person that exercises supreme command and control over an armed forces or a military branch. As a technical term, it refers to military competencies that reside in a country's executive leadership – a head of state or a head of government.

The Michigan National Guard consists of the Michigan Army National Guard and the Michigan Air National Guard.

Michigan was originally part of French and British holdings, and administered by their colonial governors. After becoming part of the United States, numerous areas of what is today Michigan were originally part of the Northwest Territory, Indiana Territory and Illinois Territory, and administered by territorial governors. In 1805, the Michigan Territory was created, and five men served as territorial governors, until Michigan was granted statehood in 1837. Forty-eight individuals have held the position of state governor. The first female governor, Jennifer Granholm, served from 2003 to 2011.

Northwest Territory United States territory (1787-1803)

The Northwest Territory in the United States was formed after the American Revolutionary War, and was known formally as the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio. It was the initial post-colonial Territory of the United States and encompassed most of pre-war British colonial territory west of the Appalachian mountains north of the Ohio River. It included all the land west of Pennsylvania, northwest of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi River below the Great Lakes. It spanned all or large parts of six eventual U.S. States. It was created as a Territory by the Northwest Ordinance July 13, 1787, reduced to Ohio, eastern Michigan and a sliver of southeastern Indiana with the formation of Indiana Territory July 4, 1800, and ceased to exist March 1, 1803, when the southeastern portion of the territory was admitted to the Union as the state of Ohio, and the remainder attached to Indiana Territory.

The Indiana Territory was created by a congressional act that President John Adams signed into law on May 7, 1800, to form an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from July 4, 1800, to December 11, 1816, when the remaining southern portion of the territory was admitted to the Union as the state of Indiana. The territory originally contained approximately 259,824 square miles (672,940 km²) of land, but its size was decreased when it was subdivided to create the Michigan Territory (1805) and the Illinois Territory (1809). The Indiana Territory was the first new territory created from lands of the Northwest Territory, which had been organized under the terms of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787.

Illinois Territory territory of the USA between 1809-1818

The Territory of Illinois was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 1, 1809, until December 3, 1818, when the southern portion of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Illinois. Its capital was the former French village of Kaskaskia.

After Michigan gained statehood, governors held the office for a two-year term, until the 1963 Michigan Constitution changed the term to four years. The number of times an individual could hold the office was unlimited until a 1992 constitutional amendment imposed a lifetime term limit of two four-year governorships. The longest-serving governor in Michigan's history was William Milliken, who was promoted from lieutenant governor after Governor George W. Romney resigned, then was elected to three further successive terms.

A term limit is a legal restriction that limits the number of terms an officeholder may serve in a particular elected office. When term limits are found in presidential and semi-presidential systems they act as a method of curbing the potential for monopoly, where a leader effectively becomes "president for life". This is intended to protect a democracy from becoming a de facto dictatorship. Sometimes, there is an absolute or lifetime limit on the number of terms an officeholder may serve; sometimes, the restrictions are merely on the number of consecutive terms he or she may serve.

William Grawn Milliken, is an American politician who served as the 44th Governor of Michigan as a member of the Republican Party. He is the longest serving governor in Michigan history, serving from 1969 to 1983.

George Wilcken Romney was an American businessman and Republican Party politician. He was chairman and president of American Motors Corporation from 1954 to 1962, the 43rd Governor of Michigan from 1963 to 1969, and the United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development from 1969 to 1973. He was the father of Governor of Massachusetts, 2012 Republican presidential nominee and United States Senator from Utah Mitt Romney, husband of 1970 U.S. Senate candidate Lenore Romney, and grandfather of current Republican National Committee chair Ronna McDaniel.

Governors

Michigan was part of colonial New France until the Treaty of 1763 transferred ownership to the Kingdom of Great Britain. During this time, it was governed by the Lieutenants General of New France until 1627, the Governors of New France from 1627 to 1663, and the Governors General of New France until the transfer to Great Britain. The 1783 Treaty of Paris ceded the territory that is now Michigan to the United States as part of the end of the Revolutionary War, but British troops were not removed from the area until 1796. During the British ownership, their governors administrated the area as part of the Canadian territorial holdings.^[8]

New France was the area colonized by France in North America during a period beginning with the exploration of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence by Jacques Cartier in 1534 and ending with the cession of New France to Great Britain and Spain in 1763 under the Treaty of Paris (1763).

Treaty of Paris (1763) 1763 treaty that ended the Seven Years War

The Treaty of Paris, also known as the Treaty of 1763, was signed on 10 February 1763 by the kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement, after Great Britain's victory over France and Spain during the Seven Years' War.

The Kingdom of Great Britain, officially called simply Great Britain, was a sovereign state in western Europe from 1 May 1707 to 31 December 1800. The state came into being following the Treaty of Union in 1706, ratified by the Acts of Union 1707, which united the kingdoms of England and Scotland to form a single kingdom encompassing the whole island of Great Britain and its outlying islands, with the exception of the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands. The unitary state was governed by a single parliament and government that was based in Westminster. The former kingdoms had been in personal union since James VI of Scotland became King of England and King of Ireland in 1603 following the death of Elizabeth I, bringing about the "Union of the Crowns". After the accession of George I to the throne of Great Britain in 1714, the kingdom was in a personal union with the Electorate of Hanover.

Prior to becoming its own territory, parts of Michigan were administered by the governors of the Northwest Territory, the governors of the Indiana Territory and the governors of the Illinois Territory. On June 30, 1805, the Territory of Michigan was created, with General William Hull as the first territorial governor.^[8]^[9]

Michigan Territory territory of the USA between 1805-1837

The Territory of Michigan was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from June 30, 1805, until January 26, 1837, when the final extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Michigan. Detroit was the territorial capital.

William Hull was an American soldier and politician. He fought in the American Revolutionary War and was appointed as Governor of Michigan Territory (1805–13), gaining large land cessions from several American Indian tribes under the Treaty of Detroit (1807). He is most widely remembered, however, as the general in the War of 1812 who surrendered Fort Detroit to the British on August 16, 1812 following the Siege of Detroit. After the battle, he was court-martialed, convicted, and sentenced to death, but he received a pardon from President James Madison and his reputation somewhat recovered.

Governors of the Territory of Michigan

Governors of the Territory of Michigan
No.		Term in office	Appointed by
1	William Hull	March 1, 1805 – October 29, 1813	Thomas Jefferson
2	Lewis Cass	October 29, 1813 – August 6, 1831	James Madison
3	George Bryan Porter	August 6, 1831 – July 6, 1834^{[lower-alpha 1]}	Andrew Jackson
–	Stevens T. Mason	July 6, 1834^{[lower-alpha 1]} – September 19, 1835	—
4	John S. Horner	September 19, 1835 – July 3, 1836^{[lower-alpha 2]}	Andrew Jackson

Governors of the State of Michigan

Michigan was admitted to the Union on January 26, 1837. The original 1835 Constitution of Michigan provided for the election of a governor and a lieutenant governor every 2 years.^[12] The fourth and current constitution of 1963 increased this term to four years.^[13] There was no term limit on governors until a constitutional amendment effective in 1993 limited governors to two terms.^[14]

The Constitution of the State of Michigan is the governing document of the U.S. state of Michigan. It describes the structure and function of the state's government.

Should the office of governor become vacant, the lieutenant governor becomes governor, followed in order of succession by the Secretary of State and the Attorney General.^[15] Prior to the current constitution, the duties of the office would devolve upon the lieutenant governor, without that person actually becoming governor.^[16] The term begins at noon on January 1 of the year following the election.^[17] Prior to the 1963 constitution, the governor and lieutenant governor were elected through separate votes, allowing them to be from different parties. In 1963, this was changed, so that votes are cast jointly for a governor and lieutenant governor of the same party.^[13]^[18]

No.		Term in office	Party	Election
1	Stevens T. Mason	November 3, 1835 – January 7, 1840	Democratic	1835 ^{[lower-alpha 2]}	Edward Mundy
1	Stevens T. Mason	November 3, 1835 – January 7, 1840	Democratic	1837	Edward Mundy
2	William Woodbridge	January 7, 1840 – February 23, 1841	Whig	1839 ^{[lower-alpha 4]}	James Wright Gordon
3	James Wright Gordon	February 23, 1841 – January 3, 1842	Whig	1839 ^{[lower-alpha 4]}	Thomas J. Drake
4	John S. Barry	January 3, 1842 – January 5, 1846	Democratic	1841	Origen D. Richardson
4	John S. Barry	January 3, 1842 – January 5, 1846	Democratic	1843	Origen D. Richardson
5	Alpheus Felch	January 5, 1846 – March 3, 1847	Democratic	1845 ^{[lower-alpha 5]}	William L. Greenly
6	William L. Greenly	March 4, 1847 – January 3, 1848	Democratic	1845 ^{[lower-alpha 5]}	Charles P. Bush
7	Epaphroditus Ransom	January 3, 1848 – January 7, 1850	Democratic	1847	William M. Fenton
8	John S. Barry	January 7, 1850 – January 1, 1852	Democratic	1849	William M. Fenton
9	Robert McClelland	January 1, 1852 – March 7, 1853	Democratic	1851 ^{[lower-alpha 6]}	Calvin Britain
9	Robert McClelland	January 1, 1852 – March 7, 1853	Democratic	1852 ^{[lower-alpha 7]}	Andrew Parsons
10	Andrew Parsons	March 8, 1853 – January 3, 1855	Democratic	1852 ^{[lower-alpha 7]}	George Griswold
11	Kinsley S. Bingham	January 3, 1855 – January 5, 1859	Republican	1854	George Coe
11	Kinsley S. Bingham	January 3, 1855 – January 5, 1859	Republican	1856	George Coe
12	Moses Wisner	January 5, 1859 – January 2, 1861	Republican	1858	Edmund Burke Fairfield
13	Austin Blair	January 2, 1861 – January 3, 1865	Republican	1860	James M. Birney (resigned April 3, 1861)
					Joseph R. Williams (died June 15, 1861)
					Henry T. Backus
				1862	Charles S. May
14	Henry H. Crapo	January 3, 1865 – January 6, 1869	Republican	1864	Ebenezer O. Grosvenor
14	Henry H. Crapo	January 3, 1865 – January 6, 1869	Republican	1866	Dwight May
15	Henry P. Baldwin	January 6, 1869 – January 1, 1873	Republican	1868	Morgan Bates
15	Henry P. Baldwin	January 6, 1869 – January 1, 1873	Republican	1870	Morgan Bates
16	John J. Bagley	January 1, 1873 – January 3, 1877	Republican	1872	Henry H. Holt
16	John J. Bagley	January 1, 1873 – January 3, 1877	Republican	1874	Henry H. Holt
17	Charles Croswell	January 3, 1877 – January 1, 1881	Republican	1876	Alonzo Sessions
17	Charles Croswell	January 3, 1877 – January 1, 1881	Republican	1878	Alonzo Sessions
18	David Jerome	January 1, 1881 – January 1, 1883	Republican	1880	Moreau S. Crosby ^{[lower-alpha 8]}
19	Josiah Begole	January 1, 1883 – January 1, 1885	Democratic	1882	Moreau S. Crosby ^{[lower-alpha 8]}
20	Russell A. Alger	January 1, 1885 – January 1, 1887	Republican	1884	Archibald Buttars
21	Cyrus G. Luce	January 1, 1887 – January 1, 1891	Republican	1886	James H. MacDonald
21	Cyrus G. Luce	January 1, 1887 – January 1, 1891	Republican	1888	William Ball
22	Edwin B. Winans	January 1, 1891 – January 1, 1893	Democratic	1890	John Strong
23	John Treadway Rich	January 1, 1893 – January 1, 1897	Republican	1892	J. Wight Giddings
				1894	Alfred Milnes (resigned June 1, 1895)
				1894	Joseph R. McLaughlin
24	Hazen S. Pingree	January 1, 1897 – January 1, 1901	Republican	1896	Thomas B. Dunstan
24	Hazen S. Pingree	January 1, 1897 – January 1, 1901	Republican	1898	Orrin W. Robinson
25	Aaron T. Bliss	January 1, 1901 – January 1, 1905	Republican	1900	Orrin W. Robinson
25	Aaron T. Bliss	January 1, 1901 – January 1, 1905	Republican	1902	Alexander Maitland
26	Fred M. Warner	January 1, 1905 – January 2, 1911	Republican	1904	Alexander Maitland
				1906	Patrick H. Kelley
				1908	Patrick H. Kelley
27	Chase Osborn	January 2, 1911 – January 1, 1913	Republican	1910	John Q. Ross ^{[lower-alpha 8]}
28	Woodbridge Nathan Ferris	January 1, 1913 – January 1, 1917	Democratic	1912	John Q. Ross ^{[lower-alpha 8]}
28	Woodbridge Nathan Ferris	January 1, 1913 – January 1, 1917	Democratic	1914	Luren Dickinson ^{[lower-alpha 8]}
29	Albert Sleeper	January 1, 1917 – January 1, 1921	Republican	1916
29	Albert Sleeper	January 1, 1917 – January 1, 1921	Republican	1918
30	Alex J. Groesbeck	January 1, 1921 – January 1, 1927	Republican	1920	Thomas Read
				1922	Thomas Read
				1924	George W. Welsh
31	Fred W. Green	January 1, 1927 – January 1, 1931	Republican	1926	Luren Dickinson
31	Fred W. Green	January 1, 1927 – January 1, 1931	Republican	1928
32	Wilber M. Brucker	January 1, 1931 – January 1, 1933	Republican	1930
33	William Comstock	January 1, 1933 – January 1, 1935	Democratic	1932	Allen E. Stebbins
34	Frank Fitzgerald	January 1, 1935 – January 1, 1937	Republican	1934	Thomas Read
35	Frank Murphy	January 1, 1937 – January 1, 1939	Democratic	1936	Leo J. Nowicki
36	Frank Fitzgerald	January 1, 1939 – March 16, 1939	Republican	1938 ^{[lower-alpha 9]}	Luren Dickinson
37	Luren Dickinson	March 16, 1939 – January 1, 1941	Republican	1938 ^{[lower-alpha 9]}	Matilda Dodge Wilson
38	Murray Van Wagoner	January 1, 1941 – January 1, 1943	Democratic	1940	Frank Murphy
39	Harry Kelly	January 1, 1943 – January 1, 1947	Republican	1942	Eugene C. Keyes
39	Harry Kelly	January 1, 1943 – January 1, 1947	Republican	1944	Vernon J. Brown
40	Kim Sigler	January 1, 1947 – January 1, 1949	Republican	1946	Eugene C. Keyes
41	G. Mennen Williams	January 1, 1949 – January 1, 1961	Democratic	1948	John W. Connolly
				1950	William C. Vandenberg ^{[lower-alpha 8]}
				1952	Clarence A. Reid ^{[lower-alpha 8]}
				1954	Philip Hart
				1956	Philip Hart
				1958	John Swainson
42	John Swainson	January 1, 1961 – January 1, 1963	Democratic	1960	T. John Lesinski ^{[lower-alpha 10]}
43	George W. Romney	January 1, 1963 – January 22, 1969	Republican	1962
				1964
				1966 ^{[lower-alpha 11]}^{[lower-alpha 12]}	William Milliken
44	William Milliken	January 22, 1969 – January 1, 1983	Republican	1966 ^{[lower-alpha 11]}^{[lower-alpha 12]}	Thomas F. Schweigert
				1970	James H. Brickley
				1974	James Damman
				1978	James H. Brickley
45	James Blanchard	January 1, 1983 – January 1, 1991	Democratic	1982	Martha Griffiths
45	James Blanchard	January 1, 1983 – January 1, 1991	Democratic	1986	Martha Griffiths
46	John Engler	January 1, 1991 – January 1, 2003	Republican	1990	Connie Binsfeld
				1994	Connie Binsfeld
				1998	Dick Posthumus
47	Jennifer Granholm	January 1, 2003 – January 1, 2011	Democratic	2002	John D. Cherry
47	Jennifer Granholm	January 1, 2003 – January 1, 2011	Democratic	2006	John D. Cherry
48	Rick Snyder	January 1, 2011 – January 1, 2019	Republican	2010	Brian Calley
48	Rick Snyder	January 1, 2011 – January 1, 2019	Republican	2014	Brian Calley
49	Gretchen Whitmer	January 1, 2019 – present	Democratic	2018 ^{[lower-alpha 13]}	Garlin Gilchrist

Other high offices held

Several governors also held other high positions within the state and federal governments. Eight governors served as U.S. House of Representatives members, while seven held positions in the U.S. Senate, all representing Michigan. Others have served as ambassadors, U.S. Cabinet members, and state and federal Supreme Court justices.

* Denotes those offices for which the governor resigned the governorship.

Governor	Gubernatorial term	Other offices held	Source
Lewis Cass	1813–1831 (territorial)	President pro tempore of the Senate, Ambassador to France, U.S. Secretary of War, U.S. Secretary of State, Democratic Party candidate for President of the U.S. (1848)	^[20]
William Woodbridge	1840–1841	Territorial Delegate; United States Senator (March 4, 1841 – March 4, 1847)	^[21]
Robert McClelland	1852–1853	U.S. Secretary of the Interior*	^[22]
Russell A. Alger	1885–1887	U.S. Secretary of War	^[23]
Wilber M. Brucker	1931–1933	U.S. Secretary of the Army	^[24]
Frank Murphy	1937–1939	High Commissioner to the Philippines, U.S. Attorney General, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, Governor-General of the Philippines	^[25]
G. Mennen Williams	1949–1961	Ambassador to the Philippines, Justice of the Michigan Supreme Court	^[26]
George W. Romney	1963–1969	U.S. Secretary of Housing and Urban Development*	^[27]
James Blanchard	1983–1991	Ambassador to Canada	^[28]

Living former governors of Michigan

As of April 2019, there are five living former governors of Michigan. The most recent death of a former governor was that of George W. Romney (served 1963–69) on July 26, 1995, 18 days after his 88th birthday. Romney was also the most recently serving governor of Michigan to have died. The state's living former governors are:

Governor	Gubernatorial term	Date of birth (and age)
William Milliken	1969–1983	(1922-03-26) March 26, 1922 (age 97)
James Blanchard	1983–1991	(1942-08-08) August 8, 1942 (age 76)
John Engler	1991–2003	(1948-10-12) October 12, 1948 (age 70)
Jennifer Granholm	2003–2011	(1959-02-05) February 5, 1959 (age 60)
Rick Snyder	2011–2019	(1958-08-19) August 19, 1958 (age 60)

Notes

1 2 Porter died in office; as territorial secretary, Mason acted as governor until a replacement was appointed.^[10]
1 2 Horner was appointed Secretary and Acting Governor to replace Stevens T. Mason. In October 1835, Michigan authorized a state constitution and elected Mason as governor of the new state, although the state was not admitted until 1837. Horner was mostly ignored by the people of Michigan and resigned to be Secretary of Wisconsin Territory in July 1836.^[11]
↑ Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
↑ Woodbridge resigned to take an elected seat in the United States Senate; as lieutenant governor, Gordon acted as governor for the remainder of the term.
↑ Felch resigned to take an elected seat in the United States Senate; as lieutenant governor, Greenly acted as governor for the remainder of the term.
↑ After a new state constitution was drafted in 1850, McClelland was elected to a single one-year term in 1851. He was then re-elected to a full two-year term in 1852.^[19]
↑ McClelland resigned to be United States Secretary of the Interior; as lieutenant governor, Parsons acted as governor for the remainder of the term.
1 2 3 4 5 Represented the Republican Party.
↑ Fitzgerald died in office; as lieutenant governor, Dickinson acted as governor for the remainder of the term.
↑ Represented the Democratic Party.
↑ This was the first four-year term under the new constitution.
↑ Romney resigned to be United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development; as lieutenant governor, Milliken succeeded him.
↑ Whitmer's first term expires January 1, 2023.

References

General

"Former Governor Biographies: Michigan". National Governors Association. Retrieved January 1, 2013.
"Chronology of Michigan History" (PDF). Michigan Manual 2003–2004. Michigan Legislative Council. Retrieved January 2, 2013.

Constitutions

"Constitution of 1835". Michigan Legislative Council. Retrieved January 4, 2012.
"Constitution of 1850". Michigan Legislative Council. Retrieved January 4, 2012.
"Constitution of 1908". Michigan Legislative Council. Retrieved November 19, 2018.
"Constitution of 1963". Michigan Legislative Council. Retrieved January 3, 2013.

Specific

↑ Macomb, Alex (1837). "No. 20: Letter from Major General Macomb, to His Excellency the Governor of Michigan, Accompanying a Copy of Military Tactics". Documents Accompanying the Journal of the Senate. Detroit: John S. Bagg, State Printer. p. 167 – via Google Books.
↑ 1963 Michigan Constitution, Article 5, Section 12
↑ 1963 Michigan Constitution, Article 5, Section 8
↑ 1963 Michigan Constitution, Article 5, Section 19
↑ 1963 Michigan Constitution, Article 5, Section 15
↑ 1963 Michigan Constitution, Article 5, Section 14
↑ 1963 Michigan Constitution, Article 5, Section 2
1 2 "Chronology of Michigan History" (PDF). Michigan Manual 2003–2004. Michigan Legislative Council. pp. 1–5. Retrieved January 1, 2013.
↑ "Laws of Illinois Territory". Western Illinois University. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
↑ Dunbar, Willis F. & May, George S. (1995). Michigan: A History of the Wolverine State (Third Revised ed.). William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. pp. 276–78. ISBN 9780802870551.
↑ Dunbar, Willis F. & May, George S. (1995). Michigan: A History of the Wolverine State (Third Revised ed.). William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. pp. 208–11. ISBN 9780802870551.
↑ 1835 Const. art. V, § 1
1 2 MI Const. art. V, § 21
↑ MI Const. art. V, § 30
↑ MI Const. art. V, § 26
↑ 1835 Const. art. V, § 13
↑ "Executive Branch". State of Michigan. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
↑ 1835 Const. art. V, § 3
↑ Gardner, Washington (1913). History of Calhoun County, Michigan. Lewis Pub. Co. p. 220.
↑ "Cass, Lewis (1782–1866)". Biographical Dictionary of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. Retrieved January 1, 2013.
↑ "Woodbridge, William (1780–1861)". Biographical Dictionary of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. Retrieved January 1, 2013.
↑ "McClelland, Robert (1807–1880)". Biographical Dictionary of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. Retrieved January 1, 2013.
↑ "Alger, Russell Alexander (1836–1907)". Biographical Dictionary of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. Retrieved January 1, 2013.
↑ "Michigan Governor Wilbur Marion Brucker". National Governors Association. Retrieved January 1, 2013.
↑ "Michigan Governor Frank Murphy". National Governors Association. Retrieved January 1, 2013.
↑ "Michigan Governor Gerhard Mennen Williams". National Governors Association. Retrieved January 1, 2013.
↑ "Michigan Governor George Wilcken Romney". National Governors Association. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
↑ "Blanchard, James Johnston (1942–)". Biographical Dictionary of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. Retrieved January 1, 2013.

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[porter-11] 1 2 Porter died in office; as territorial secretary, Mason acted as governor until a replacement was appointed.^[10]

[Horner-13] 1 2 Horner was appointed Secretary and Acting Governor to replace Stevens T. Mason. In October 1835, Michigan authorized a state constitution and elected Mason as governor of the new state, although the state was not admitted until 1837. Horner was mostly ignored by the people of Michigan and resigned to be Secretary of Wisconsin Territory in July 1836.^[11]

[21] Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.

[22] Woodbridge resigned to take an elected seat in the United States Senate; as lieutenant governor, Gordon acted as governor for the remainder of the term.

[23] Felch resigned to take an elected seat in the United States Senate; as lieutenant governor, Greenly acted as governor for the remainder of the term.

[25] After a new state constitution was drafted in 1850, McClelland was elected to a single one-year term in 1851. He was then re-elected to a full two-year term in 1852.^[19]

[26] McClelland resigned to be United States Secretary of the Interior; as lieutenant governor, Parsons acted as governor for the remainder of the term.

[lt-rep-27] 1 2 3 4 5 Represented the Republican Party.

[28] Fitzgerald died in office; as lieutenant governor, Dickinson acted as governor for the remainder of the term.

[lt-dem-29] Represented the Democratic Party.

[30] This was the first four-year term under the new constitution.

[31] Romney resigned to be United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development; as lieutenant governor, Milliken succeeded him.

[32] Whitmer's first term expires January 1, 2023.

[1] Macomb, Alex (1837). "No. 20: Letter from Major General Macomb, to His Excellency the Governor of Michigan, Accompanying a Copy of Military Tactics". Documents Accompanying the Journal of the Senate. Detroit: John S. Bagg, State Printer. p. 167 – via Google Books.

[2] 1963 Michigan Constitution, Article 5, Section 12

[3] 1963 Michigan Constitution, Article 5, Section 8

[4] 1963 Michigan Constitution, Article 5, Section 19

[5] 1963 Michigan Constitution, Article 5, Section 15

[6] 1963 Michigan Constitution, Article 5, Section 14

[7] 1963 Michigan Constitution, Article 5, Section 2

[HofM-8] 1 2 "Chronology of Michigan History" (PDF). Michigan Manual 2003–2004. Michigan Legislative Council. pp. 1–5. Retrieved January 1, 2013.

[9] "Laws of Illinois Territory". Western Illinois University. Retrieved January 2, 2013.

[Dunbar-10] Dunbar, Willis F. & May, George S. (1995). Michigan: A History of the Wolverine State (Third Revised ed.). William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. pp. 276–78. ISBN 9780802870551.

[12] Dunbar, Willis F. & May, George S. (1995). Michigan: A History of the Wolverine State (Third Revised ed.). William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. pp. 208–11. ISBN 9780802870551.

[14] 1835 Const. art. V, § 1

[MI_Const._art._V,_§_21-15] 1 2 MI Const. art. V, § 21

[16] MI Const. art. V, § 30

[17] MI Const. art. V, § 26

[18] 1835 Const. art. V, § 13

[Exec-19] "Executive Branch". State of Michigan. Retrieved January 3, 2013.

[20] 1835 Const. art. V, § 3

[24] Gardner, Washington (1913). History of Calhoun County, Michigan. Lewis Pub. Co. p. 220.

[33] "Cass, Lewis (1782–1866)". Biographical Dictionary of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. Retrieved January 1, 2013.

[34] "Woodbridge, William (1780–1861)". Biographical Dictionary of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. Retrieved January 1, 2013.

[35] "McClelland, Robert (1807–1880)". Biographical Dictionary of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. Retrieved January 1, 2013.

[36] "Alger, Russell Alexander (1836–1907)". Biographical Dictionary of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. Retrieved January 1, 2013.

[37] "Michigan Governor Wilbur Marion Brucker". National Governors Association. Retrieved January 1, 2013.

[38] "Michigan Governor Frank Murphy". National Governors Association. Retrieved January 1, 2013.

[39] "Michigan Governor Gerhard Mennen Williams". National Governors Association. Retrieved January 1, 2013.

[40] "Michigan Governor George Wilcken Romney". National Governors Association. Retrieved January 2, 2013.

[41] "Blanchard, James Johnston (1942–)". Biographical Dictionary of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. Retrieved January 1, 2013.

v t e State of Michigan
Lansing (capital)
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Regions	Upper Peninsula Copper Country Gogebic Range Keweenaw Peninsula Lower Peninsula Central Michigan Metro Detroit Michiana Northern Michigan Southeast Michigan The Thumb West Michigan
Largest municipalities	Ann Arbor Battle Creek Bay City Bloomfield Township Canton Township Chesterfield Township Clinton Township Commerce Township Dearborn Dearborn Heights Detroit East Lansing Farmington Hills Flint Georgetown Township Grand Blanc Township Grand Rapids Holland Township Independence Township Kalamazoo Kentwood Lansing Lincoln Park Livonia Macomb Township Meridian Township Midland Muskegon Novi Orion Township Pontiac Portage Redford Rochester Hills Roseville Royal Oak Saginaw Saginaw Township St. Clair Shores Shelby Charter Township Southfield Sterling Heights Taylor Troy Warren Waterford Township West Bloomfield Westland Wyoming Ypsilanti Township
Counties	Alcona Alger Allegan Alpena Antrim Arenac Baraga Barry Bay Benzie Berrien Branch Calhoun Cass Charlevoix Cheboygan Chippewa Clare Clinton Crawford Delta Dickinson Eaton Emmet Genesee Gladwin Gogebic Grand Traverse Gratiot Hillsdale Houghton Huron Ingham Ionia Iosco Iron Isabella Jackson Kalamazoo Kalkaska Kent Keweenaw Lake Lapeer Leelanau Lenawee Livingston Luce Mackinac Macomb Manistee Marquette Mason Mecosta Menominee Midland Missaukee Monroe Montcalm Montmorency Muskegon Newaygo Oakland Oceana Ogemaw Ontonagon Osceola Oscoda Otsego Ottawa Presque Isle Roscommon Saginaw Sanilac Schoolcraft Shiawassee St. Clair St. Joseph Tuscola Van Buren Washtenaw Wayne Wexford

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