The following is a complete list of members of the New Zealand Legislative Council. The Legislative Council was New Zealand's upper house and existed from 1853 until its abolition in 1950. Initially appointed for life, tenure was changed to seven-year terms in 1891 for new appointments. New Zealand had 330 members of the Legislative Council, five of whom were women. Twice during its existence, in 1885 and 1950, membership peaked at 53 councillors; on the second occasion due to the so-called suicide squad that the National Government appointed to ensure that members voted for the abolition of the Legislative Council.
The quorum of the Legislative Council was fixed at five,[1] and there was no initial upper limit of positions. Instructions received by the governor in 1855 contained an upper limit of 15 positions, which was increased to 20 in 1861, and removed altogether in 1862.[6]
As the power of the governor over New Zealand politics gradually decreased, it became the convention that appointments were made on the recommendation of the premier (later prime minister), essentially meaning that councillors were selected by the government of the day. This change in practice happened during the 1860s and was certainly established by 1867.[1] Tenure was changed by the Liberal Government to seven years; both political factions had campaigned in the 1890 election for a reform of the Legislative Council.[1] The outgoing Atkinson Ministry made six appointments to the Legislative Council in January 1891 (Harry Atkinson, James Fulton, John Davies Ormond, William Downie Stewart, John Blair Whyte, and Charles Johnston), and these were the last life appointments.[7]
The regulations were that members were disqualified when they had missed two sessions without absence having been granted.[1] This applied mainly to the period from 1854 to 1891, when 17 members were disqualified.[8] The rules were applied in a rather lax fashion, though, and in 1887 it was alleged that several members were technically disqualified, including the Attorney-General. The handling of the affair damaged the reputation of the Legislative Council.[9]
The maximum size of the Legislative Council of 53 councillors was reached in 1885 and again in 1950.[1] Over the years, the Legislative Council was stacked by the government of the day with members sympathetic to it, so that legislation could be passed more easily.[10] The appointments by the second Stout–Vogel Ministry in 1884 and 1885 made the Legislative Council reach its maximum number on the first occasion. The so-called suicide squad[10] appointed by the First National Government to ensure the abolition of the Legislative Council was the reason for achieving the maximum size on the second occasion.[1] The Legislative Council was abolished in 1950 (memberships all terminated on 31 December 1950), with the Legislative Council Abolition Bill coming into force on 1 January 1951.[10][11]
Captain Baillie served on the Legislative Council for 61 years and had the longest membership.[12] The Legislative Council had a speaker, and from 1865 a chairman of committees; these roles were modelled on the equivalent functions in the New Zealand House of Representatives. There were 18 speakers and 13 chairmen of committees, respectively. William Swainson was the first speaker, whilst Mathew Richmond was the first chairmen of committees.[13] Four New Zealand premiers or prime ministers were head of government while they a member of the Legislative Council. Two of those, Frederick Whitaker and Francis Bell, were at other times also members of parliament.[14][15] The other two, George Waterhouse and Daniel Pollen, were not at other times also member of parliament; they only served on the Legislative Council.[16][17]
The Statutes Amendment Act (1941) allowed for women to be appointed to the Legislative Council.[18] The first two women, Mary Anderson and Mary Dreaver, were appointed in 1946 by the First Labour Government.[19] Three more women were appointed in 1950 as part of the suicide squad: Agnes Weston, Cora Louisa Burrell, and Ethel Gould.[20] Thus, of the 330 legislative councillors that were appointed over its 97 years of existence, only five were women, with three of them there to abolish the Legislative Council.[21]
Walter Carncross (18 March 1903 – 17 March 1910; 18 March 1910 – 17 March 1917, 17 March 1917 – 16 March 1924; 17 March 1924 – 16 March 1931; 17 March 1931 – 16 March 1938; 17 March 1938 – 30 June 1940)
Carey Carrington (17 June 1926 – 16 June 1933; 17 June 1933 – 16 June 1940)
Benjamin Harris (3 February 1897 – 2 February 1904; 3 February 1904 – 2 February 1911; 3 February 1911 – 2 February 1918; 15 February 1918 – 20 June 1923)
John Hyde Harris (13 April 1858 – 1 December 1864; 8 July 1867 – 18 July 1868)
John Johnston (31 March 1857 – 6 November 1860; 11 March 1861 – 16 November 1887)
George Jones (13 December 1895 – 12 December 1902; 13 December 1902 – 12 December 1909; 13 December 1909 – 12 December 1916; 7 May 1918 – 16 December 1920)
John MacGregor (15 October 1892 – 15 October 1899; 14 July 1914 – 13 July 1921; 14 July 1921 – 13 July 1928; 14 July 1928 – 13 July 1935)
William McIntyre (2 September 1921 – 1 September 1928; 2 September 1928 – 2 September 1935; 2 September 1935 – 1 September 1942; 10 September 1942 – 9 September 1949; 16 September 1949 – 26 October 1949)
Āpirana Ngata, often described as New Zealand's foremost Māori politician, was appointed in 1950, but was too ill and died without ever having taken his seat
Alfred Rowland Chetham-Strode, sometimes referred to under the surname Strode, is listed under 'C' above Alfred Lee Smith, sometimes referred to under the surname Smith, is listed under 'L' above
T
Hōri Kerei Taiaroa's disqualification from the Legislative Council in August 1880 over a technicality caused bitterness and resentment among Māori
Hōri Kerei Taiaroa (17 February 1879 – 25 August 1880; 15 May 1885 – 4 August 1905)
George Waterhouse was a member of the Legislative Council when he served as Premier; he was never a Member of Parliament in New ZealandFrederick Whitaker was a member of the Legislative Council when he served as Premier; he was a Member of Parliament at other times
↑ McLintock, A. H., ed. (22 April 2009) [originally published in 1966]. "The Legislative Council". An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand. Ministry for Culture and Heritage / Te Manatū Taonga. Retrieved 1 October 2012.
↑ McLintock, A. H., ed. (23 April 2009) [originally published in 1966]. "WATERHOUSE, Hon. George Marsden". An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand. Ministry for Culture and Heritage / Te Manatū Taonga. Retrieved 4 October 2012.
↑ McLintock, A. H., ed. (22 April 2009) [originally published in 1966]. "POLLEN, Daniel (1813–96)". An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand. Ministry for Culture and Heritage / Te Manatū Taonga. Retrieved 4 October 2012.
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