Middlemarch | |
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Rural settlement | |
Looking south along State Highway 87 at Middlemarch | |
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Coordinates: 45°31′S170°07′E / 45.517°S 170.117°E | |
Country | New Zealand |
Region | Otago |
District | Dunedin |
Community board | Strath Taieri Community Board [1] |
Electorates |
|
Government | |
• Territorial authority | Dunedin City Council |
• Regional council | Otago Regional Council |
• Mayor of Dunedin | Jules Radich |
• Taieri MP | Ingrid Leary |
• Te Tai Tonga MP | Tākuta Ferris |
Area | |
• Total | 1.05 km2 (0.41 sq mi) |
Population (June 2024) [3] | |
• Total | 160 |
• Density | 150/km2 (390/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+12 (NZST) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+13 (NZDT) |
Postcode | 9597 |
Area code | 03 |
Local iwi | Ngāi Tahu |
Middlemarch is a small town in the Otago region of New Zealand's South Island. It lies at the foot of the Rock and Pillar Range of hills in the broad Strath-Taieri valley, through which flows the middle reaches of the Taieri River. Since local government reorganisation in the late 1980s, Middlemarch and much of the Strath-Taieri has been administered as part of Dunedin city, the centre of which lies some 80 km to the southeast. Middlemarch is part of the Taieri electorate (formerly known as Dunedin South), [4] and is currently represented in parliament by Ingrid Leary. Middlemarch has reticulated sewerage but no reticulated water supply. A description of 1903, that "[T]he summer seasons are warm, but not enervating, and the winters cold, but dry" is still true today. [5]
It is a crucial service town for the local farming community, the terminus of the Taieri Gorge Railway, and the start of the Otago Central Rail Trail.
Several suggestions exist about how the township was named. One is that Mrs Alice Humphreys (née Hawdon, 1848–1934), whose husband Edward Wingfield Humphreys owned and had surveyed for sale sections in this new township, [6] named the town in 1876 after George Eliot's novel Middlemarch: A Study of Provincial Life. [7] [8] Another is that the name is from the now obsolete English term "march" meaning a boundary - in this case a middle area between two rivers. As with many places in and close to the Maniototo area, its name may have been influenced by the Northumberland ancestry of early surveyor John Turnbull Thomson (there is a Middle March region in Northumberland, centred on the town of Otterburn).
Middlemarch is described by Statistics New Zealand as a rural settlement. It covers 1.05 km2 (0.41 sq mi) [2] and had an estimated population of 160 as of June 2024, [3] with a population density of 152 people per km2. It is part of the much larger Strath Taieri statistical area. [9]
Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
---|---|---|
2006 | 165 | — |
2013 | 156 | −0.80% |
2018 | 153 | −0.39% |
Source: [10] |
Middlemarch had a population of 153 at the 2018 New Zealand census, a decrease of 3 people (−1.9%) since the 2013 census, and a decrease of 12 people (−7.3%) since the 2006 census. There were 66 households, comprising 81 males and 72 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.12 males per female. The median age was 50.2 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 21 people (13.7%) aged under 15 years, 18 (11.8%) aged 15 to 29, 90 (58.8%) aged 30 to 64, and 30 (19.6%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 96.1% European/Pākehā, and 21.6% Māori. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 62.7% had no religion, and 31.4% were Christian.
Of those at least 15 years old, 12 (9.1%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 30 (22.7%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $25,200, compared with $31,800 nationally. 15 people (11.4%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 51 (38.6%) people were employed full-time, 21 (15.9%) were part-time, and 6 (4.5%) were unemployed. [10]
Strath Taieri School is a co-educational state full primary school for Year 1 to 8 students, [11] with a roll of 49 students as of November 2024. The school opened in 1880, and was initially a high school. It became a full primary in 1975. [12]
Middlemarch Museum, located on Aberafon Street, shares the social history of the region. [13]
The museum's collection includes the Platypus , a 10-metre long iron-plate submarine. It was built in 1873 in Dunedin to mine for underwater gold, and is thought to be the only submarine to have been built in New Zealand. [14]
Climate data for Middlemarch (1991–2020 normals, extremes 2000–present) | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 37.4 (99.3) | 35.6 (96.1) | 32.6 (90.7) | 26.9 (80.4) | 25.3 (77.5) | 21.1 (70.0) | 19.4 (66.9) | 21.5 (70.7) | 24.7 (76.5) | 27.9 (82.2) | 31.2 (88.2) | 36.0 (96.8) | 37.4 (99.3) |
Mean maximum °C (°F) | 32.1 (89.8) | 30.9 (87.6) | 29.0 (84.2) | 24.6 (76.3) | 20.7 (69.3) | 17.9 (64.2) | 16.6 (61.9) | 18.1 (64.6) | 22.1 (71.8) | 24.7 (76.5) | 27.1 (80.8) | 29.9 (85.8) | 33.6 (92.5) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 22.5 (72.5) | 22.3 (72.1) | 20.6 (69.1) | 17.0 (62.6) | 12.9 (55.2) | 9.8 (49.6) | 9.5 (49.1) | 11.6 (52.9) | 14.7 (58.5) | 16.6 (61.9) | 18.5 (65.3) | 20.9 (69.6) | 16.4 (61.5) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 15.6 (60.1) | 15.2 (59.4) | 13.3 (55.9) | 10.2 (50.4) | 7.0 (44.6) | 4.4 (39.9) | 3.8 (38.8) | 5.7 (42.3) | 8.4 (47.1) | 10.1 (50.2) | 11.9 (53.4) | 14.3 (57.7) | 10.0 (50.0) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 8.6 (47.5) | 8.1 (46.6) | 6.1 (43.0) | 3.4 (38.1) | 1.1 (34.0) | −1.1 (30.0) | −1.8 (28.8) | −0.3 (31.5) | 2.1 (35.8) | 3.6 (38.5) | 5.4 (41.7) | 7.7 (45.9) | 3.6 (38.4) |
Mean minimum °C (°F) | 1.8 (35.2) | 1.8 (35.2) | −1.1 (30.0) | −3.5 (25.7) | −5.8 (21.6) | −7.5 (18.5) | −8.0 (17.6) | −6.1 (21.0) | −4.9 (23.2) | −3.4 (25.9) | −1.1 (30.0) | 0.8 (33.4) | −8.5 (16.7) |
Record low °C (°F) | −2.1 (28.2) | −1.4 (29.5) | −4.1 (24.6) | −5.6 (21.9) | −10.1 (13.8) | −12.3 (9.9) | −10.6 (12.9) | −8.6 (16.5) | −8.0 (17.6) | −5.3 (22.5) | −4.6 (23.7) | −2.1 (28.2) | −12.3 (9.9) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 90.1 (3.55) | 70.2 (2.76) | 62.8 (2.47) | 65.0 (2.56) | 69.8 (2.75) | 57.3 (2.26) | 53.5 (2.11) | 53.1 (2.09) | 45.9 (1.81) | 73.8 (2.91) | 75.2 (2.96) | 76.7 (3.02) | 793.4 (31.25) |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 184.1 | 164.6 | 162.2 | 137.5 | 114.9 | 109.4 | 124.3 | 131.6 | 160.1 | 173.6 | 179.3 | 175.2 | 1,816.8 |
Source: NIWA [15] [16] |
The Taieri Pet is a lenticular cloud formation that occurs in the Strath-Taieri region. The cloud formation is created when north-westerly winds are forced upward over the Rock and Pillar Range. The cloud is a common feature in the skies near Middlemarch. [17] [18] [19]
Otago is a region of New Zealand located in the southern half of the South Island administered by the Otago Regional Council. It has an area of approximately 32,000 square kilometres (12,000 sq mi), making it the country's second largest local government region. Its population was 257,200 in June 2024.
Gore is a town and district in the Southland region of the South Island of New Zealand. It has a resident population of 8,290 as of June 2024. Gore is known for its country music scene and hosts an annual country music festival. The town is also surrounded by farmland and is an important centre for agriculture in the region.
Dunedin is the second-largest city in the South Island of New Zealand, and the principal city of the Otago region. Its name comes from Dùn Èideann, the Scottish Gaelic name for Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland. The city has a rich Māori, Scottish, and Chinese heritage.
Mosgiel is an urban satellite of Dunedin in Otago, New Zealand, fifteen kilometres west of the city's centre. Since the re-organisation of New Zealand local government in 1989 it has been inside the Dunedin City Council area. Mosgiel has a population of approximately 15,150 as of June 2024. A nickname for Mosgiel is "The pearl of the plain". Its low-lying nature does pose problems, making it prone to flooding after heavy rains. Mosgiel takes its name from Mossgiel Farm, Ayrshire, the farm of the poet Robert Burns, the uncle of the co-founder in 1848 of the Otago settlement, the Reverend Thomas Burns.
Naseby is a small town, formerly a borough, in the Maniototo area of Central Otago, New Zealand. It is named after a village in Northamptonshire, England, which was the site of a major battle during the English Civil War. Previous names of the township were Parker's, Hogburn and Mt Ida. The town catch phrase is "2000 feet above worry level" indicating its altitude. Naseby is 395 km from Christchurch and 143 km from Dunedin.
Winton is a rural town in Southland, New Zealand. It is located close to the east bank of the Ōreti River, 30 kilometres north of Invercargill and 50 kilometres south of Lumsden. The town is named after Thomas Winton, a local stockman who lived and farmed in the area in the 1850s. The district thrived with the development of sheep and fat-lamb farms in the early 1900s. Later, dairy farming became the staple economy, although the town has also seen sawmills, and flax and linen-flax industries.
The Taieri River is the fourth-longest river in New Zealand and is in Otago in the South Island. Rising in the Lammerlaw Range, it initially flows north, then east around the Rock and Pillar range before turning southeast, reaching the sea 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of Dunedin.
Tapanui is a small town in West Otago in New Zealand's South Island, close to the boundary with Southland region.
Dunedin Railways is the trading name of Dunedin Railways Limited, an operator of a railway line and tourist trains based at Dunedin Railway Station in the South Island of New Zealand. The company is a council-controlled trading organisation wholly owned by Dunedin City Council through its holding company Dunedin City Holdings Limited.
Ranfurly is a town in the Central Otago District of Otago, New Zealand. Located 110 kilometres north of Dunedin, it lies in the dry rough plain of Maniototo at a moderately high altitude close to a small tributary of the Taieri River. It operates as a service town for the local farming community. The town was formerly known as Eweburn, one of the "farmyard" names bestowed by former Otago Chief Surveyor John Turnbull Thomson on many small streams and locations in the district. The modern name honours the Fifth Earl of Ranfurly, who served as Governor of New Zealand (1897–1904) at the time of the extension of the Otago Central Railway to the area. Ranfurly is well known for its Art Deco buildings, such as its hotel and the dairy.
Palmerston is a town in Otago in the South Island of New Zealand. Located 50 kilometres to the north of the city of Dunedin, it is the largest town in the Waihemo Ward of the Waitaki District, with a population of 890 residents. Palmerston grew at a major road junction: State Highway 1 links Dunedin and Waikouaiti to the south with Oamaru and Christchurch to the north, while State Highway 85 heads inland to become the principal highway of the Maniototo. The Main South Line railway passes through the town and the Seasider tourist train travels from Dunedin to Palmerston and back once or twice a week. From 1880 until 1989, the town acted as the junction between the main line and a branch line that ran inland, the Dunback and Makareao Branches.
Taieri Mouth is a small fishing village at the mouth of the Taieri River, New Zealand. Taieri Island (Moturata) lies in the ocean several hundred metres off the river's mouth.
The Strath Taieri is a large glacial valley and river plateau in New Zealand's South Island. It is surrounded by the rugged hill ranges to the north and west of Otago Harbour. Since 1989 it has been part of the city of Dunedin. The small town of Middlemarch is located at its southern end.
The Otago Central Rail Trail is a 150-kilometre walking, cycling and horse riding track in the South Island of New Zealand. A pioneering project for New Zealand, the successful rail trail joined the New Zealand Cycle Trail umbrella organisation in 2012, having been one of the inspirations for it.
Outram is a rural suburb of Dunedin, New Zealand, with a population of 910 as of June 2024. It is located 28 kilometres west of the central city at the edge of the Taieri Plains, close to the foot of Maungatua. The Taieri River flows close to the southeast of the town. Outram lies on State Highway 87 between Mosgiel and Middlemarch.
The Rock and Pillar Range, is a range of high hills is located in the Maniototo, an area of inland Otago, New Zealand. The range is surrounded on three sides by the Taieri River, which has its source in the Lammerlaw Range. The river flows out across the scroll plain at Paerau, along the north west flanks of the Rock and Pillar Range before almost doubling back on itself at Waipiata and flowing back along the eastern side past Hyde through the Strath-Taieri. The town of Middlemarch lies close to the Taieri River to the east of the range, and Patearoa lies to the northwest.
Hyde is a locality in Otago, New Zealand, located in the Strath-Taieri. It is close to the northern end of the Rock and Pillar Range on State Highway 87 between Middlemarch and Ranfurly. Hyde is best known as the site of the Hyde railway disaster of 4 June 1943, in which 21 people were killed when an express train on the Otago Central Railway derailed at high speed in a cutting near the town. At the time, it was the worst railway accident in New Zealand's history; it has only been passed by the Tangiwai disaster of 24 December 1953, which claimed the lives of 151 people. The site of the Hyde disaster can now be walked as part of the Otago Central Rail Trail and a monument, a 2.5 m high cairn, stands as a memorial to the victims.
State Highway 87 (SH 87) is a state highway in New Zealand servicing the Taieri Plains and the Strath-Taieri Valley in Otago, connecting Mosgiel to Kyeburn on the eastern flank of the Maniototo Plains.
Hindon is a small settlement in inland Otago, in the South Island of New Zealand. It is located 24 kilometres (15 mi) northwest of Dunedin in the Silverpeaks Range, close to the edge of the Strath Taieri. The Taieri Gorge Railway runs through Hindon on its way between Dunedin and Middlemarch.
Platypus was a 10-metre (33 ft) long iron-plate submarine. It was built in 1873 in Dunedin, and is thought to be the only submarine to have been built in New Zealand. It is one of the earliest surviving examples of a submarine in the world. The submarine was built to traverse rivers for the New Zealand Submarine Gold Mining Company Ltd, following the peak of the Otago gold rush.