Phemerazole

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Phemerazole
Phemerazole structure.png
Clinical data
Other namesPhemerazol; Femerazol; Femerazole; Phenylmethylpyrazole; 3-Methyl-5-phenylpyrazole
Drug class Sedative; Hypnotic; Anticonvulsant; Muscle relaxant; Mammary stimulant
ATC code
  • None
Identifiers
  • 5-methyl-3-phenyl-1H-pyrazole
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard 100.020.091 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Chemical and physical data
Formula C10H10N2
Molar mass 158.204 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • CC1=CC(=NN1)C2=CC=CC=C2
  • InChI=1S/C10H10N2/c1-8-7-10(12-11-8)9-5-3-2-4-6-9/h2-7H,1H3,(H,11,12)
  • Key:QHRSESMSOJZMCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Phemerazole, or femerazol, also known as 5-phenyl-3-methylpyrazole, is a sedative drug and aryl pyrazole derivative. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] It produces sedative, hypnotic, hypolocomotive, antiaggressive, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant, and hypothermic effects in animals. [1] [2] [6] [7] In addition to its central nervous system effects, the drug has been found to potentiate the effects of diethylstilbestrol on the mammary glands in animals, including producing ductal and alveolar hyperplasia, stromal hyperemia, and lactogenesis. [1] [4] [5] Its effects in this regard were said to resemble those of the sedative prolactin releasers chlorpromazine and reserpine. [4] [5] The exact mechanisms of action of phemerazole in terms of its various effects do not appear to be known. [4] [5] Phemerazole was first described in the scientific literature by 1960. [2] [6] [7] Various active analogues and derivatives of phemerazole are known. [1]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Orth RE (April 1968). "Biologically active pyrazoles". Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 57 (4): 537–556. Bibcode:1968JPhmS..57..537O. doi:10.1002/jps.2600570401. PMID   4385101. Phemerazole,3-methyl-5-phenylpyrazole (XL), was one of a group of pyrazoles which evoked sharply pronounced sedative, soporific, anticonvulsant, and hypothermic responses. [...] Phemerazole potentiated the action of diethylstilbestrol on mammary glands (250-254). [...] The versatility of action of even the simplest pyrazoles was noteworthy, and pyrazole, itself, was mentioned on several occasions. [...] The simple histamine isomer, betazole, manifested greater specificity on gastric secretions than histamine, while 3-methyl-5-phenylpyrazole, phemerazole, was an excellent central spasmolytic anticonvulsant.
  2. 1 2 3 Stanford Research Institute, Psychopharmacology Service Center (U.S.) (1960). "Phemerazole". Psychopharmacology Handbook: Animal Research in Psychopharmacology. Public Health Service publication. U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health. pp. 325–326.
  3. ↑ Jablonski S (1967). Russian Drug Index. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service. p. 224.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Pershin GN, Novitskaya NA, Grushina AA (October 1961). "Adjuvant effect of 5-phenyl-3-methylpyrazole (phemerazole) on the action of diethylstilstrol on the mammary glands of rabbits". Biulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii I Meditsiny. 51 (5): 584–586. doi:10.1007/BF00788451. PMID   14038299.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Pershin GN, Novitskaia NA, Grushina AA (May 1961). "[Potentiation of the effect of diethylstilbestrol on the mammary gland in rabbits under the influence of 3-methyl-5-phenylpyrazole (phemerazole)]". Biulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii I Meditsiny (in Russian). 51: 74–76. PMID   13734605.
  6. 1 2 Pershin GN, Novitskaia NA (1960). "[Sedative and hypothermic properties of 3-methyl-5-phenylpyrazole (Phemerazole)]". Farmakologiia i Toksikologiia (in Russian). 23: 216–220. PMID   13734606.
  7. 1 2 Novitskaia NA, Pershin GN (1960). "[Effect of 3-methyl-5-phenylpyrazole (phemerazole) on the action of substances stimulating the central nervous system]". Farmakologiia i Toksikologiia (in Russian). 23: 488–493. PMID   13729785.
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