Public holidays in Malaysia

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States that observe a Saturday-Sunday weekend

States that observe a Friday-Saturday weekend Malaysia rest days.svg
  States that observe a SaturdaySunday weekend
  States that observe a FridaySaturday weekend

Public holidays in Malaysia are regulated at both federal and state levels, mainly based on a list of federal holidays observed nationwide plus a few additional holidays observed by each individual state and federal territory. The public holidays are a mix of secular holidays celebrating the nation and its history, and selected traditional holidays of the various ethnic and religious groups that make up the country.

Contents

The legislation governing public holidays in Malaysia includes the Holidays Act 1951 (Act 369) in Peninsular Malaysia and Labuan, the Holidays Ordinance (Sabah Cap. 56) in Sabah and the Public Holidays Ordinance (Sarawak Cap. 8) in Sarawak.

The workweek and weekend varies between states, with most states and federal territories observing a SaturdaySunday weekend, while Johor, Kedah, Kelantan and Terengganu observe a FridaySaturday weekend, though in Johor many private businesses and banks observe the SaturdaySunday weekend due to close business ties with Singapore. [1] [2] In states and territories with a SaturdaySunday weekend, a public holiday that falls on Sunday is substituted by a holiday on Monday, or the next working day if Monday itself is a public holiday. In Johor and Kedah, a public holiday that falls on Friday is replaced by Sunday or the next working day, while in Kelantan and Terengganu, a public holiday that falls on Saturday is replaced by Sunday or the next working day.

Starting 1 January 2025, the weekend holiday for Johor will be changed from Friday-Saturday to Saturday-Sunday, [3] after ten years of enforcement.

Overview

Federal holidays

Federal public holidays are fixed by the federal government and are observed nationwide with some exceptions. They are:

Each state and federal territory observes 14 days of federal holidays, except Sarawak which observes 13 days.

Although the second day of Chinese New Year is not listed as a federal holiday in Kelantan and Terengganu, the holiday is gazetted as a state holiday in both states, effectively making it a nationwide holiday. Additionally, the second day of Hari Raya Qurban is gazetted as a state holiday in Kedah and Perlis.

State holidays

In addition to the federal public holidays, each state may gazette a number of state public holidays to be observed in the state. For the federal territories, the Prime Minister is in charge of designating the territorial public holidays to be observed in each federal territory.

In every state, the official birthday of the state ruler or governor is celebrated as a public holiday. In the federal territories, the Federal Territory Day is celebrated instead.

The most widespread state holiday is New Year's Day which is observed in eight states and all three federal territories, followed by Nuzul al-Quran in seven states and all three federal territories, and Thaipusam in five states and two federal territories.

As of 2020, each state and federal territory has designated four to six state public holidays, bringing the total number of (federal and state) public holidays to 20 days in Sabah and Terengganu, 19 days in Labuan, Penang and Sarawak and 18 days in the rest of the country.

Holidays by declaration

Section 8 of the Holidays Act 1951 gives the Prime Minister power to declare any day a public holiday in the whole of Peninsular Malaysia and Labuan, or in one of the federal territories, or in one of the states after consultation with the relevant state government. The declared holiday must be observed by all employers as a paid holiday.

Public holidays had been declared on the polling day for a general election, [4] on the day of the installation of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, [5] as well as after international sporting events to celebrate the achievements of Malaysian athletes. [6]

At the state level, the state government may declare an occasional holiday (cuti peristiwa) for events such as the installation of the state ruler, [7] after major achievements in sporting events, [8] [9] or even to provide an extra holiday but unable to officially gazette it (such as the annual holiday declaration for Thaipusam in Kedah). [10] [11] Unlike holidays declared under Section 8 of the Holidays Act 1951, observance of occasional state holidays by private businesses and organizations is voluntary, while government offices and schools (except for nationwide exams) are closed.

In Sabah and Sarawak, the power to declare any day as a public holiday rests with the state governor (in practice, exercised on the advice of the state government) in accordance with the states' respective Holidays Ordinances.

List of public holidays by declaration under Section 8 of the Holidays Act 1951

The table below lists additional holidays that were declared under Section 8 of the Holidays Act 1951 for Peninsular Malaysia and Labuan. Unless otherwise noted, the same days were also declared as holidays by Sabah and Sarawak in accordance to their respective Holidays Ordinances.

YearDateRemarks
201724 April (Mon)Day of Installation of the 15th Yang di-Pertuan Agong [5] [12] [13]
4 September (Mon)Additional holiday in commemoration of the 2017 SEA Games [6] [14] [15]
20189 May (Wed)Polling day for the 14th general election [4] [16] [17]
10 & 11 May (Thu & Fri) [A] Additional holidays for the 14th general election (except Sabah and Sarawak) [18]
10 & 13 May (Thu & Sun) [B]
17 & 18 May (Thu & Fri)Additional holidays for the 14th general election (Sarawak only) [19]
201930 July (Tue)Day of Installation of the 16th Yang di-Pertuan Agong [20] [21] [22]
202218 & 19 November (Fri & Sat)Eve of polling day and polling day for the 15th general election [23] [24] [25]
28 November (Mon)Additional holiday for the 15th general election [26] [27] [28]
202321 April (Fri)Additional holiday for Hari Raya Aidilfitri [29] [30] [31] [32]
A In states and federal territories observing the SaturdaySunday weekend
B In states observing the FridaySaturday weekend

Public holidays falling on the same day

For government institutions, there is no automatic replacement holiday when two public holidays fall on the same working day, although the government may designate another day as a public holiday. [33] For private sector employees, if the employer chooses to observe both public holidays, a replacement holiday is given on the next working day, or another day if the employees agree. [34] [35]

Entitlement in employment law

In Peninsular Malaysia and Labuan, employees whose employment is covered by the Employment Act 1955 are entitled to 11 paid public holidays a year. Five of the holidays are fixed by law: National Day, Yang di-Pertuan Agong's Birthday, birthday of the ruler or governor of the state (Federal Territory Day in the federal territories) where the employee is contracted to work, Labour Day and Malaysia Day. The remaining six paid holidays are chosen by the employer from the gazetted public holidays, with notice provided to employees before the start of each calendar year. In addition, any public holiday declared under Section 8 of the Holidays Act 1951 is to be observed as a paid holiday.

Should an employee be required to work on a paid holiday, the employee may be given another day off, or compensated at two times their ordinary wages in addition to holiday pay. Overtime work done on a paid holiday is to be compensated at three times the hourly rate of pay (or three times the ordinary rate per piece for piece-rated employees).

Employment in Sabah and Sarawak is regulated by the Labour Ordinance of the respective states. Employees in Sabah are entitled to 14 paid public holidays a year while those in Sarawak are entitled to 16 days, with four fixed holidays on National Day, Yang di-Pertuan Agong's Birthday, the State Governor's Birthday and Labour Day. The provisions on compensation for work done on paid holidays are identical to the Employment Act 1955.

Table of public holidays

All holidays are state/territorial public holidays unless otherwise indicated.

Date [36] English nameMalay name Johor Kedah Kelantan Kuala Lumpur Labuan Malacca Negeri Sembilan Pahang Penang Perak Perlis Putrajaya Sabah Sarawak Selangor Terengganu
1 January New Year's Day Hari Tahun BaruNoNoNoYesNoYesNo
14 January Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan's BirthdayHari Keputeraan Yang di-Pertuan Besar Negeri SembilanNoNoNoNoNoNoYesNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
Full moon in the month of Thai (January–February) Thaipusam Hari ThaipusamYesNoNoYesNoNoYesNoYesNoYesNoNoYesNo
First two days of the first lunar month (January–February) Chinese New Year Tahun Baru CinaTwo days; federal holiday (except second day in Kelantan and Terengganu, where it is a state holiday)
1 February Federal Territory Day Hari Wilayah PersekutuanNoNoNoYesNoNoNoNoNoNoYesNoNoNoNo
4 March Sultan of Terengganu's Coronation DayHari Ulang Tahun Pertabalan Sultan TerengganuNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoYes
23 March Sultan of Johor's BirthdayHari Keputeraan Sultan JohorYesNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
Friday before Easter (western Christianity) (March–April) Good Friday Jumaat AgungNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoYesNoNo
15 AprilDeclaration of Malacca City as a Historical CityHari Perisytiharan Bandar Melaka sebagai Bandaraya BersejarahNoNoNoNoNoYesNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
26 April Sultan of Terengganu's BirthdayHari Keputeraan Sultan TerengganuNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoYes
1 May Labour Day Hari PekerjaFederal holiday
First full moon in May Vesak Hari WesakFederal holiday
17 May Raja of Perlis's BirthdayHari Keputeraan Raja PerlisNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoYesNoNoNoNoNo
22 MayHari Hol of PahangHari Hol PahangNoNoNoNoNoNoNoYesNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
30 and 31 May Tadau Kaamatan Pesta Kaamatan (Pesta Menuai)NoNoNoNoTwo daysNoNoNoNoNoNoNoTwo daysNoNoNo
1 and 2 June Gawai Dayak Perayaan Hari Gawai DayakNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoTwo daysNoNo
First Monday of June Yang di-Pertuan Agong's BirthdayHari Keputeraan Yang di-Pertuan AgongFederal holiday
Third Sunday of June Sultan of Kedah's BirthdayHari Keputeraan Sultan KedahNoYesNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
7 JulyDeclaration of George Town as World Heritage Site Hari Ulang Tahun Perisytiharan Tapak Warisan DuniaNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoYesNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
Second Saturday of July Governor of Penang's BirthdayHari Jadi Yang di-Pertua Negeri Pulau PinangNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoYesNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
22 July Sarawak Independence Day Hari Kemerdekaan SarawakNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoYesNoNo
30 July Sultan of Pahang's BirthdayHari Keputeraan Sultan PahangNoNoNoNoNoNoNoYesNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
24 August Governor of Malacca's BirthdayHari Jadi Yang di-Pertua Negeri MelakaNoNoNoNoNoYesNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
31 August National Day/Independence Day Hari Kebangsaan/Hari MerdekaFederal holiday
16 September Malaysia Day Hari MalaysiaFederal holiday
29 and 30 September Sultan of Kelantan's BirthdayHari Keputeraan Sultan KelantanNoNoTwo daysNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
First Saturday of October Governor of Sabah's BirthdayHari Jadi Yang di-Pertua Negeri SabahNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoYesNoNoNo
Second Saturday of October Governor of Sarawak's BirthdayHari Jadi Yang di-Pertua Negeri SarawakNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoYesNoNo
Naraka Chaturdashi, the day preceding the new moon in the month of Aippasi (October–November) [a] Deepavali DeepavaliFederal holidayNoFederal holiday
First Friday of November Sultan of Perak's BirthdayHari Keputeraan Sultan PerakNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoYesNoNoNoNoNoNo
11 December Sultan of Selangor's BirthdayHari Keputeraan Sultan SelangorNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoYesNo
24 December Christmas Eve Hari Sebelum KrismasNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoYesNoNoNo
25 December Christmas Hari KrismasFederal holiday
Holidays based on the Islamic calendar (does not align with the Earth's year cycle)
1 Muharram First day of Muharram Awal Muharram (Maal Hijrah)Federal holiday
6 Safar Hari Hol of Sultan Iskandar of Johor Hari Hol Almarhum Sultan IskandarYesNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
12 Rabiulawal Muhammad's BirthdayHari Keputeraan Nabi Muhammad (Maulidur Rasul)Federal holiday
27 Rejab Isra and Mi'raj Israk dan MikrajNoYesNoNoNoNoYesNoNoNoYesNoNoNoNoYes
1 Ramadan [b] First day of Ramadan Awal RamadanYesNoNoNoYesNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
17 Ramadan Anniversary of the Revelation of the Quran Hari Nuzul Al-QuranNoNoYesNoNoYesNoNoYes
1 and 2 Syawal [b] Eid al-Fitr Hari Raya Puasa/Hari Raya AidilfitriTwo days; federal holiday
9 Zulhijjah Day of Arafah Hari ArafahNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoYes
10 Zulhijjah [b] Eid al-Adha Hari Raya Qurban/Hari Raya Haji/Hari Raya AidiladhaFederal holiday
11 Zulhijjah [b] NoStateFederalNoNoNoNoNoNoNoStateNoNoNoNoFederal
Total18181818191818181918181820191820
  1. Subject to change based on astronomical considerations according to the Hindu almanac
  2. 1 2 3 4 Subject to change based on the sighting of the new moon

Types of holidays

Malaysia has one of the highest numbers of public holidays in the world, ranking number seven in the top ten countries after Thailand, Indonesia, India and Hong Kong. Some holidays are federally gazetted public holidays and some are public holidays observed by individual states. Other festivals are observed by particular ethnic or religion groups, but are not public holidays. The main holy days of each major religion are public holidays, taking place on either the western calendar or religious ones.

Secular

The most widespread holiday is the "Hari Kebangsaan" (National Day), otherwise known as "Hari Merdeka" (Independence Day) on 31 August commemorating the independence of the Federation of Malaya. This, as well as Labour Day (1 May), the King's birthday (First Monday of June) and some other festivals are major national public holidays. Federal Territory day is celebrated in the three Federal territories. Malaysia Day, held on 16 September to commemorate the formation of Malaysia, became a nationwide holiday in 2010. Before that it was celebrated only in Sabah, Sarawak and Labuan. New Year's Day is also observed as a public holiday in all Malaysian states, except for Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Perlis, and Terengganu.

Religious and ethnic

Muslim holidays are highly prominent in Malaysia. The most important of these is Hari Raya Puasa (also called Hari Raya Aidilfitri) which is the Malay translation of Eid al-Fitr. It is generally a festival honoured by the Muslims worldwide marking the end of Ramadan will the fasting month. In addition to Hari Raya Puasa, they also celebrate Hari Raya Aidiladha (also called Hari Raya Haji referring to its occurrence after the culmination of the annual Hajj or Hari Raya Qurban), Awal Muharram (Islamic New Year) and Maulidur Rasul (Birthday of Muhammad).

Malaysian Chinese typically hold the same festivals observed by Chinese around the world. Chinese New Year is the most prominent, lasting for 15-days and ending with Chap Goh Mei (十五暝). Other festivals celebrated by Chinese are the Qingming Festival, the Dragon Boat Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival.

Malaysian Indians of the Hindu faith celebrate Deepavali, the festival of light, [37] while Thaipusam is a celebration in which Hindu pilgrims from all over the country meet at the Batu Caves. [38] The most important Sikh festival is the Sikh new year or Vaisakhi festival. Other important days are Lodi and Gurpurab. Other Indian and Indochinese communities observe their new year celebrations at around the same time, such as Pohela Boishakh of the Bengalis and Songkran (water festival) of the Thais. People in the northern states do celebrate the Thai festival of Loy Kratong. [39]

Wesak (Malay for Vesak), the Buddhist festival commemorating Buddha's birth, is a public holiday. [37] Malaysia's Christian community observes most of the holidays observed by Christians elsewhere, most notably Christmas [37] and Easter. Good Friday, however, is only a public holiday in the two Bornean states. The harvest festivals of Gawai in Sarawak and Kaamatan in Sabah are also important for East Malaysians. [40]

New Year's Day, Chinese New Year, and the start of the Islamic calendar are all public holidays. [37]

Participation

Despite most of the festivals being identified with a particular ethnic or religious group, festivities are often participated in by all Malaysians. One example of this is the celebration of Kongsi Raya which is used when Hari Raya Puasa and Chinese New Year coincide. The term Kongsi Raya (which means "sharing the celebration" in Malay) was coined because of the similarity between the word kongsi and the Chinese New Year greeting of Gong xi fa cai. Similarly, the portmanteau Deepa Raya was coined when Hari Raya Puasa and Deepavali coincided. [41]

A practice known as "open house" (rumah terbuka) is common during the festivities, especially during Hari Raya Aidilfitri, Deepavali, Chinese New Year and Christmas. Open house means that all well-wishers are received and that everyone regardless of background is invited to attend. [42] Open houses are normally held at the home of the host and food are also prepared by the host, however, there are also open houses held at larger public venues especially when hosted by government agencies or corporations. Also during the festivities, most Malaysians would take the time off work or school to return to their hometowns to celebrate the festivities with their extended relatives. This practice is commonly known as balik kampung and usually causes traffic jams on most highways in the country. [43]

Festivals of Malaysia

Muslim festivals

Festival [44] DateStatusEthnic GroupNote
Islamic New Year / Maal Hijrah / Awal Muharam1 MuharamNationwideMalay
Maulidur Rasul 12 RabiulawalNationwideMalay
Israk dan Mikraj 27 RejabNationwideMalay
Awal Ramadan / Awal Berpuasa1 RamadanNationwideMalay
Nuzul al-Quran 17 RamadanNationwideMalay
Hari Raya Aidilfitri / Hari Raya Puasa1 SyawalNationwideMalay
Awal Zulhijjah 1 ZulhijjahNationwideMalay
Hari Arafah 9 ZulhijjahNationwideMalay
Hari Raya Aidiladha / Hari Raya Haji / Hari Raya Korban10 ZulhijjahNationwideMalay

Buddhist festivals

Festival [45] DateStatusEthnic GroupNote
Vesak Day Full moon day of the month of VaisakhaNationwide Chinese, Indian, Siamese

Christian festivals

FestivalDateStatusEthnic GroupNote
New Year's Day 1 JanuaryNationwide
Intrudu Water Festival Sunday before Ash Wednesday Malacca Kristang
Good Friday The Friday preceding Easter Sunday Nationwide
EasterNationwide
Festa San Pedro 29 JuneMalacca Kristang
Christmas Eve 24 DecemberNationwide
Christmas Day 25 DecemberNationwide

Indian festivals

FestivalDateStatusEthnic GroupNote
Pongal First day of the month of TaiNationwide Indians
Thaipusam mid-January to mid-FebruaryNationwide Indians
Puthandu / Tamil New Year / Ugadi / Telugu New Year / Vaisakhi Nationwide Indians
Deepavali / Diwali / Festival of LightsNationwide Indians

Chinese festivals

FestivalDateStatusEthnic GroupNote
Beginning of Spring January/FebruaryNationwide Chinese
Chinese New Year / Lunar New Year / Spring FestivalJanuary/FebruaryNationwide Chinese
Festival of the Heavenly God or Jade EmperorJanuary/FebruaryNationwide Chinese
Lantern Festival / Chap Goh MehJanuary/FebruaryNationwide Chinese
Qing Ming Festival / Cheng BengAprilNationwide Chinese and Chitty
Duanwu Festival / Dragon Boat Festival / Chang FestivalJuneNationwide Chinese
Qixi Festival / Chinese Valentine's DayAugustNationwide Chinese
Hungry Ghost Festival August/SeptemberNationwide Chinese
Nine Emperor Gods Festival September/OctoberNationwide Chinese
Mid-Autumn Festival / Mooncake FestivalSeptember/OctoberNationwide Chinese
Double Ninth Festival 9th day of the 9th lunar monthNationwide Chinese
Dōngzhì Festival / Tang Chek Festival / Winter Solstice FestivalDecemberNationwide Chinese

Ethnic festivals

FestivalDateStatusEthnic GroupNote
Pesta Kalimaran31 MarchSabah Murut
Pesta Kaul March or early AprilMukah, Sarawak Melanau
Songkran AprilWest Malaysia Siamese
Regatta Lepa20–22 AprilSemporna, SabahEast coast Bajau
Tadau Kaamatan 30, 31 MaySabah and Labuan Kadazan-Dusun
Hari Gawai 1, 2 JuneSarawak Dayak
Pesta Rumbia9 and 10 JulyKuala Penyu, Sabah Bisaya and Kadazan
Pesta Kelapa2 SeptemberKudat, Sabah Rungus
Tamu Besar29 and 30 OctoberKota Belud, SabahWest coast Bajau
Loi Krathong October/NovemberWest Malaysia Siamese
Pesta Jagung5 and 6 NovemberKota Marudu, Sabah Kadazan-Dusun

International and National Festivals

FestivalDateStatusEthnic GroupNote
International Women's Day 8 MarchWorldwide
International Workers' Day 1 MayWorldwide
Mother's Day Second Sunday of MayWorldwide
Teachers' Days 16 MayNationwide
Father's Day Third Sunday in JuneWorldwide
Parents' Day First Sunday in JulyNationwide

See also

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