Rhodes University

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Rhodes University
Rhodes University logo-no background.png
Coat of arms
Former names
Rhodes University College
MottoWhere leaders learn
Type Public
Established31 May 1904;119 years ago (1904-05-31)
Endowment R429.6 million [1]
Chancellor Lex Mpati
Vice-Chancellor Sizwe Mabizela
Academic staff
357 [2]
Students7,005 [2]
Undergraduates 5,372 [2]
Postgraduates 1,633 [2]
Location
Makhanda
,
Eastern Cape
,
South Africa

33°18′49″S26°31′11″E / 33.31361°S 26.51972°E / -33.31361; 26.51972
CampusUrban
Colours   Purple
  White
Nickname Rhodian
Affiliations AAU, ACU, HESA, IAU
Website www.ru.ac.za
Rhodes University Current (2013) Insignia.svg

Rhodes University (Afrikaans : Rhodes Universiteit) is a public research university located in Makhanda (Grahamstown) in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. [3] It is one of four universities in the province.

Contents

Established in 1904, Rhodes University is the province's oldest university, and it is the sixth oldest South African university in continuous operation, being preceded by the University of the Free State (1904), [4] University of Witwatersrand (1896), University of South Africa (1873) as the University of the Cape of Good Hope, [5] Stellenbosch University (1866) [6] and the University of Cape Town (1829). [7] Rhodes was founded in 1904 as Rhodes University College, named after Cecil Rhodes, through a grant from the Rhodes Trust. It became a constituent college of the University of South Africa in 1918 before becoming an independent university in 1951.

The university had an enrollment of over 8,000 students in the 2015 academic year, of whom just over 3,600 lived in 51 residences on campus, with the rest (known as Oppidans) taking residence in digs (off-campus residences) or in their own homes in the town.

History

View of High Street looking west from the corner of Hill Street towards the Drostdy Arch, the main entrance to the present-day Rhodes University campus. Circa 1898 View High Street looking west from the corner of Hill Street towards the Drostdy Arch..jpeg
View of High Street looking west from the corner of Hill Street towards the Drostdy Arch, the main entrance to the present-day Rhodes University campus. Circa 1898
The Sir Herbert Baker clock tower at the heart of the Rhodes campus. The clock tower was designed by Herbert Baker in 1910 and constructed in subsequent years. Herbert Baker clocktower, Rhodes University, 2004.jpg
The Sir Herbert Baker clock tower at the heart of the Rhodes campus. The clock tower was designed by Herbert Baker in 1910 and constructed in subsequent years.

Although a proposal to found a university in Grahamstown had been made as early as 1902, financial problems caused by the Frontier Wars in Albany prevented the proposal from being implemented. In 1904 Leander Starr Jameson issued £50 000 preferred stock to the university from the Rhodes Trust. With this funding Rhodes University College was founded by an act of parliament on 31 May 1904. [8]

University education in the Eastern Cape began in the college departments of four schools: St. Andrew's College; Gill College, Somerset East; Graaff-Reinet College; and the Grey Institute in Port Elizabeth. The four St Andrew's College professors, Arthur Matthews, George Cory, Stanley Kidd and G. F. Dingemans became founding professors of Rhodes University College. [9]

At the beginning of 1905, Rhodes moved from cramped quarters at St Andrew's to the Drostdy building, which it bought from the British Government. Rhodes became a constituent college of the new University of South Africa in 1918 and it continued to expand in size. When the future of the University of South Africa came under review in 1947, Rhodes opted to become an independent university.

Rhodes University was inaugurated on 10 March 1951. Sir Basil Schonland, son of Selmar Schonland, became the first chancellor of his alma mater, and Dr. Thomas Alty the first vice-chancellor. In terms of the Rhodes University Private Act, the University College of Fort Hare was affiliated to Rhodes University. This mutually beneficial arrangement continued until the apartheid government decided to disaffiliate Fort Hare from Rhodes. The Rhodes Senate and Council objected strongly to this, and to the Separate University Education Bill, which they condemned as interference with academic freedom. However, the two bills were passed, and Fort Hare's affiliation to Rhodes came to an end in 1959. Nevertheless, in 1962 an honorary doctorate was conferred on the state president, C. R. Swart, who (as Minister of Justice after 1948) had been responsible for the repression of opposition political organisations. The award caused the resignation of the chancellor, Sir Basil Schonland, although his reasons were not made public at the time. [10]

James Hyslop succeeded Alty in 1963. In 1971, Rhodes negotiated to purchase the closed teacher training college run by the sisters of the Community of the Resurrection of our Lord including the buildings and grounds and a number of adjacent buildings, facilitating further expansion.

The original Rhodes coat of arms Rhodes University logo-no background.png
The original Rhodes coat of arms
Kimberley Hall is currently one of nine halls on campus. Rhodes Kimb.jpg
Kimberley Hall is currently one of nine halls on campus.
The new Eden Grove building at Rhodes University. Rhodes University Eden Grove.jpg
The new Eden Grove building at Rhodes University.

Campus

During 2008 work began on construction of a new library building at a cost of R85 million, one of the largest infrastructure projects undertaken by the university, and was completed in 2010.

Organisation and administration

Faculties and Schools

Rhodes has six faculties, listed below:

The six faculties are further subdivided into 30 academic departments, of which 11 form part of the humanities faculty. The humanities faculty, being the largest in the university, consists of 40% of the student intake of undergraduate and postgraduate studies, enrolling 2669 students as of 2009. [11]

Law Clinic

Rhodes University operates a Law Clinic, which operates as a firm of attorneys providing training to law students and free legal services for indigent people. [12] The Law Clinic operates from two offices, one in Makhanda and one in Komani. The Law Clinic came to national attention in July 2013 when it represented 15 members of Nelson Mandela's family in their litigation against Mandla Mandela (Nelson Mandela's grandson) concerning the location of family grave sites. [13] [14]

Academics

Rhodes is a small, highly residential university. For most undergraduates, first and second years of study are done while living in campus residences.[ citation needed ]

Rhodes' academic program operates on a semester calendar, beginning in early-February to early-June, and the second semester beginning in late-July and ending late-November.

Undergraduate tuition for the first year of study in 2011 towards a Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science degree was R26,590 and R27,720, respectively, and the cost of board was between R35,700 and R37,600. [15]

Student body

Rhodes admitted 1592 students in 2012.

The tables below show the racial and gender composition of the university for that year.

Racial composition of student body (2012) [16]
UndergraduatePostgraduateEastern CapeSouth Africa
Black 54%49%86.3%79.6%
Coloured 4%3%8.3%9%
White 38%44%4.7%8.9%
Asian 4%4%0.4%2.5%
Gender composition of student body (2012) [17]
BlackColouredWhiteAsianAll studentsSouth Africa
Female61%67%53%61%58%51%
Male39%33%47%39%42%49%

SARChi Chairs

Rhodes holds fourteen of the national research chairs appointed under the South African Research Chairs Initiative. This accounts for approximately 7% of the total awarded nationally in South Africa, a significant proportion given the university's small size. [18]

Research bodies

Student life

Vis, virtus, veritas RhodesUniversityVisVirtusVeritas2018.jpg
Vis, virtus, veritas

Halls of residence

Media

There are three student newspapers, Activate, The Oppidan Press and Cue, which has been published daily during the National Arts Festival held in Makhanda every year for several decades. Activate celebrated its 65th birthday in 2012, while The Oppidan Press was only first published in 2007 with its target readership being mainly Oppidans. The journal Philosophical Papers is edited in the department of philosophy.

Ranking

University rankings
Global – Overall
QS World [21] 801-1000 (2021)

In 2011, the Webometrics Ranking of World Universities ranked the Rhodes 5th in South Africa and 700th in the world. [22]

Times Higher Education Ranking 2023 to 2024
YearWorld Rank
2023801–1000
[23] [24]

Notable alumni and staff

In academia, Old Rhodian Max Theiler was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research in virology in 1951. [25]

Notable alumni: general

Notable alumni: journalists, media celebrities in South Africa

One of the most well-known departments on the Rhodes campus is the university's school of Journalism and Media Studies, through which many of South Africa's most notable media celebrities have passed. There are also an especially high number of radio celebrities who graduated at Rhodes – many of them having spent time with the university's campus radio station Rhodes Music Radio.

Notable staff

Name controversy

The university's name references Cecil Rhodes, a British businessman who heavily aided British imperial interests in South Africa, which led to controversy starting in 2015. Protests held that year by Rhodes Must Fall led to the University of Cape Town removing a statue of Rhodes, and similar protests against Rhodes' legacy occurred at Rhodes University. Some students and outlets started referring to it as "The University Currently Known As Rhodes". [29] [30] In 2015 the university council undertook to determine whether or not the institution should change its name, as well as consider several other ways it could deal with the issues. [31]

In 2017, the Rhodes University Council voted 15–9 in favour of keeping the existing name. [32] [33] While the university agreed with critics that "[it] cannot be disputed that Cecil John Rhodes was an arch-imperialist and white supremacist who treated people of this region as sub-human", it also said it had long since distanced itself from the person and had distinguished itself with the name Rhodes University as one of the world's best. The main argument against the change was financial, as such a change would cost a significant amount of money and the university was already having trouble with its budget. Furthermore, changing the university's name could have an adverse effect on its recognition internationally. [34]

See also

Related Research Articles

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Selmar Schonland, originally spelt Schönland, the founder of the Department of Botany at Rhodes University, was a German immigrant, who came to the Eastern part of the Cape Colony in 1889 to take up an appointment as curator of the Albany Museum. He came to Grahamstown via a doctorate at the University of Hamburg and a post at Oxford University. Working under Prof. Sir Isaac Bayley Balfour and Prof. Sydney Howard Vines, he developed an interest in the family Crassulaceae and contributed an account of this group to Engler & Prantl's Natürl. Pflanzenfamilien.

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The Rhodes University Library is a library located in Makhanda, under the Makana municipality. It was initially established in 1937 in the Clock Tower building of Rhodes University College.

Catriona Ida Macleod is a South African researcher. She is a distinguished professor of psychology, SARChI Chair of Critical Studies in Sexualities and Reproduction, and previous Head of the Psychology Department at Rhodes University. Her research focuses on sexual and reproductive health and feminist theory in psychology. Her book "Adolescence", Pregnancy, and Abortion: Constructing a threat of degeneration received the Distinguished Publication Award by the Association for Women in Psychology. Since 2013, she has been editor-in-chief of the international journal Feminism & Psychology.

References

  1. ↑ Annual Reports and Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended 31 December 2008 (PDF). Rhodes University. p. 31. Retrieved 4 February 2011.[ dead link ]
  2. 1 2 3 4 Digest of Statistics Version 14: 2010 (PDF). Rhodes University. 2010. pp. A1, G7. Retrieved 29 November 2011.[ dead link ]
  3. ↑ "CHE | Council on Higher Education | Regulatory body for Higher Education in South Africa | Education | Innovation | University | South Africa". che.ac.za. Archived from the original on 24 May 2020. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
  4. ↑ Brief History – UFS was established 28 January 1904 Retrieved 28 April 2011 Archived 2 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ↑ "University of the Witwatersrand". uniRank™. Archived from the original on 1 September 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2018.
  6. ↑ "Universiteit Stellenbosch". uniRank™. Archived from the original on 1 September 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2018.
  7. ↑ "University of Cape Town". uniRank™. Archived from the original on 1 September 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2018.
  8. ↑ "Rhodes University (RU/ Rhodes) – Education Magazine". Education Mag. 10 January 2017. Archived from the original on 5 January 2020. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
  9. ↑ "Rhodes University: History | SARUA". sarua.org. Archived from the original on 11 September 2016. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
  10. ↑ Badat, Saleem. "Dr". Vice Chancellor. Rhodes University. Archived from the original on 18 August 2014. Retrieved 22 February 2014.
  11. ↑ "Rhodes University". Ru.ac.za. 18 July 2011. Archived from the original on 11 July 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
  12. ↑ "Rhodes University". Ru.ac.za. Archived from the original on 27 July 2013. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
  13. ↑ Evans, Sarah (24 July 2013). "Rhodes Law Clinic defends decision to fund 'indigent' Mandelas". The M&G Online. Archived from the original on 27 July 2013. Retrieved 21 May 2015.
  14. ↑ Mgaqelwa, Abongile (19 July 2013). "Mandela burials fight blights 95th birthday". Times LIVE. Archived from the original on 24 July 2013. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
  15. ↑ "The lowdown on higher education". Times Live. 18 September 2011. Archived from the original on 21 May 2015. Retrieved 29 October 2011.
  16. ↑ "Digest of Statistics, Version 17: 2013" (PDF). Digest of Statistics. Rhodes University. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 January 2016. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
  17. ↑ "Digest of Statistics, Version 17: 2013" (PDF). Digest of Statistics. Rhodes University. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 January 2016. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
  18. ↑ "Rhodes celebrates new prestigious SARChI Chairs". Rhodes University. Archived from the original on 21 October 2014. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
  19. ↑ "Centre for Biological Control". Rhodes University. 22 August 2014. Archived from the original on 26 October 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2021.
  20. ↑ Mostert, Esther; Weaver, Kim (eds.). "Centre for Biological Control Annual Report 2019" (PDF). Centre for Biological Control, Rhodes University. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 October 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2021.
  21. ↑ [QS ranking 2021 https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2021 Archived 9 June 2020 at the Wayback Machine ]
  22. ↑ "Top Africa". Ranking Web of World Universities. Archived from the original on 4 October 2009. Retrieved 26 February 2010.
  23. ↑ "World University Rankings 2024 (South Africa)". Times Higher Education (THE). 20 October 2024. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
  24. ↑ "World University Rankings 2023 (South Africa)". Times Higher Education (THE). 20 October 2023. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
  25. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1951". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
  26. ↑ Davies, Marc (September 2017). "'Black Excellence' -- Praise For Standard Bank's First Sole Black CEO Sim Tshabalala". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 10 November 2018. Retrieved 9 November 2018.
  27. ↑ "Mr Eusebius McKaiser (Emerging Old Rhodian Award)". Rhodes University. 2 May 2013. Archived from the original on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
  28. ↑ Gregory de Mink (8 August 2012). "On air for 31 years and counting". Grocott's Mail. Archived from the original on 26 October 2015. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
  29. ↑ Rhodes University not changing its name yet Archived 24 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine , News 24
  30. ↑ Rhodes University Will Not Change Its Name And People Are Outraged Archived 24 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine , Huffington Post
  31. ↑ Rhodes Uni Council approves talks for possible name change Archived 10 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine , South Africa Breaking News
  32. ↑ Name change for Rhodes University rejected Archived 24 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine , Times Live
  33. ↑ Rhodes University votes to keep its name Archived 24 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine , Business Live
  34. ↑ No name change for Rhodes University following council vote Archived 24 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine , Mail & Guardian

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