| Roraiman barbtail | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Furnariidae |
| Genus: | Roraimia Chapman, 1929 |
| Species: | R. adusta |
| Binomial name | |
| Roraimia adusta | |
 | |
| Synonyms | |
Synallaxis adusta | |
The Roraiman barbtail (Roraimia adusta) is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela. [2]
The Roraiman barbtail is the only member of its genus. Beyond that its taxonomy is unsettled. The International Ornithological Committee and BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World assign it these four subspecies: [2] [3]
However, the Clements taxonomy does not recognize R. a. mayri but includes it within R. a. adusta. [4]
At various times the Roraiman barbtail has been treated as a member of genus Margarornis and as a subspecies of the stripe-breasted spinetail (Synallaxis cinnamomea). Multiple genetic studies refute those treatments and support its placement in a unique genus. [5] [6]
The species' English name and specific epithet derive from Mount Roraima, a prominent feature straddling the borders of Venezuela, Brazil, and Guyana, and where the type specimen was apparently collected. [7]
This article follows the four-subspecies model.
The Roraiman barbtail is 14 to 15 cm (5.5 to 5.9 in) long and weighs 14 to 20 g (0.49 to 0.71 oz). It is a dramatically patterned furnariid that resembles a Margarornis treerunner but is unique in its range. The sexes have the same plumage. Adults of the nominate subspecies R. a. adusta have dark blackish brown lores and ear coverts and a wide bright chestnut supercilium that extends around the nape. Their forehead is bright chestnut, their crown dark brown, and their upperparts chestnut. Their tail is also chestnut; the feathers lack barbs at the end giving a spiky appearance. Their wing coverts are dusky brown with chestnut edges and their flight feathers are brown with a chestnut tinge. Their chin and cheeks are white with a creamy tinge on the lower throat. Their underparts are streaked brown and buff that fade towards the vent area. Their flanks are dark reddish brown and their undertail coverts rufescent brown with reddish streaks. Their iris is brown, their maxilla black, their mandible pale with a black outer third, and their legs and feet brownish gray. Juveniles have much less of a supercilium than adults and a less reddish back and less distinct streaks on their underparts. [6] [8]
Subspecies R. a. obscurodorsalis is darker overall than the nominate and has blackish edges on the feathers of its back. R. a. duidae has slightly brighter upperparts and a less reddish supercilium than the nominate. R. a. mayri has a browner, less chestnut, back than the nominate. [6]
The Roraiman barbtail is found in the tepui region where Venezuela, Guyana, and Brazil meet. The subspecies are found thus: [2] [6]
The Roraiman barbtail inhabits humid montane evergreen forest and elfin forest both primary and secondary. It favors landscapes with much moss and epiphytes. In elevation it overall ranges from 1,000 to 2,500 m (3,300 to 8,200 ft) but in Brazil is found above 1,200 m (3,900 ft). [6] [8]
The Roraiman barbtail is a year-round resident throughout its range. [6]
The Roraiman barbtail feeds on arthropods. It usually forages singly or in pairs and regularly joins mixed-species feeding flocks. It forages in undergrowth, seldom more than about 6 m (20 ft) above the ground. It gleans prey from moss and epiphytes while hitching and creeping up trunks and along branches and vines. [6]
Nothing is known about the Roraiman barbtail's breeding biology. [6]
The Roraiman barbtail's song is " 7–8 clear notes that ascend rapidly, 'tee-tee-tee-teuu-teuu-tuutuu' ". [6] Its call is a "very high, inquiring 'whit?' ". [8]
The IUCN has assessed the Roraiman barbtail as being of Least Concern. Its population size is not known but is believed to be stable. No immediate threats have been identified. [1] It has a fragmented range and is considered generally uncommon but "[r]ather difficult to detect [and] possibly overlooked". It is "[w]ell protected in Canaima National Park, in Venezuela". [6]
The plain-brown woodcreeper, is a sub-oscine passerine bird in subfamily Dendrocolaptinae of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in the tropical New World from Honduras through South America to central Brazil and in Trinidad and Tobago.
The streaked xenops is a passerine bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in the New World from Costa Rica and Trinidad south to Bolivia and Argentina.
The peacock coquette is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela.
The streak-throated hermit, also known as the Rupurumi hermit, is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, and Venezuela.
The sharp-tailed streamcreeper,, is a passerine bird of South America in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. Alternate names include streamside Lochmias, sharp-tailed creeper, and simply streamcreeper. It is found in Panama and every mainland South American country except Chile, French Guiana, and Suriname.
The tepui foliage-gleaner, also known as the white-throated foliage-gleaner, is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Brazil, Guyana and Venezuela.
The chestnut-crowned foliage-gleaner is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
The tepui spinetail is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela.
The rusty-backed spinetail is a Neotropical species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Paraguay, Peru, Venezuela, and possibly Guyana.
The flutist wren is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is restricted to humid highland forest in the Tepui region of northern Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela.
The white-throated barbtail is an Endangered species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is endemic to Venezuela.
The rusty-winged barbtail is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The short-billed leaftosser is a species of bird in the subfamily Sclerurinae, the leaftossers and miners, of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
The tepui wren is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is found in Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela, where it inhabits high tablelands called tepuis.
The chestnut-rumped woodcreeper is a species of bird in the subfamily Dendrocolaptinae of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.
The straight-billed woodcreeper is a species of bird in the subfamily Dendrocolaptinae of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Panama, on Trindad, and in every mainland South American country except Chile, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay.
The masked trogon is a species of bird in the family Trogonidae. It is fairly common in humid highland forests in South America, mainly the Andes and tepuis.
The tepui toucanet or Whitely's toucanet is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Brazil, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.
The copper-tailed hummingbird is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Brazil, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, and as a vagrant in French Guiana.
The dusky leaftosser or South American leaftosser is a bird in subfamily Sclerurinae, the leaftossers and miners, of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Giana, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
