Satureja

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Satureja
Satureja montana0.jpg
Winter savory, Satureja montana
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Lamiaceae
Subfamily: Nepetoideae
Tribe: Mentheae
Genus: Satureja
L.
Synonyms [1]
  • ThymbraMill. 1754 not L. 1753
  • SaturiastrumFourr.
  • EuhesperidaBrullo & Furnari
  • ArgantoniellaG.López & R.Morales

Satureja is a genus of aromatic plants of the family Lamiaceae, related to rosemary and thyme. It is native to southern and southeastern Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, and Central Asia. Historically, Satureja was defined broadly and many species of the subtribe Menthinae from throughout the world were included in it. In the modern cladistic era of botany, Satureja was redefined to a narrower monophyletic genus who's species are all native to Eurasia. [2] [3] Several species are cultivated as culinary herbs called savory, and they have become established in the wild in a few places. [1] [4]

Contents

Description

Satureja species may be annual or perennial. They are low-growing herbs and subshrubs, reaching heights of 15–50 cm (5.9–19.7 in).

The leaves are 1–3 cm (0.39–1.18 in) long, with flowers forming in whorls on the stem, white to pale pink-violet.

Ecology and cultivation

Satureja species are food plants for the larva of some Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths). Caterpillars of the moth Coleophora bifrondella feed exclusively on winter savory (S. montana).

Savory may be grown purely for ornamental purposes; members of the genus need sun and well-drained soil.

Uses

Dried summer savory leaves Bonenkruid-spice.jpg
Dried summer savory leaves

Both summer savory (Satureja hortensis) and winter savory (Satureja montana) are used to flavor food. The former is preferred by cooks but as an annual is only available in summer; winter savory is an evergreen perennial.

Savory plays an important part in Persian, Armenian, Georgian, Bulgarian and Italian cuisine, particularly when cooking beans. It is also used to season the traditional Acadian stew known as fricot . The modern spice mixture Herbes de Provence has savory as one of the principal ingredients.

In Azerbaijan, savory is often incorporated as a flavoring in black tea.

Species

Satureja subspicata Satureja subspicata, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Scotland, GB, IMG 3779 edit.jpg
Satureja subspicata

Source: [1]

Formerly in Satureja

Etymology

The etymology of the Latin word "satureia" is unclear. Speculation that it is related to saturare, [8] to satyr , [8] or to za'atar [9] is not well supported. The ancient Hebrew name is Tzatrah צתרה.

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 "Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families".
  2. Doroszenko, Anton Mykola (1986). "Taxonomic studies on the Satureja complex (Labiatae)" (PDF). University of Edinburgh. Archived from the original on 2023-06-24.
  3. Cantino, Philip D; Wagstaff, Steven J (1998). "A reexamination of North American Satureja s.l. (Lamiaceae) in light of molecular evidence" (PDF). Brittonia. 50 (1): 63–70. doi:10.2307/2807719. JSTOR   2807719.
  4. Altervista Flora Italiana, genere Satureja includes photos plus distribution maps for Europe + North America
  5. 1 2 Moradi, Shirin; Sadeghi, Ehsan (2017). "Study of the antimicrobial effects of essential oil of Satureja edmondi and nisin on Staphylococcus aureus in commercial soup". Journal of Food Processing and Preservation. 41 (4): e13337. doi: 10.1111/jfpp.13337 .
  6. Hazrati, Hossein; Saharkhiz, Mohammad Jamal; Niakousari, Mehrdad; Moein, Mahmoodreza (August 2017). "Natural herbicide activity of Satureja hortensis L. essential oil nanoemulsion on the seed germination and morphophysiological features of two important weed species". Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 142: 423–430. Bibcode:2017EcoES.142..423H. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.04.041. ISSN   1090-2414. PMID   28456128.
  7. 1 2 Abbasloo, Elham; Denhgan, Mohammad; Najafipour, Hamid; Vahidi, Reza; Dabiri, Shahriar; Sepehri, Gholamreza; Asadikaram, Gholamreza (September 21, 2016). "The anti-inflammatory properties of Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad essential oil attenuate the effects of traumatic brain injuries in rats". Scientific Reports. 6 (31866): 31866. Bibcode:2016NatSR...631866A. doi:10.1038/srep31866. PMC   4989136 . PMID   27535591.
  8. 1 2 F. E. J. Valpy, An Etymological Dictionary of the Latin Language, 1828, p. 542.
  9. DeBaggio, Thomas; Tucker, Arthur O. (2009). The encyclopedia of herbs : a comprehensive reference to herbs of flavor and fragrance (2nd ed.). Timber Press. ISBN   978-0881929942.

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