Sunnyside (Tarrytown, New York)

Sunnyside
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. National Historic Landmark
New York State Register of Historic Places
View from the south (2012)
Show map of New York Show map of the United States
Location	West Sunnyside Lane Tarrytown, New York [1]
Nearest city	White Plains
Coordinates	41°02′51.2″N73°52′11.6″W / 41.047556°N 73.869889°W / 41.047556; -73.869889
Area	10 acres (4 ha)
Built	1835
Architect	George Harvey
Architectural style	Dutch Colonial Revival, Scottish Gothic, Tudor Revival, Romantic
NRHP reference No.	66000583
NYSRHP No.	11950.000325
Significant dates
Added to NRHP	October 15, 1966 [2]
Designated NHL	December 29, 1962 [3]
Designated NYSRHP	June 23, 1980

Sunnyside (1835) is an historic house on 10 acres (4 ha) along the Hudson River, in Tarrytown, New York. It was the home of the American author Washington Irving, best known for his short stories, such as "Rip Van Winkle" (1819) and "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" (1820).

This cottage-like estate, designated a National Historic Landmark in 1962, ^[4] reflects Dutch Colonial Revival, Scottish Gothic, and Tudor Revival influences, ^[5] with its wisteria-covered entrance and jagged crow-stepped gable.

History

An artist's depiction of the part of Wolfert Acker's former estate that was sold to Washington Irving, who called it "Wolfert's Roost" before turning it into Sunnyside

In some sense, Sunnyside began almost 200 years before Irving with Wolfert Acker (sometimes spelled Wolfert Eckert), a Dutch-American inhabitant of the region. His property, Wolfert's Roost, was part of the Manor of Philipsburg. Among other buildings, Wolfert's Roost contained a simple two-room stone tenant farmhouse, ^[5] built about 1650. ^[6]

The property came into the hands of the Van Tassel family, who were married into the Eckert family and owned it until 1802. That year, 150 acres (61 ha) were deeded to the family of Benson Ferris, one-time clerk of the Old Dutch Church of Sleepy Hollow, whose wife, Maria Acker, was a descendant of Wolfert Acker's. ^[7] Irving would immortalize the Van Tassel family name in his short story "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" (1820). ^[8]

Irving

Washington Irving and his Literary Friends at Sunnyside, by Christian Schussele (1864)

In 1832, Washington Irving visited his nephew Oscar Irving who lived near the old stone farmhouse. ^[9] Irving had recently undertaken a substantial trip through the prairies of the Arkansas and Mississippi Rivers, and the frontier lifestyle made him lament his lack of a home of his own. ^[10] He was also frustrated because he had lived most of his adult life as a guest in other people's homes. ^[9] As Irving wrote, he was eager for a home and was "willing to pay a little unreasonably for it". ^[11] Irving finally purchased the property on June 7, 1835, for $1,800; ^[12] he would later, through the years, add to the property to expand the estate.

Irving wrote a story, "Wolfert's Roost", about Acker and the site. In a letter to his brother Peter, he described it as "a beautiful spot, capable of being made a little paradise... I have had an architect up there, and shall build upon the old mansion this summer. My idea is to make a little nookery somewhat in the Dutch style, quaint, but unpretending. It will be of stone." ^[7] Irving requested that his friend and neighbor, English-born painter George Harvey, ^[13] become his aesthetic collaborator and foreman in the house's subsequent remodeling and enlargement, and the landscaping of the grounds in Romantic style, which included creating a pond Irving called "The Little Mediterranean", with a waterfall that led to a babbling serpentine brook.

The result is a "cottage" that was widely known even at the time, appearing in Harper's Weekly and in guidebooks to the area. ^[5] Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. said that Sunnyside stood "next to Mount Vernon, the best known and most cherished of all the dwellings in our land." ^[14] The public interest in the home, and in Irving, America's first literary star, drew numerous visitors throughout the year, hoping to catch a glimpse of Irving working. Irving's neighbor Nathaniel Parker Willis joked, "Could not Sunny-side 'pay' to be got ready for a boarding-house?" ^[15]

In 1842, Irving accepted a nomination as Ambassador to the Court of Isabella II of Spain. He left Sunnyside in the care of his brother Ebenezer, who lived there with his four grown daughters, who supervised the running of the household. Irving wrote of his appointment, "The only drawback upon all this is the hard trial of tearing myself away from dear little Sunnyside." ^[16] He returned to New York on September 19, 1846. ^[17] Shortly after his return, in 1847, he added to the cottage the "Spanish Tower", influenced by Spanish monastic architecture and the Alhambra in Granada. ^[5] It added four bedrooms to the house.

In his late years at Sunnyside, Irving completed what he considered his "crowning effort", a five-volume biography of his namesake, George Washington, which the author completed only weeks before his death. ^[18] Irving died of a heart attack in his bedroom at Sunnyside on November 28, 1859, at age 76. ^[19]

Name

Sunnyside, Currier and Ives, c.1860

According to historical linguist Laura Wright in her book Sunnyside: A Sociolinguistic History of British House Names (2020), Irving came across the name "Sunnyside" on an 1816 visit to Sir Walter Scott's castle Abbotsford. Nearby there was a farm on a hill called "Sunnyside". ^[20]

Museum

The Irving family continued to inhabit the cottage until 1945, when Louis Irving sold it to John D. Rockefeller Jr., ^[5] who purchased it as part of his efforts in historic preservation. It was restored – including tearing down a Victorian style northern addition – and was opened to the public in 1947.

Sunnyside is now operated as a museum by Historic Hudson Valley, which charges an admission fee. Tours are led by guides in period costume. ^[19] The museum contains a large collection of Irving's original furnishings and accessories; in particular, all furniture and most accessories in his writer's study are original. The study, dining room, parlor, kitchen, as well as most bedrooms, are open to the public and contain many of the original furnishings owned by the Irving family, with some period-appropriate furnishings from other sources.

Sunnyside was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1962. ^{[3] [21]}

Other sites

There is a partial replica of Sunnyside in the Washington Irving Memorial Park and Arboretum in Bixby, Oklahoma, with a statue of Irving seated on the side porch.

A replica of the house stands at Liberty Square at The Walt Disney World Resort's Magic Kingdom; the building serves as a quick service restaurant. ^[22]

Gallery

• 
  Irving's study
• 
  The "Spanish Tower", added in 1847, contains four bedrooms
• 
  The stepped-gabled west facade of the house, which faces the Hudson River, with the porch – which Irving called his "piazza" – beyond it. It is uncertain why Irving put "1656" at the top of the wall, since the original cottage dates from the 1690s.

See also

• List of National Historic Landmarks in New York
• National Register of Historic Places listings in northern Westchester County, New York
• Sleepy Hollow (disambiguation)
• Washington Irving Memorial

References

Notes

1. Although the neighboring village of Irvington was named after Washington Irving, and Sunnyside was long considered to be located there, Tarrytown incorporated first, in 1870, two years before Irvington did, and when the boundaries were drawn, Sunnyside ended up on the Tarrytown side of the line. "Sunnyside, Washington Irving Residence" on the Irvington Historical Society website
2. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places . National Park Service. January 23, 2007.
3. "Sunnyside (Washington Irving's Home)". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. September 18, 2007. Archived from the original on August 5, 2009.
4. National Historic Landmarks Survey, New York (PDF). National Park Service . Retrieved June 4, 2007.
5. "Sunnyside, Washington Irving Residence" on the Irvington Historical Society website
6. Bolton, Robert A history of the county of Westchester, from its first settlement to the present time. New York: Printed by A.S. Gould, 1848. p. 191-192
7. Burstein, 280
8. Schmidt, Shannon McKenna and Joni Rendon. Novel Destinations: Literary Landmarks from Jane Austen's Bath to Ernest Hemingway's Key West. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic, 2008: 84. ISBN   978-1-4262-0277-3
9. Jones, 299
10. Burstein, 272
11. Burstein, 273
12. Jones, 320
13. Olsen, Roberta J. M. "George Harvey's Anglo-American atmospheric landscapes" Antiques (October 2009)
14. Kime (1977), p.151
15. Kime (1977), p.153
16. Jones, 342–343
17. Jones, 379
18. Schmidt, Shannon McKenna and Joni Rendon. Novel Destinations: Literary Landmarks from Jane Austen's Bath to Ernest Hemingway's Key West. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic, 2008: 86. ISBN   978-1-4262-0277-3
19. Schmidt, Shannon McKenna and Joni Rendon. Novel Destinations: Literary Landmarks from Jane Austen's Bath to Ernest Heminway's Key West. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic, 2008: 86. ISBN   978-1-4262-0277-3
20. Knight, Sam (March 28, 2020) "What Do the Names of British Houses Mean?" The New Yorker
21. Richard Greenwood (July 18, 1975). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Sunnyside (Home of Washington Irving)". National Park Service.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) and Accompanying 8 photos, exterior, from 1975.  (3.17 MB)
22. "Sleepy Hollow". Walt Disney World. Disney Parks & Travel. Retrieved July 29, 2014.

Bibliography

• Burstein, Andrew. The Original Knickerbocker: The Life of Washington Irving. New York: Basic Books, 2007. ISBN   978-0-465-00853-7
• Jones, Brian Jay. Washington Irving: An American Original. New York: Arcade Publishing, 2008. ISBN   978-1-55970-836-4
• Kime, Wayne R. Pierre M. Irving and Washington Irving: A Collaboration in Life and Letters. Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1977. ISBN   0889200564

Further reading

• Dwyer, Michael Middleton (ed.) Great Houses of the Hudson River, preface by Mark Rockefeller, Boston, MA: Little, Brown and Company, published in association with Historic Hudson Valley, 2001. ISBN   082122767X.

External links

• Sunnyside at Historic Hudson Valley
• Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) No. NY-5637, " Sunnyside, U.S. Route 9, Tarrytown, Westchester County, NY ", 11 photos, 9 measured drawings, supplemental material