Tephroseris palustris

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Tephroseris palustris
Senecio spec.jpg
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Tephroseris
Species:
T. palustris
Binomial name
Tephroseris palustris
(L.) Schrenk ex Rchb.
Range map-Senecio congestus-World.svg
Range of T. palustris
Synonyms
List
  • Cineraria congestaR. Br.
  • Cineraria palustris(L.) L.
  • Cineraria unctuosaGilib.
  • Heloseris palustris(L.) Rchb. ex Nyman
  • Othonna palustrisL.
  • Senecio arcticusRupr.
  • Senecio congestus(R.Br.) DC.
  • Senecio gracillimusC.Winkl.
  • Senecio kalmiiLess.
  • Senecio palustris(L.) Hook.
  • Senecio tubicaulisMansf.
  • Senecio villosusKostel.

Tephroseris palustris, also known by its common names swamp ragwort, northern swamp groundsel, marsh fleabane, marsh fleawort, clustered marsh ragwort and mastodon flower, a herbaceous species of the family Asteraceae. It can be seen most easily when its bright yellow umbel flowers appear from May to early July standing 3 to 4 feet (0.9 to 1.2 m) along marshes, stream banks and slough areas where it likes to grow. [1] [2] [3]

Contents

Description

Tephroseris palustris can be an annual or biennial and perhaps rarely perennial, depending on the conditions. [4] A villous broad leafed plant with a single [5] hollow stem and favoring mud flats like Marsh Groundsel ( Senecio hydrophilus ) but not alike in that marsh ragwort cannot tolerate alkaline sites nor standing water. [6]

In the early stages of growth, the leaves, stem, and flower heads are all covered with translucent hairs, producing a "greenhouse effect" close to the surface of the plant, essentially extending the growing season by a few vital days by allowing the sun to warm the tissues, and preventing the heat from escaping. [7]

Leaves and stems: An erect plant [5] standing 6 to 60 inches (15 to 150 cm) tall, S. congestus varies as much in stature as it does in the distribution and the persistence of its tomentum (the closely matted or fine hairs on plant leaves). [4] Sparse to dense villous stems are more hollow towards the base; [6] hairs that are white, light yellowish, or reddish brown. [4] Basal and cauline [4] leaf edges mostly toothless or with a few coarse teeth [5] that sometimes wither before flowering. [4] The leaves all basically similar in shape, oblong with the lower ones often spatulate, 1.6 to 8 inches (4 to 20 cm) long, 0.2 to 2.5 in (0.5 to 6 cm) wide, with the basal leaves occasionally larger, glabrous or villous in patches, rounded at the tips, toothed, often deciduous with clasping bases. [6]

Flowers: "Congested" clusters of several to many pale yellow flower heads [6] that sometimes appear tubular and incompletely opened. [4] a branched inflorescence, [5] with 13 to more than 21 flower heads per stalk. Each flower head is ¼ to ½ inch (6 to 13 mm) across and 0.16 to 0.4 inch (0.4 to 10 mm) in length, [4] with small but obvious rays [5] in a corolla laminae surrounded by (usually) 21 green or yellowish green, pink tipped bracts [4] which can be scarious toward the tips. [6]

Seeds: Tephroseris palustris produces strongly accrescent [6] one-seeded, one-celled, [4] 1.5 to 2.5 millimetres long [6] dry achenes [5] on very fine & numerous, [6] white or dirty white, [4] fluffy, [5] pappus bristles. [6] The seeds have been shown to survive in the soil for more than a year but less than 5 years, the maximum longevity unknown. [8]

Roots: Fibrous and without a tap root. [6]

Distribution

Tephroseris palustris grows in areas that have freezing winters [9] and in moist to wet soils, such as damp meadows, swamps, sandy pond edges [5] and roadside ditches [10] at altitudes of 0 to 3,300 feet (1,000 m) [4] It is the most common annual plant species in the eastern Canadian Arctic. [7]

Native [9] [11]
America
North America: Alaska, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wisconsin, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Labrador, Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut
Asia
Northwestern Asia: Astrakhan Oblast, Bashkortostan, Belgorod Oblast, Bryansk Oblast, Chuvashia, Franz Josef Land, Kalmykia, Kaluga Oblast, Kirov Oblast or Vyatka, Kursk Oblast, Lipetsk Oblast, Mordovia, Novgorod Oblast, Novaya Zemlya, Orenburg Oblast, Penza Oblast, Perm Krai, Pskov Oblast, Rostov Oblast, Ryazan Oblast, Saint Petersburg, Samara Oblast, Saratov Oblast, Tambov Oblast, Tatarstan, Tula Oblast, Ulyanovsk Oblast, Udmurtia, Volgograd Oblast, Voronezh Oblast
Europe
Northern Europe: Denmark, Estonia, Latvia, Sweden
Middle Europe: Czech Republic, Poland
East Europe: Belarus, Kaliningrad Oblast, Lithuania, Ukraine
West Europe: France, Luxembourg, Netherlands
Southeastern Europe: Croatia
Current [9] [11]
America
North America: Alaska, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wisconsin, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Labrador, Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut
Asia
Northwestern Asia: Astrakhan Oblast, Bashkortostan, Belgorod Oblast, Bryansk Oblast, Chuvashia, Franz Joseph Land, Kalmykia, Kaluga Oblast, Kirov Oblast or Vyatka, Kursk Oblast, Lipetsk Oblast, Mordovia, Novgorod Oblast, Novaya Zemlya, Orenburg Oblast, Penza Oblast, Perm Krai, Pskov Oblast, Rostov Oblast, Ryazan Oblast, Saint Petersburg, Samara Oblast, Saratov Oblast, Tambov Oblast, Tatarstan, Tula Oblast, Ulyanovsk Oblast, Udmurtia, Volgograd Oblast, Voronezh Oblast
Europe
Northern Europe: Denmark, Estonia (decreasing), Latvia, Sweden
Middle Europe: Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia
East Europe: Belarus, Kaliningrad Oblast, Lithuania, Ukraine
West Europe: Belgium, France, Luxembourg, Netherlands
Southeastern Europe: Croatia
Southwestern Europe: Andorra, Gibraltar, Spain
Range maps

Noxiousness and toxicity

Toxicity: Marsh ragwort is considered a vegetable and safe for human consumption; [12] the young leaves and flowering stems of Senecio congestus can be eaten raw as salad, cooked as a potherb or made into a "sauerkraut", [13]

Noxiousness: Tephroseris palustris appears on a list of North Dakota plants to be monitored, [3] however, it tends to be more of a plant that the presence of which indicates severe disturbance such as over-foraging and hyper-salinity, as is the case of the habitats of arctic geese where the forage plants are disappearing. Two locations are mentioned by United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) having problems from the ever-expanding populations of arctic geese [14] and one from the Arctic Institute of North America of the University of Calgary [15] or from an unpublished report from the Canadian Wildlife Service made available by the USFWS: [16]

Tephroseris palustris is reported to be extirpated in Michigan. [9]

Related Research Articles

<i>Senecio</i> Genus of flowering plants in the daisy family Asteraceae

Senecio is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family (Asteraceae) that includes ragworts and groundsels.

<i>Jacobaea vulgaris</i> Species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae

Jacobaea vulgaris, syn. Senecio jacobaea, is a very common wild flower in the family Asteraceae that is native to northern Eurasia, usually in dry, open places, and has also been widely distributed as a weed elsewhere.

<i>Senecio vulgaris</i> Species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae

Senecio vulgaris, often known by the common names groundsel and old-man-in-the-spring, is a flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is an annual herb, native to Europe and widely naturalised as a ruderal species in suitable disturbed habitats worldwide.

<i>Jacobaea maritima</i> Species of flowering plant

Jacobaea maritima, commonly known as silver ragwort, is a perennial plant species in the genus Jacobaea in the family Asteraceae, native to the Mediterranean region. It was formerly placed in the genus Senecio, and is still widely referred to as Senecio cineraria; see the list of synonyms (right) for other names.

<i>Senecio cambrensis</i> Species of flowering plant

Senecio cambrensis is a flowering plant of the family Asteraceae. It is endemic to Great Britain and currently known only from North Wales. It is a recently evolved plant that arose as a result of hybridization between two related species.

<i>Senecio ampullaceus</i> Species of plant

Senecio ampullaceus, also known as Texas ragwort, Texas squaw-weed, Texas groundsel, and Texas butterweed, is a species of Senecio in the family Asteraceae, receiving its Latin name ampullaceus from its flask shaped flower-head. It is recommended for landscape use in its native Texas.

<i>Senecio squalidus</i> Species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae

Senecio squalidus, known as Oxford ragwort, is a flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae. It is a yellow-flowered herbaceous plant, native to mountainous, rocky or volcanic areas, that has managed to find other homes on man-made and natural piles of rocks, war-ruined neighborhoods and even on stone walls. These habitats resemble its well drained natural rocky homeland. The plants have spread via the wind, rail and the activities of botanists. The travels of this short-lived perennial, biennial, or winter annual make it a good subject for studies of the evolution and ecology of flowering plants.

<i>Senecio eboracensis</i> Species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae

Senecio eboracensis, the York groundsel or York radiate groundsel, is a flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae. It is a self-pollinating hybrid species of ragwort and one of only six new plant species to be discovered in either the United Kingdom or North America in the last 100 years. It was discovered in 1979 in York, England growing next to a car park and formally described in 2003. Like many of the Senecio genus it can be found growing in urban habitats, such as disturbed earth and pavement cracks and this particular species only in York and between a railway and a car park.

<i>Rosa palustris</i> Species of shrub

Rosa palustris, the swamp rose, is a shrub in the rose family native to much of eastern North America. It can be found from Nova Scotia and New Brunswick in the north, south to Florida and west to Arkansas and Ontario. It is a host of the blinded sphinx moth and Coptotriche admirabilis.

<i>Senecio flaccidus</i> Species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae

Senecio flaccidus, formerly recorded as Senecio douglasii, member of the daisy family and genus Senecio also known as threadleaf ragwort, is a native of the southwestern Great Plains of North America.

Marsh fleabane might be:

<i>Senecio triangularis</i> Species of flowering plant

Senecio triangularis, known as arrowleaf ragwort, arrowleaf groundsel and arrowleaf butterweed, is a species of the genus Senecio and family Asteraceae.

<i>Lathyrus palustris</i> Species of legume

Lathyrus palustris is a species of wild pea known by the common name marsh pea. It is native to Europe, Asia, and North America. It is a perennial herb with leaves made up of oval-shaped or oblong leaflets a few centimeters long. It has branched, coiled tendrils. The plant bears an inflorescence of two to eight pinkish purple pea flowers each up to two centimeters wide. The fruit is a dehiscent legume pod.

<i>Senecio californicus</i> Species of flowering plant

Senecio californicus is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name California ragwort.

<i>Senecio hydrophiloides</i> Species of flowering plant

Senecio hydrophiloides is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common names tall groundsel and sweet marsh ragwort. It is native to western North America from British Columbia and Alberta to northern California to Utah, where it grows in wet meadows and similar habitat. It is a biennial or perennial herb producing a single erect stem or a cluster of a few stems which may exceed one meter in maximum height. The plants are green to red in color and usually without hairs, but new growth can be woolly. The leaves are lance-shaped to oval with toothed edges, the blades up to 25 centimeters long and borne on long winged petioles. The leaves are firm and sometimes a bit fleshy. The inflorescence is a loose or dense cluster of up to 30 or more flower heads lined with black-tipped phyllaries. They contain many yellowish disc florets at the center and often have some yellow ray florets, though these are sometimes absent. Senecio Hydrophiloides can cause Dermatitis.

<i>Senecio hydrophilus</i> Species of flowering plant

Senecio hydrophilus is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common names water ragwort and alkali-marsh ragwort. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to California to Colorado, where it grows in swampy places such as marshes. It can grow in standing water, including alkaline and salty water. It is a biennial or perennial herb producing a single erect stem or a cluster of a few stems which may exceed one meter in maximum height, at times approaching two meters. The stem is hollow, waxy in texture, and often pale green in color, and it emerges from a small caudex. The thick leaves are lance-shaped to oval with smooth or toothed edges, the blades up to 20 centimeters long and borne on petioles. Smaller leaves occur farther up the stem. The inflorescence is one or more large, spreading clusters of many flower heads. They contain many yellowish disc florets at the center and sometimes have small yellow ray florets as well.

<i>Senecio mohavensis</i> Species of flowering plant

Senecio mohavensis, known by the common name Mojave ragwort, is a species of flowering plant in the aster family.

<i>Senecio pattersonensis</i> Species of flowering plant

Senecio pattersonensis is an uncommon species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common names Mono ragwort. and Mount Patterson senecio.

<i>Senecio spartioides</i> Species of flowering plant

Senecio spartioides is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name broom-like ragwort. It is native to the western United States as far east as the Dakotas and Texas, and northern Mexico. It can be found in dry, rocky, often disturbed areas in a number of habitat types. It is a subshrub which can exceed a meter in height, its arching stems growing from a woody-topped taproot. The leaves are linear in shape and up to 10 centimeters long. The leaves usually have smooth, unlobed edges, but slightly lobed leaves are seen at times. The leaves are evenly distributed along the stems, the ones low on the stems withering away early, giving the plant a naked appearance on the lower half while the top is still lush green and blooming. The inflorescences are spreading, flat-topped arrays of many cylindrical flower heads. The heads contain yellow disc florets and generally either 5 or 8 ray florets each about a centimeter long.

<i>Pedicularis palustris</i> Species of flowering plant

Pedicularis palustris, commonly known as marsh lousewort or red rattle, is a plant species in the family Orobanchaceae. It is native to central and northern Europe and Asia where it grows in wetlands and boggy habitats. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of least concern.

References

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  3. 1 2 NDSU Extension Service. "Swamp ragwort". ND Noxious & Troublesome Weeds. North Dakota State University USDA Cooperative extension service . Retrieved 2008-02-23. Swamp ragwort has been increasing in frequency recently and infestations should be monitored even though the plant generally is not considered invasive.
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  9. 1 2 3 4 Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). "PLANTS Profile, Senecio congestus (R. Br.) DC". The PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture . Retrieved 2008-02-16.
  10. "Senecio congestus (R. Br.) DC / Крестовник скученный" (in Russian). 2005-03-12. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
  11. 1 2 Botanic Garden & Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem. "Details for: Tephroseris palustris (L.) Rchb". Euro+Med PlantBase. Freie Universität Berlin . Retrieved 2008-02-26.
  12. "Tephroseris palustris". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 2008-02-23.
  13. Porsild, A.E. (1953). "Edible Plants of the Arctic": 15–34 (p. 27).{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  14. ARCTIC GOOSE HABITAT WORKINGGROUP. "STATUS OF HABITAT AT SELECTED BREEDING AND STAGING SITES". ARCTIC ECOSYSTEMS IN PERIL. Archived from the original on August 7, 2007. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
  15. Alisauskas, Ray T.; Charlwood, Jason W.; Kellett, Dana K. (2006-06-01). "Vegetation correlates of the history and density of nesting by Ross's geese and lesser snow geese at Karrak Lake, Nunavut". Encyclopedia.com. HighBeam Research, Gale Group, Farmington Hills, Michigan. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
  16. Andrew B. Didiuk; Ray T. Alisauskas; Robert F. Rockwell (2002). "INTERACTION WITH ARCTIC AND SUBARCTIC HABITATS" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 10, 2007. Retrieved 2008-02-24.
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