The Toyota Celica GT-Four is a high performance model of the Celica Liftback that was produced from 1986 to 1999, with a turbocharged3S-GTE engine, and full-time AWD. It was created to compete in the World Rally Championship, whose regulations dictate that a manufacturer must build road-going versions of the vehicle in sufficient numbers. These vehicles are referred to as "homologation special vehicles".
The Celica GT-Four came in three generations; the ST165, based on the fourth generation Celica, and manufactured between October 1986 and August 1989; the "super round" shape ST185 produced from September 1989 to September 1993; and the ST205, built from February 1994 to June 1999.
The Celica GT-Four ST165 made its World Rally Championship (WRC) debut in the 1988 Tour de Corse, with its first WRC victory coming in the 1989 Rally Australia. The ST185's WRC debut was in the 1992 Rally Monte Carlo, and its first WRC win was in the 1992 Safari Rally, which was one of its four victories in that year. The ST185 is Toyota's most successful rally car. It won the WRC Drivers' Championship in 1992, and the WRC Manufacturers' and Drivers' championships in 1993 and 1994. The ST205 came in late 1994, and became the official rally car in 1995 with one WRC victory before disqualification. It also won the 1996 European Rally Championship.
The significance of the Toyota Celica GT-Four in WRC history, previously dominated by European manufacturers, is that it was the first time a Japanese car manufacturer entered the WRC with an AWD turbocharged car, took trophies and won the titles. Since then other Japanese manufacturers have been successful in the WRC. Toyota preceded the Mitsubishi (Lancer Evolution and Galant VR-4) and the Subaru (Legacy and Impreza), but not the Mazda (Mazda 323GT-R & 323GT-X). Toyota later exited the WRC to concentrate their racing efforts in Formula One, but in 2017, 11 years after the Celica was discontinued, Toyota returned to WRC with the Toyota Yaris.
Toyota Team Europe (TTE) was also the first to introduce the anti-lag system (ALS) in their Group A ST205 Celica GT-Four rally cars, a technological breakthrough that was later adopted by other teams.
The Celica GT-Four concept started with a convertibleprototype displayed at 1985 Tokyo Motor Show. The white car with burgundy interior is the first car to be called Celica GT-Four with the theme "open air 4WD motoring". The convertible never went into production, but the concept went to the liftback model which began production in October 1986.
The ST165 GT-Four can be distinguished from the front-wheel-drive Celica by its front bumper, which has larger openings and round fog lights on each side, and the "GT-Four" decals on the doors. Inside, the original GT-Four has a differential lock switch near the hand brake for the pre-facelift model built from October 1986 to September 1987.
The Celica GT-Four was updated in October 1987. As with other front-drive Celicas, the ST165 received a new grille, tail lights, and alloys. The export version also has ground effects, noticeably the side spoilers and standard dual front round fog lights. The center differential was changed from a manually lockable unit (either open or locked) to a viscous-coupling limited-slip type. The GT-Four was marketed in the US as the All-Trac Turbo and in Canada as the Turbo 4WD.
The ST165 was not sold in North America before 1988 except for seventy-seven special-edition cars sold to commemorate Toyota's IMSA GTO championship win. These Celicas are all white with white wheels and blue interiors and have "IMSA GTO Champion" printed in small letters on the side moulding, as well as white stripes on the grills. One car was sold at each of the 77 Toyota dealerships in California. They were sold in 1987 as 1988 models, and have viscous-coupling center differentials.
When the Celica GT-Four was launched in the United Kingdom in 1988 it was the first car sold in the United Kingdom designed to run only on unleaded gasoline.[2]
The ST165 was the only car to be sold with the first version of Toyota's 3S-GTE. It developed 182–190hp (depending on the market and model year) and 249N⋅m (184lb⋅ft) of torque.
ST185 (1989–1993)
Motor vehicle
ST185
Overview
Alsocalled
Toyota Celica All-Trac Turbo (US)
Toyota Celica Turbo 4WD (Canada and various European countries)
1,390–1,520kg (3,060–3,350lb) (depends on optional equipment) [3]
The first 21 units of the Celica ST185 were built in December 1988 as prototypes for various tests. The production model was launched in Japan in September 1989, and delivery began a month later.
The 3S-GTE in the ST185 GT-Four features an air-to-air intercooler and CT26 twin entry turbo to eliminate exhaust gas interference. The Japanese market GT-Four has 225PS (165kW; 222hp) of power and 224lbf⋅ft (304N⋅m) of torque, a result of more aggressive ignition advance and ceramic turbine. The Full-time 4WD system in the GT-Four has viscous coupling center limited slip differential and some models are equipped with a Torsen rear differential.
All export market GT-Four are wide-body Liftback models with flared fenders. The Japanese market GT-Four was also offered as normal/narrow body from 1989 to 1991.
In August 1990, the wide body GT-Four A was added into the Japanese lineup. Super Live Sound System with 10 speakers became standard on the GT-Four A.
Japanese market ST185 Models
Production Date
Body Style
Model Code
Model Name
Intercooler type
Price (¥'000)
Remarks
October 1989 – August 1991
Narrow-body Liftback
E-ST185-BLMVZ
GT-Four
Air-To-Air
2,685
Optional: ABS, Auto A/C, Leather, 10-Speakers Premium Sound System, Sunroof.
October 1989 – August 1991
Narrow-body Liftback
E-ST185-BLMVZ(V)
GT-Four V
Air-To-Air
2,427
Economy model with wheel covers (no alloys), no fog lights, limited options.
October 1989 – August 1991
Narrow-body Liftback
E-ST185-BLMVZ(R)
GT-Four Rally
Air-To-Air
2,385
Rally model with close ratio gearbox, steel wheels, no power window.
August 1990 – September 1993
Wide-body Liftback
E-ST185H-BLMVZ
GT-Four A
Air-To-Air
2,900 (Aug '90 launch); 2,975 (Aug '91 facelift)
Similar to all export models, equivalent to All-Trac in the US. 10-Speaker Premium Sound System is standard. Facelift model is simply called GT-Four.
August 1991 – September 1993
Wide-body Liftback
E-ST185H-BLMVZ(R)
GT-Four Rally
Air-To-Air
2,691
Rally model with close ratio gearbox, steel wheels, no power window. The rarest ST185 model.
August 1991 – February 1992
Wide-body Liftback
E-ST185H-BLMQZ
GT-Four RC
Water-To-Air
3,200
For WRC Group A homologation. Export version is called Carlos Sainz Limited Edition in Europe or Group A Rallye in Australia.
There are three gearboxes for ST185 GT-Four. The E150F with 4.285 final gear ratio was installed in the Japanese market and All-Trac. European and Australian specs come with E151F with 3.933 ratio. The Japanese market only GT-Four Rally has E152F with close ratio on the 1st through 4th gear and 4.285 final ratio. All the RC/Carlos Sainz/Group A Rallye have E151F.
1993 Toyota Celica All-Trac Turbo (ST185, US)
Anti-lock braking system (ABS), Leather interior, Sunroof, and System 10 Premium Sound System are optional on '90–'92 All-Trac Turbo, and standard on '93 model year All-Trac Turbo. With its sport-style interior, power-operated driver's seat, auto tilt-away steering wheel, SRS Airbag, and cruise control as standard equipment, the ST185 All-Trac Turbo was the most expensive Celica yet. With a 2.0L turbocharged3S-GTE producing 200hp (203PS; 149kW) and 200lb⋅ft (271N⋅m) of torque, it was the most powerful Celica ever sold in the US.
The European versions have standard ABS. Headlight washers and heated door mirrors are also offered. Sunroof came standard in the UK models, or optional for cars in the Continent. However, System 10 Premium Sound System and Leather interior were only available as options in selected European countries, and were not offered in the UK.
The Australian spec was less luxurious than other destination models. Cruise control, leather interior, sunroof, and System 10 Premium Sound System were not offered. Early models didn't have ABS and fog lights which became standard few months after introduction.
Like other Celicas, the GT-Four received minor changes in August 1991 for the 1992 model year. This facelift included the new Toyota ellipse emblems on the hood and trunk, restyled tail lights with smoked red frame, and shorter gear shift. The Japanese models also got round-shape front fog lights. The All-Trac Turbo retained the automatic air conditioner, but the fan switch was changed from the push button type to the more conventional rotary type.
GT-Four RC
1992 Toyota Celica GT-Four Carlos Sainz Limited Edition (ST185, UK)
To meet the FIA homologation requirements for the 1992 WRC season, the GT-Four RC was launched in September 1991 for the Japanese market. The export version is known as Carlos Sainz (CS) Limited Edition in Singapore and Europe (in honour of their famous WRC driver), or Group A Rallye in Australia. Special features include:
a water-to-air intercooler instead of the standard air-to-air unit, which was much better suited for competition use.
different hood used to evacuate air from the engine bay rather than direct it to the intercooler (along with a small inlet duct for timing belt cooling).
different bumper that is much lighter and has more openings than the standard one.
shortened shift lever throw and clutch pedal travel.
triple cone synchromesh on gears 2 and 3, up from double cone.
a special numbered plaque on the center console.
Out of 5000 units, 1800 were for Japanese market, 3000 were allocated to Europe, 150 were delivered to Australia, 25 for Singapore, and very few made a trip to the general markets.
The Celica GT-Four ST205 was launched for the Japanese market in February 1994, and for the Australian, European, and British markets in the mid-year. This version was to be the most powerful Celica produced to date, producing between 242PS (178kW; 239hp) for the export model and 255PS (188kW; 252hp) for the Japanese market model from an updated 3S-GTE engine matched to the E154F gearbox. Influenced strongly by Toyota Team Europe, Toyota's factory team in the World Rally Championship, the final version of the GT-Four included improvements such as an all-aluminum hood to save weight, four-channel ABS (optional for the Japanese market), an improved (enthusiast dubbed) CT20B twin entry turbocharger, and "Super Strut Suspension".
The 3S-GTE engine in a Toyota Celica GT-Four (ST205)
The 2500 units homologation cars built to allow Toyota to enter the GT-Four as a Group A car in the World Rally Championship also featured extras such as all of the plumbing required to activate an anti-lag system, a water spray bar and pump for the front intercooler, a basic water injection system, a small hood-mounted spoiler aft of the windscreen washers (also standard fit on all UK cars) and an extender rear spoiler mounted on risers. Out of the 2500 GT-Four WRC built, 2100 stayed in Japan, 300 were exported to Europe, 77 for Australia, 5 for New Zealand and a few to the general markets. The Japanese market ST205 came with a standard automatic climate control air conditioner, but ABS was initially optional and became standard from August 1996. Export WRC models only received a manual air conditioner system but all came with standard ABS.
Plaque for car number 61 of the 77 Australian GT-Four Group A Rallye
Official WRC models in the initial 2500 were only produced in 1994 as required by the WRC homologation rules. All ST205 sold in Australia were WRC models and called the GT-Four Group A Rallye. All the Australian-spec ST205 came with leather interior, and the only options were air conditioner and glass sunroof. Each of 77 cars also came with limited edition numbered plaque mounted ahead of the gear shift. Instead of using the Super Strut Suspension as found in the production cars, the actual ST205 rally cars for WRC came with standard strut suspension as they found the wear rates too high from the rigors of rallying.
In August 1995, the ST205 received minor changes which consisted of new 6-spoke alloys, contoured side spoilers or rocker panels, and a redesigned rear spoiler. The Japanese model also got restyled tail lights. Sport ABS and dual SRS Airbag became standard on all cars started from August 1996. The high WRC-style rear spoiler was not available for this facelift model, but returned on the second minor change in December 1997. Other new feature for the final facelift model were 3-spoke leather steering wheel with SRS Airbag and projector headlights.
During the 1995 World Rally Championship season, Toyota was caught using illegal turbo restrictors at the Rally Catalunya and were given a one-year ban by the FIA. FIA president Max Mosley called the illegal turbo restrictor "the most sophisticated device I've ever seen in 30 years of motor sports." Toyota and their drivers, Juha Kankkunen, Didier Auriol and Armin Schwarz, were also stripped of all points in the championships. Kankkunen was leading the Drivers Championship heading into Catalunya, while Auriol was also in the title race. Mosley stated that "there is no suggestion the drivers were aware of what was going on."[5][6]
ST165 won 13 WRC series. Carlos Sainz won the 1990 WRC Driver's Title.
ST185 won 16 full WRC series, and 3 overall winner in the W2L series. WRC Driver's Titles with Carlos Sainz in 1992, Juha Kankkunen in 1993, and Didier Auriol in 1994. WRC Manufacturer's Titles in 1993 and 1994.
ST205 won 1 full WRC series, and 2 overall winner in the W2L series.
WRC victories
Toyota Celica from 1991Toyota Celica 1993 Rally GB winnerToyota Celica GT-Four (ST185) 1995 Safari Rally winner
ST205 won the 1996 European Rally Championship and together with the Corolla WRC won the 1998 FIA Teams Cup for the HF Grifone team.[7]
Related Research Articles
The Toyota Celica is an automobile produced by Toyota from 1970 until 2006. The Celica name derives from the Latin word coelica meaning heavenly or celestial. In Japan, the Celica was exclusive to the Toyota Corolla Store dealer chain. Produced across seven generations, the Celica was powered by various four-cylinder engines, and bodystyles included convertibles, liftbacks, coupés and notchback coupés.
Carlos Sainz Cenamor is a Spanish rally driver. He won the World Rally Championship drivers' title with Toyota in 1990 and 1992, and finished runner-up four times. Constructors' world champions to have benefited from Sainz are Subaru (1995), Toyota (1999) and Citroën. In the 2018 season he was one of the official drivers of the Team Peugeot Total. He received the Princess of Asturias Sports Award in 2020. Sainz founded the Acciona | Sainz XE Team to join Extreme E and competed in the first two seasons alongside Laia Sanz.
Juha Matti Pellervo Kankkunen is a Finnish former rally driver. His factory team career in the World Rally Championship lasted from 1983 to 2002. He won 23 world rallies and four drivers' world championship titles, which were both once records in the series. Both Sébastien Loeb and Sébastien Ogier have since collected more world titles, but no driver was able to repeat Kankkunen's feat of becoming a world champion with three different manufacturers until Ogier matched this achievement in 2020.
The Toyota Supra is a sports car and grand tourer manufactured by the Toyota Motor Corporation beginning in 1978. The name "supra" is derived from the Latin prefix, meaning "above", "to surpass" or "go beyond".
The Toyota MR2 is a line of two-seater, mid-engined, rear-wheel-drive sports cars, manufactured in Japan and marketed globally by Toyota from 1984 until 2007 over three generations: W10 (1984–1989), W20 (1989–1999) and W30 (1999–2007). It is Japan's first rear mid-engined production car.
The Toyota Starlet is a subcompact car manufactured by Toyota from 1973 until 1999, replacing the Publica, but retaining the Publica's "P" code and generation numbering. The first generation Starlet was sold as the Publica Starlet in some markets. In Japan, it was exclusive to Toyota Corolla Store dealers.
Torsen Torque-Sensing is a type of limited-slip differential used in automobiles.
The Toyota Caldina is an automobile manufactured by Toyota for the Japanese market from 1992 to 2007. It replaced the Corona and Carina wagons, and was sold at Toyota Store and Toyopet Store locations in Japan. While the Caldina has never been officially exported by Toyota, its All-Trac 4WD capability and large capacity have made it a popular grey import in Australia, New Zealand, Russia and many South American countries. When it was discontinued in 2007, the T270 series Avensis wagon/estate assumed its market position.
Didier Auriol is a French former rally driver. Born in Montpellier and initially an ambulance driver, he competed in the World Rally Championship throughout the 1990s. He became World Rally Champion in 1994, the first driver from his country to do so. He was a factory candidate for Lancia, Toyota and Peugeot among others, before losing his seat at Škoda at the end of 2003. His sister Nadine was also involved in rallying as a co-driver, while his brother Gerrard was also a former rally driver.
The Toyota S Series engines are a family of straight-four petrol engines with displacements between 1.8 and 2.2 litres, produced by Toyota Motor Corporation from January 1980 to August 2007. The S series has cast iron engine blocks and aluminium cylinder heads.
Toyota Gazoo Racing Europe GmbH (TGR-E) is an automotive engineering and motorsport services facility based in Cologne, Germany. It is fully-owned and controlled by Toyota Motor Corporation.
Ove Andersson, nicknamed Påven, was a Swedish rally driver and the first head of Toyota's F1 programme.
All-Trac was a proprietary full-time four-wheel drive system used on a variety of Toyota badged models from 1988 to 2000. It was considered a revolutionary advance for four wheel drive automobiles into the mainstream consumer market and its electronic/vacuum controlled locking center differential was rare in a passenger car. The system originated in Japan under the GT-Four name in 1986, but was not released in the U.S. until 1988 under the All-Trac name.
The 1989 World Rally Championship was the 17th season of the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) World Rally Championship (WRC). The season consisted of 13 rallies, with some adjustments to the schedule versus the previous season. The WRC ended its participation in North America by removing the Olympus Rally from the schedule, implementing in its place Rally Australia. An anomaly in the schedule was that 1989 was the only year in which the Swedish Rally and the Rallye de Monte Carlo were switched in place, with the Swedish event taking place to start the year. This made it the second and last time that Monte Carlo would not mark the first event of the WRC season until the 2009 season.
The Toyota Corolla WRC is a World Rally Car built for the Toyota Castrol Team by Toyota Motorsport GmbH to compete in the World Rally Championship. It is based upon the E110 version of Toyota Corolla road car. The car was debuted at the 1997 Rally Finland, and replaced the Toyota Celica Turbo ST205. It won a total of four rally victories and the 1999 World Manufacturers' title.
The Ford Escort RS Cosworth is a homologation special of the fifth generation European Ford Escort. It was designed to qualify as a Group A car for the World Rally Championship in which it competed between 1993 and 1998. It was available as a road car from 1992 until 1996. The powertrain was only fitted to this version of the Escort, a longitudinally mounted Cosworth YBT, a highly tunable turbocharged 2.0 L (1,993 cc) with a bore x stroke of 90.8 mm × 77 mm Inline-four engine which had an output of 227 PS in standard trim. Tuning companies have achieved power outputs in excess of 1,000 bhp.
Trofeu is a line of 1/43 scale diecast vehicles made by Replicar in Portugal. The company was started in 1989, in Espinho just south of Oporto - the same town where Metosul and Luso Toys had previously been made in the 1960s and 1970s. Trofeu products are mainly contemporary rally cars alongside their stock counterparts.
Toyota Motor Corporation's E family is a family of 5/6-speed manual transmissions for FWD/RWD/4WD vehicles.
The Lancia Delta HF is a Group A rally car built for the Martini Lancia by Lancia to compete in the World Rally Championship. It is based upon the Lancia Delta road car and replaced the Lancia Delta S4. The car was introduced for the 1987 World Rally Championship season and dominated the World Rally Championship, scoring 46 WRC victories overall and winning the constructors' championship a record six times in a row from 1987 to 1992, in addition to drivers' championship titles for Juha Kankkunen and Miki Biasion, making Lancia the most successful marque in the history of the WRC and the Delta the most successful car.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
