United States Reports, volume 3

Last updated

Supreme Court of the United States
Seal of the United States Supreme Court.svg
EstablishedMarch 4, 1789;234 years ago (1789-03-04)
Location Washington, D.C.
Coordinates 38°53′26″N77°00′16″W / 38.89056°N 77.00444°W / 38.89056; -77.00444 Coordinates: 38°53′26″N77°00′16″W / 38.89056°N 77.00444°W / 38.89056; -77.00444
Composition methodPresidential nomination with Senate confirmation
Authorized by Constitution of the United States, Art. III, § 1
Judge term lengthlife tenure, subject to impeachment and removal
Number of positions9 (by statute)
Website supremecourt.gov
Alexander Dallas as Secretary of the Treasury (1814-1816) DALLAS, Alexander J-Treasury (BEP engraved portrait).jpg
Alexander Dallas as Secretary of the Treasury (1814–1816)

This is a list of cases reported in volume 3 U.S. (3 Dall.) of United States Reports , decided by the Supreme Court of the United States from 1794 to 1799. [1] Case reports from other tribunals also appear in 3 U.S. (3 Dall.).

Contents

Alexander Dallas and Dallas Reports

Not all of the cases reported in 3 U.S. (3 Dall.) are from the United States Supreme Court. Included are decisions from the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, and the United States Circuit Court for the District of Pennsylvania. Alexander J. Dallas, a Philadelphia lawyer and later United States Secretary of the Treasury, had been in the business of reporting local law cases for newspapers and periodicals. When the US Supreme Court sat in Philadelphia from 1791–1800, he collected their cases as well, and later began compiling his case reports in a bound volume which he called Reports of cases ruled and adjudged in the courts of Pennsylvania, before and since the Revolution. [2]

When the US Supreme Court along with the rest of the new federal government moved in 1791 from the former capital, New York City, to the nation's temporary capital in Philadelphia, Dallas was appointed the Supreme Court's first unofficial and unpaid Supreme Court Reporter. (Court reporters in that age received no salary, but were expected to profit from the publication and sale of their compiled decisions.) Dallas continued to collect and publish Pennsylvania and other decisions, adding federal Supreme Court cases to his reports. Dallas published four volumes of decisions during his tenure as Reporter, known as the Dallas Reports.

The Supreme Court moved to the new capital city of Washington D.C. in 1800. Dallas remained in Philadelphia; William Cranch then replaced him as Reporter of Decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States.

Nominative Reports

In 1874, the U.S. government created the United States Reports, and retroactively numbered older privately-published case reports as part of the new series. As a result, cases appearing in volumes 1–90 of U.S. Reports have dual citation forms; one for the volume number of U.S. Reports, and one for the volume number of the reports named for the relevant reporter of decisions (these are called "nominative reports"). As such, volumes 1–4 of United States Reports correspond to volumes 1–4 of Dallas Reports. The dual citation form of, for example, Hunter v. Fairfax's Devisee is 3 U.S. (3 Dall.) 305 (1796).

Courts in 3 U.S. (3 Dall.)

The cases reported in 3 U.S. (3 Dall.) come from the Supreme Court of the United States, the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania (Pa.), and the United States Circuit Court for the District of Pennsylvania (C.C.D. Pa.).

Justices of the Supreme Court at the time of 3 U.S. (3 Dall.)

The Supreme Court is established by Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution of the United States, which says: "The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court . . .". The size of the Court is not specified; the Constitution leaves it to Congress to set the number of justices. Under the Judiciary Act of 1789 Congress originally fixed the number of justices at six (one chief justice and five associate justices). [3] Since 1789 Congress has varied the size of the Court from six to seven, nine, ten, and back to nine justices (always including one chief justice).

When the cases in 3 U.S. (3 Dall.) were decided, the Court comprised six of the following eleven justices at one time:

PortraitJusticeOfficeHome StateSucceededDate confirmed by the Senate
(Vote)
Tenure on Supreme Court
Gilbert Stuart, John Jay, 1794, NGA 75023.jpg John Jay Chief Justice New York original seat when the Court was establishedSeptember 26, 1789
(Acclamation)
October 19, 1789

June 29, 1795
(Resigned)
John Rutledge color painting.jpg John Rutledge Chief Justice South Carolina original seat when the Court was establishedSeptember 26, 1789
(Acclamation)
February 15, 1790

March 4, 1791
(Resigned)
WilliamCushing.jpg William Cushing Associate Justice Massachusetts original seat when the Court was establishedSeptember 26, 1789
(Acclamation)
February 2, 1790

September 13, 1810
(Died)
JusticeJamesWilson.jpg James Wilson Associate Justice Pennsylvania original seat when the Court was establishedSeptember 26, 1789
(Acclamation)
October 5, 1789

August 21, 1798
(Died)
John Blair (page 82 crop).jpg John Blair Associate Justice Virginia original seat when the Court was establishedSeptember 26, 1789
(Acclamation)
February 2, 1790

October 25, 1795
(Resigned)
JamesIredell.jpg James Iredell Associate Justice North Carolina original seat when the Court was establishedFebruary 10, 1790
(Acclamation)
May 12, 1790

October 20, 1799
(Died)
Thomas Johnson (governor).jpeg Thomas Johnson Associate Justice Maryland John Rutledge (after Rutledge's first term on the Court)November 7, 1791
(Acclamation)
August 6, 1792

January 16, 1793
(Resigned)
William Paterson (1745-1806).jpg William Paterson Associate Justice New Jersey Thomas Johnson March 4, 1793
(Acclamation)
March 11, 1793

September 8, 1806
(Died)
Samuel Chase.jpg Samuel Chase Associate Justice Maryland John Blair, Jr. January 27, 1796
(Acclamation)
February 4, 1796

June 19, 1811
(Died)
Oliver Ellsworth.jpg Oliver Ellsworth Chief Justice Connecticut John Rutledge (after Rutledge's second term on the Court)March 4, 1796
(21–1)
March 8, 1796

December 15, 1800
(Resigned)
BushrodWashington.jpg Bushrod Washington Associate Justice Virginia James Wilson December 20, 1798
(Acclamation)
November 9, 1798
(Recess Appointment)

November 26, 1829
(Died)

Notable Cases in 3 U.S. (3 Dall.)

Calder v. Bull

In Calder v. Bull , 3 U.S. (3 Dall.) 386 (1798), the Supreme Court decided four important points of constitutional law:

Georgia v. Brailsford

In Georgia v. Brailsford , 3 U.S. (3 Dall.) 1 (1794), is significant as the only reported jury trial held by the US Supreme Court. During the American Revolution, the state of Georgia passed a law that sequestered debts owed to British creditors. The Treaty of Paris, however, asserted the validity of debts held by creditors on both sides. The case was filed directly in the United States Supreme Court, rather than in a lower trial court, under the Supreme Court's constitutionally-defined original jurisdiction.

Hollingsworth v. Virginia

In Hollingsworth v. Virginia , 3 U.S. (3 Dall.) 378 (1798) the Court held the President of the United States has no formal role in the process of amending the United States Constitution, and that the Eleventh Amendment was binding on cases already pending before its ratification.

Citation style

Under the Judiciary Act of 1789 the federal court structure at the time comprised District Courts, which had general trial jurisdiction; Circuit Courts, which had mixed trial and appellate (from the US District Courts) jurisdiction; and the United States Supreme Court, which had appellate jurisdiction over the federal District and Circuit courts—and for certain issues over state courts. The Supreme Court also had limited original jurisdiction (i.e., in which cases could be filed directly with the Supreme Court without first having been heard by a lower federal or state court). There were one or more federal District Courts and/or Circuit Courts in each state, territory, or other geographical region.

Bluebook citation style is used for case names, citations, and jurisdictions.

List of cases in 3 U.S. (3 Dall.)

Cases of the Supreme Court of the United States

CasePage & yearOpinions of the CourtLower courtDisposition
Georgia v. Brailsford 1 (1794) Jay (charge to the jury) original jury verdict for defendants [4]
Glass v. The Sloop Betsey 6 (1794) Jay D. Md. Reversed
United States v. Hamilton 17 (1795) Wilson D. Pa. certification
Bingham v. Cabot 19 (1795) seriatim : Paterson, Iredell, Wilson, Cushing C.C.D. Mass. reversed
United States v. Lawrence 42 (1795) per curiam D.N.Y. mandamus denied
Penhallow v. Doane's Administrators 54 (1795) Cushing C.C.D.N.H. reversed
United States v. Peters 121 (1795) Rutledge D. Pa. prohibition issued
Talbot v. Janson 133 (1795) seriatim : Paterson, Iredell C.C.D.S.C. affirmed
Hylton v. United States 171 (1796) seriatim : Chase, Paterson, Iredell C.C.D. Va. affirmed
Hills v. Ross 184 (1796) per curiam C.C.D. Ga. continued
McDonough v. Dannery 188 (1796) per curiam C.C.D. Mass. affirmed
Ware v. Hylton 199 (1796) seriatim : Chase, Wilson, Cushing C.C.D. Va. reversed
Geyer v. Michel 285 (1796) per curiam C.C.D.S.C. affirmed
United States v. La Vengeance 297 (1796) Ellsworth C.C.D.N.Y. affirmed
Cotton v. Wallace 302 (1796) per curiam C.C.D. Ga. mandate granted
Hunter v. Fairfax's Devisee 305 (1796) per curiam not indicatedcontinued
Arcambel v. Wiseman 306 (1796) per curiam C.C.D.R.I. remittitur granted
Moodie v. The Ship Alfred 307 (1796) per curiam not indicatedaffirmed
Olney v. Arnold 308 (1796) Ellsworth R.I. Super. Ct. affirmed
Moodie v. The Ship Phoebe Anne 319 (1796) Ellsworth C.C.D.S.C. affirmed
Grayson v. Virginia 320 (1796) Ellsworth original subpoena granted
Wiscart v. Dauchy 321 (1796) per curiam C.C.D. Va. affirmed
Hills v. Ross 331 (1796) seriatim : Ellsworth, Iredell, Chase C.C.D. Ga. reversed
Del Col v. Arnold 333 (1796) per curiam C.C.D.S.C. affirmed
Jennings v. The Brig Perseverance 336 (1797) seriatim : Paterson, Chase C.C.D.R.I. affirmed
Huger v. South Carolina 339 (1797) seriatim : Iredell, Chase original petition granted
Clerke v. Harwood 342 (1797) per curiam Md. affirmed
Brown v. Van Braam 344 (1797) seriatim : Wilson, Paterson, Chase C.C.D.R.I. affirmed
Fenemore v. United States 357 (1797) seriatim : Chase, Iredell, Cushing, Ellsworth, Paterson C.C.D.N.J. affirmed
Brown v. Barry 365 (1797) Ellsworth C.C.D. Va. affirmed
Emory v. Grenough 369 (1797) per curiam C.C.D. Mass. dismissed
Hamilton v. Moore 371 (1797) per curiam C.C.D. Ga. dismissed
Hollingsworth v. Virginia 378 (1798) per curiam , and Chasenot indicateddismissed
Bingham v. Cabot 382 (1798) per curiam C.C.D. Mass. dismissed
Jones v. Le Tombe 384 (1798) per curiam original rule made absolute
Calder v. Bull 386 (1798) seriatim : Chase, Paterson, Iredell, Cushing Conn. affirmed
Wilson v. Daniel 401 (1798) seriatim : Ellsworth, Iredell, Chase C.C.D. Va. affirmed
Dewhurst v. Coulthard 409 (1799) per curiam C.C.D.N.Y. dismissed
Ex parte Hallowell 410 (1799) per curiam original Hallowell admitted to bar of Court
Fowler v. Lindsey 411 (1799) seriatim : Washington, Paterson, Cushing C.C.D. Conn. rule discharged
Clarke v. Russel 415 (1799) Ellsworth C.C.D.R.I. reversed
Sims' Lessee v. Irvine 425 (1799) seriatim : Ellsworth, Iredell C.C.D. Pa. affirmed

Cases of other tribunals

CasePage and yearCourt
Respublica [5] v. Cobbett 467 (Pa. 1798) Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
Anonymous 477 (Pa. 1798) Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
Camberling v. McCall 477 (Pa. 1798) Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
Coxe v. McClenachan 478 (Pa. 1798) Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
Pemberton's Lessee v. Hicks 479 (Pa. 1798) Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
McKee's Lessee v. Pfout 486 (Pa. 1798) Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
Respublica [5] v. Wray 490 (Pa. 1799) Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
Murgatroyd v. Crawford 491 (Pa. 1799) Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
Breckbill v. Turnpike Company 496 (Pa. 1799) Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
Dallas v. Chaloner's Executors 500 (Pa. 1799) Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
Wharton's Executors v. Fitzgerald 503 (Pa. 1799) Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
Reed v. Ingraham 505 (Pa. 1799) Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
Peterson v. Willing 506 (Pa. 1799) Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
Roberts v. Wheelen 506 (Pa. 1799) Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
Pollock v. Donaldson 510 (C.C.D. Pa. 1799) United States Circuit Court for the District of Pennsylvania
Hurst v. Hurst 512 (C.C.D. Pa. 1799) United States Circuit Court for the District of Pennsylvania
United States v. Insurgents of Pennsylvania 513 (C.C.D. Pa. 1799) United States Circuit Court for the District of Pennsylvania
United States v. Fries 515 (C.C.D. Pa. 1799) United States Circuit Court for the District of Pennsylvania

Notes and References

  1. Anne Ashmore, DATES OF SUPREME COURT DECISIONS AND ARGUMENTS, Library, Supreme Court of the United States, 26 December 2018.
  2. Cohen, Morris and O'Connor, Sharon H. A Guide to the Early Reports of the Supreme Court of the United States, (Fred B. Rothman & Co, Littleton Colorado, 1995.
  3. "Supreme Court Research Guide". Georgetown Law Library. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
  4. This is the only jury trial ever conducted in the presence of the United States Supreme Court. Shelfer, Lochlan F. (October 2013). "Special Juries in the Supreme Court". yalelawjournal.org. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
  5. 1 2 Note on Respublica: Some early Pennsylvania cases include the title Respublica. Res publica is a Latin form of the term "Commonwealth," meaning in this context the "Commonwealth of Pennsylvania." Pennsylvania is one of four states (along with Massachusetts, Virginia, and Kentucky) to refer to itself as a "Commonwealth." It is interchangeable with "State." In the early 19th Century the English term Commonwealth replaced Respublica in new Pennsylvania case names.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United States Reports, volume 2</span>

This is a list of cases reported in volume 2 U.S. of United States Reports, decided by the Supreme Court of the United States from 1791 to 1793. Case reports from other federal and state tribunals also appear in 2 U.S..

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United States Reports, volume 4</span>

This is a list of cases reported in volume 4 U.S. of United States Reports, decided by the Supreme Court of the United States in 1799 and 1800. Case reports from other tribunals also appear in 4 U.S..