Vaippu Sthalam

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The three foremost Nayanars with Manikkavacakar - collectively called the Nalvar: (from left) Sambandar, Appar, Sundarar, Manikkavacakar. Nalvar.JPG
The three foremost Nayanars with Manikkavacakar - collectively called the Nalvar: (from left) Sambandar, Appar, Sundarar, Manikkavacakar.

A Vaippu Sthalam, [1] also called a Tevara Vaippu Sthalam, is one of the Hindu temples in South India that is referenced in the songs in the Tevaram, hymns composed in praise of Shiva during the 7th-8th century. [2]

Contents

The Paadal Petra Sthalam by comparison are 275 [3] temples that are revered in the verses of Shaiva Nayanars in the 6th-9th century CE.

VersesPoet
1, 2, 3. Tirukadaikkappu Sambandar
4, 5, 6. Tevaram Appar
7. Tirupattu Sundarar
8. Tiruvacakam and Tirukkovaiyar Manikkavacakar
9. Tiruvicaippa and TiruppallantuVarious poets
10. Tirumantiram Tirumular
11. PrabandhamVarious poets
12. Periya Puranam Sekkilar

Tevaram

The Tevaram is the collection of verses sung in praise of Shiva by the sixty-three Nayanars, most prominent among whom were three Tamil poet-saints named Appar, Sambandar, and Sundarar. The former two lived in the 7th century CE while the latter around 8th century CE. All songs of the Tevaram are believed to be in sets of 10 songs (called patikam in Tamil).

List of Vaippu Sthalams

The list of the Vaippu Sthalams is found in each verse of Tevaram that may be part of verses glorifying other temples ( Paadal Petra Sthalam ). [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13]

Place (Sthalam)Poet and VerseLocation
Akkicharam/Agniswarar Temple Appar 6-71-8 Thanjavur district
Asokandi, Ayokandi/Seeyathamangai Ayavandeeswarar Temple Appar 6-7-10, 6-70-9 Tiruvarur district
Agaththiccuram/Agastheeswarar Temple Appar 6-71-8 Kanyakumari
Annavasal/Virutthapurisvarar Temple Appar 6-71-7
Adi Annamalai/Adi Annamalaiyar Temple Appar 4-63-1 & 4
Athangudi Sambandar 2-39-10
Athamayanamalai Appar 6-71-9
Athi Sambandar 2-39-2
Athiccuram/Sivasailam Temple Appar 6-71-8 Tenkasi
Amudhanur Sundarar 7-12-1
Ayaniccuram/Brahmadesam/Kailasanathar Temple Appar 6-71-6
Arananallur Appar 6-7-7
Arichandhiram/Parkkulam/Chandramoulisvarar Temple Appar 6-51-10
Poondurai/Avalpoondurai/Pushpavanesvarar Temple Appar 6-71-11
Alappur/Tharangambadi/Masilamaninathar temple Appar 6-51-3, 6-70-4, 6-71-4; Sundarar 7-47-4
Arappalli/ Sambandar 2-39-4; Appar 5-34-1, 6-70-1 & 6-71-1
Atakeccuram/Nagabilam/Atakeccuram Nagabilam Temple Appar 6-71-8

0

Aadhiraiyaanpattinam/Adirampattinam/Abhaya Varadeeswarar Temple Sundarar 7-31-6
Alandhurai/Vadathirthesvarar Temple -
Aziyur/Gangalanathasamy Temple Appar 6-70-7; Sundarar 7-12-7
Arai Sambandar 2-39-5
Araimerrali/Tirumetrazhi/Kailasanathar Temple Sundarar 7-35-1
Anpatti /perur/Perur Pateeswarar Temple Sambandar 2-39-1; Appar 6-7-10, 6-51-8, 6-70-2; Sundarar 7-47-4, 7-90-10
Iccaiyur Sundarar 7-31-4
Idavai Appar 6-70-3
Idaikkulam/Airavateswarar Temple Appar 6-71-10
Idaithanam Appar 6-7-8
Idaippalli Sambandar 2-39-4
Irappatticcuram/Seshapurisvarar Temple Appar 6-25-10
Irumpudhal/Trilokanathar Temple Appar 6-51-6
Ilangkoil Appar 6-71-5
Ilamar/Visvanathar Temple Appar 6-70-4
Ilaiyankudi/Rajendracholiswarar Temple Sundarar 7-39-1
Iraikkadu Sundarar 7-47-3
Iraiyanceri/Mummudinathar Temple Appar 6-70-4
Iraiyanur Sundarar 7-31-5
Icanur/Brahmapurisvarar Temple Sundarar 7-31-8
Unnir Appar 6-7-7
Udhayamalai Appar 6-71-9
Uruthirakodi/Rudrakodisvarar Temple Appar 6-70-8
Urraththur/Suttharathnesvarar Temple Appar 6-70-10, 6-71-4
En^galur Sundarar 7-31-6
Endhaiyur Sundarar 7-31-1
Eccililamar Appar 6-70-4
Ennur Sundarar 7-12-6
Ezhumur/Arthanarisvarar Temple Appar 6-70-5
Eakampathu/Ekambaranathar Temple Appar 6-70-4

0

Eman^allur/Tiruloki/Sundaresvarar Temple Appar 6-70-4
Emakutamalai Appar 6-7-8, 6-71-9
Eman^allur/Sundaresvarar Temple Appar 6-70-4
Emapperur/Vanmeekanathar Temple Appar 6-70-3
Eyiccuram Appar 6-7-8
Eaar/Kanthanathaswamy Temple Appar 6-51-6, 6-70-3
Ezhur/Kailasanathar Temple Appar 6-70-5
Eranur/EtramanurEttumanoor Mahadevar Temple Sundarar 7-31-9
Oretakam Appar 6-7-10
Kaccippalathali/Karchapeswarar Temple Appar 6-70-4
Kaccimayanam/Kaccimayanesvarar Temple Appar 6-97-10
KacciyurSundarar 7-31-4
KaccaiyurSundarar 7-31-4
Kanjaru/Ananthathandesvarar Temple Appar 6-70-8
KadangalurSundarar 7-31-3
Kadampai ilangkoil/Uthrapathisvarar Temple Appar 6-70-5
Kadaiyakkudi Appar 6-71-3
Kannai/Rishabesvarar Temple Appar 6-70-6
Kandamadhanamalai/Kandhamaadhanamalai, Thiruchendur Appar 6-71-9
Karapuram/Karapurisvarar Temple Appar 6-7-7
KarukarkuralSundarar 7-47-5
Karundthittaikkudi/Vasishtesvarar Temple Appar 6-71-3
Karuppur/Agastisvarar Temple Sundarar 7-98-3
Karumari Appar 6-7-11
Kazhunirkkunram/Sengalvarayaswamy Temple Appar 6-13-4
KazhumaramSundarar
Kalandhai/Azhagiyanathaswamy Temple Sundarar 7-39-6
Kattur/Sundaresvarar Temple Sambandar 2-39-7; Sundarar 7-47-1
Kampili/Kampili Shiva Temple Appar 6-70-2
Kamarasavalli Appar
Karikkarai/Ramagiri/Valeesvarar Temple Sundarar 7-31-3
KavamSundarar 7-31-4
Kalingam Appar 6-7-5
Kinar Sambandar
KizhaiyamSundarar 7-12-5
Killikudi/Agastisvarar Temple Sundarar 7-12-7
Kizhaiyil/Semmalainathar Temple Sundarar 7-12-7
Keezhatthanjai/Srimoolanathar Temple Sundarar 7-12-9
KizhaivazhiSundarar 7-12-5
Kukkudechuram/Siva Temple Appar 6-71-8
Kukaiyur Appar
Kundaiyur/Sundaresvarar Temple Sundarar 7-20-1
Gunavayil/Siva Temple Sambandar 2-39-7; Appar 6-71-7
Kuthangudi/Kodeesvarar Temple Sambandar 2-39-10
Kumari Appar 6-70-9
Kumarikongu/Asaladeebesvarar Temple Appar 6-70-9
Kuyilalandurai Appar 6-71-11
Kurakkuthali/Sukreesvarar Temple Sundarar 7-47-2
Kurukkethiram/KurukshetraKurukshetra Shiva Temple Sundarar 7-78-6
Kurundhangudi Sambandar 2-39-10
Kunriyur/Visvanathar Temple Sambandar 2-39-1; Appar 6-70-5
KunraiyurSundarar 7-39-1
Kundalur/Jambukaranyesvarar Temple Appar 6-70-9
Kurur Sambandar 2-39-1
Kuzaiyur/Agastheesvarar Temple Appar 6-70-9
KuranurSundarar 7-32-9
KaimmaiSundarar 7-12-5
Konganam Appar 6-70-5
Kodungkolur/Makothai Mahadevar Temple, Kodungallur Appar 6-70-5
Kondal/Tharakaparamesvarar Temple Appar 6-51-9; Sundarar 7-12-2
Kollimalai/Arapaleeswarar temple Appar 5-34-1
Govindaputhur/Govandaputhur/Ganga Jadadisvarar Temple Appar 5-71-3
KozhunalSundarar 7-47-1
Kottukka Appar 6-7-5
Kottukkadu Appar 6-70-2
Kothittai Appar 6-70-3, 6-71-2; Sundarar 7-3-1
Kovanthapuththur Appar 6-71-3
Sadaimudi/Divyagnanesvarar Temple Appar 6-70-3
Salaikkudi Appar 6-70-3
Siddhavadamadam/Chidambaresvarar Temple Appar 4-2-3
SindhaiyurSundarar 7-31-1
Sivappalli/Kailasanathar Temple Appar 6-71-1
Sirappalli Sambandar 2-39-4
SurrumurSundarar 7-31-2
Sulamangai/Kiruthivakesvarar Temple Appar 6-70-10
Sengunrur/Chengannur Mahadeva Temple Appar 6-70-5
Senthil/Thiruchendur Murugan temple Appar 6-23-4
Sempangudi/Rudrakodisvarar Temple Appar 6-7-3
Serrur Appar 6-71-4
Saiyamalai Appar 6-71-10
Somesam Appar 6-70-10
Gnazalvayil Appar 6-71-7
Gnazarkoyil Appar 6-71-5
Thakkalur/Tirulokanathar Temple Appar 6-2-1, 6-70-3; Sundarar 7-12-1
Thakattur/Bairavanathar Temple Sundarar 7-12-1
Koyildevarayanpettai/Macchapurisvarar Temple Sambandar
Thakadur/Mallikarjunar Temple Sundarar 7-12-1
ThangalurSundarar 7-31-6
Thanjakkai/Paranjothi Easwarar Temple Sundarar 7-12-9
Thanjai Appar 6-70-8; Sundarar 7-12-9
Thanjai thalikkulam/Thalikkulanathar Temple Appar 6-51-8, 6-71-10
Thantankurai/Kailasanathar Temple Sundarar 7-12-2
Thantandthottam/Natanapureesvarar Temple Sundarar 7-12-2
Thavathurai/Saptharishishwarar Temple Appar 6-71-11
Thavappalli Appar 6-71-1
Thalikkulam/Ezhumesvaramudayar Temple Appar 6-71-10
Thalicchathangudi/Dharmapureesvarar Temple Appar 6-25-10
ThazhaiyurSundarar 7-12-1
Thingalur/Kailasanathar Temple Appar 6-25-3; Sundarar 7-31-6
Thinticcharam/Thinthirineesvarar Temple Appar 6-7-8, 6-70-9
Tripuranthakam/Simhachalam/Thiripurantakar Temple Appar 6-7-5
Tripuranthakam/Simhachalam/Thiripurantakesvararar Temple Appar 6-7-5

Thirukkulam

Appar 6-71-10
Thirucchirrambalam/Puradhanavaneswarar Temple Sundarar 7-12-4
Thiruthalaiyur Appar
Thirunarkunram/Pasupatheesvarar Temple Sambandar 2-39-9
Thiruppulivanam Appar
Thirumalai/Thirumalai Kovil
Thirumalai/Rajacholeesvarar Temple Sundarar 7-12-7
Thiruvankudi Sambandar 2-39-10
ThiruvadhiraiyanpattinamSundarar 7-31-6
Thiruvamur Appar
Thiruvetty/Thiruvettisvarar Temple Appar 6-7-7
Thudaiyur/Vishamangalesvarar Temple Appar 6-71-4
Thuvaiyur Appar 6-71-4
Thellaru/Thirumoolattanesvarar Temple Appar 6-71-10
Thenkalakkudi/Sathya Vageeswarar Temple Appar 6-71-3
Thenkodi/Rudrakodisvarar Temple Sambandar 2-39-1

Thenpanaiyur

Sundarar 7-12-8
ThennurSundarar 7-12-6
ThengurSundarar 7-12-4, 7-47-6
ThesanurSundarar 7-31-8
Therur Appar 6-25-3
ThevanurSundarar 7-12-6
Thevicchuram/Sundaresvarar Temple Appar 6-7-5
TheranurSundarar 7-31-9
Thenur/Nandhikesvarar Temple Sambandar 1-61-9; Appar 6-41-9
Thozhur/Choleesvarar Temple Appar 6-70-5, 6-71-4
NangalurSundarar 7-31-6
Nandikecchuram/Nandeesvarar Temple Appar 6-71-8
Nandikecchuram/Nandeesvarar Temple Appar 6-71-8
NampanurSundarar 7-12-3
Nallakkudi/Alanduraiappar Temple Appar 6-71-1
Nallathur Appar
Nallarrur/Pasupatheesvarar Temple Appar 6-71-4
Nagalecchuram/Nagesvarar Temple Appar 6-71-8
Nangur/Mathangeesvarar Temple Sundarar 7-1-24, 7-47-6
NalanurSundarar 7-12-3
Nalaru Appar 6-71-10
NalurSundarar 7-31-6
NarranamSundarar 7-38-4
Niyamanallur Appar 6-70-5
Niyamam/Iravathesvarar Temple Appar 6-13-4
NiraikkaduSundarar 7-47-3
NiraiyanurSundarar 7-31-5
NinravurSundarar 7-39-11
Nilamalai Appar 6-71-9
Neduvayil/Soundaresvarar Temple Sambandar 2-39-9; Appar 6-71-7
Neithalvayil/Munivasakasamy Temple Appar 6-71-7
NerkunramCampantar 2-39-9
Panjakkai/Panjapurisvarar Temple Appar 6-70-8
PandaiyurSundarar 7-31-1
Parappalli/Paranjervazhi/Madhyapurisvarar Temple Appar 6-71-1
ParamanurSundarar 7-12-10
Pavvanthiri Appar 6-7-6
Pazhaiyaru/Pazhayarai Vadathali Sambandar 2-39-5; Appar 6-13-1
Pannur/Adhilingesvarar Temple Sundarar 7-12-6
PangurSundarar 7-12-4
PasanurSundarar 7-31-8
PatturSundarar 7-47-1
ParurSundarar 7-47-4
PaynalamSundarar 7-12-6
NasanurSundarar 7-31-8
Pavanasam Appar 6-7-6
Parkulam Appar 6-13-1
Pidavur/Brahmapurisvarar Temple Appar 6-7-6, 6-70-2
Pirambil/Brahmapurisvarar Temple Appar 6-70-6
Piraiyanur Appar
Pudukkudi/Svatharanesvarar Temple Appar 6-71-3
Purichandiram Appar 6-51-10
Purisai nattup purisai/Agastheesvarar Temple Sundarar 7-12-6
Pulivalam/Dakshinakokarnesvarar Temple Appar 6-51-11, 6-70-11
Sindhu Poondurai/Meenakshi Sundaresvarar Temple Appar 6-71-11
Puvanam/Kampaheswarar Temple Appar 6-51-11
Purkudi Appar 6-71-3
PungurSundarar 7-12-4
Pundurai Sambandar 3-92-8; Appar 6-7-11
Puziyur Sambandar 2-39-8
Perundurai/Adi Kailasanathar Temple Appar 6-70-2, 6-71-11
Perumur Appar 6-31-5
Peravur/Aditesvarar Temple Appar 6-70-2, 6-71-4
Peranur Appar 6-31-9, Sundarar 7-31-9
Podhiyinmalai/Papanasanathar temple Sambandar 1-50-10, 1-79-1; Appar 6-70-8
Poikai Appar 6-70-11
Poikainallur/Nandinadesvarar Temple Appar 6-70-11
Poruppalli Appar 6-71-1
Ponnur nattup ponnur/Tirukamesvarar Temple Sundarar 7-12-6
Porrur Sambandar 2-39-8
Makkiccharam Appar 6-71-8
Makanur Appar; Sundarar
Mahameru Appar 6-71-9
Mahenthiramalai Appar 6-71-9
Manarkal/Agastisvarar Temple Appar 6-25-10
Manikkoyil/Tirumeni Azhagar Temple Appar 6-71-5
Manimutham Appar 6-7-6
Mathangudi Sambandar 2-39-10
Mandaram/Mandaravanesvarar Temple Appar 6-70-6
MaraiyanurSundarar 7-31-5
Mahalam/Mahakalesvarar Temple Appar 6-7-11, 6-51-7; Sundarar 7-47-5
Mahaleccuram/Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga Appar 6-71-8
Makudi/Sivalokanathar Temple Appar 6-71-3
Mattur/Satyavasahar Temple Sambandar 2-39-7; Sundarar 7-47-1
Mattur/Valisvarar Temple Sambandar 2-39-7; Sundarar 7-47-1
Manikudi Appar 6-71-3
Mathanam Appar 6-70-8
Manadhi Appar 6-7-4
Mavur Appar 6-7-12
Manthurai/Tirumanthurai/Akshayanathasamy Temple Sambandar
Maranpadi/Thagamthirtthapurisvarar Temple Sambandar 2-39-3
Manirupam Appar 6-7-12
Mizhalainattu mizhalai/Devanathaswamy Temple Sundarar 7-12-5
MiraikkaduSundarar 7-47-3
MuthalvanurSundarar 7-12-3
MundaiyurSundarar 7-31-1
Muzhaiyur/Parasunathar Temple Appar 6-41-9, 6-70-1
Mulanur/Choleesvarar Temple Sundarar 7-12-3
MuthurSundarar 7-47-9
Muvalur/Margasahayesvarar Temple Appar 5-65-8
Mokkaneesvaram/Mokkaneesvarar Temple Sundarar
Vada Kanjanur/Ramalingesvarar Temple Sundarar 7-12-8
VadaperurSundarar 7-31-4
Vidaivaikkudi/Visvanathar Temple Appar 6-71-3
Varandai Sambandar 1-61-3
VarignsaiSundarar 7-39-7
Vazhuvur/Viratteswara Temple Appar 6-70-1, 6-71-2
Valavi Appar 6-13-1
Valaikulam/Nagesvarar Temple Appar 6-50-8, 6-71-10
Vathavur Sambandar 2-39-7
Varanasi/Kashi Vishwanath Temple Sambandar 2-39-7; Appar 6-70-6
VidangalurSundarar 7-31-3
Viratapuram Appar 6-70-6
Vivicchuram/Somarama Appar 6-70-8
VilathurSundarar 7-12-8
Vilathotti/Brahmapurisvarar Temple Appar 6-70-6
Vindamamalai Appar 6-71-9
Vekulicchuram Appar 6-7-11
Venni nattu mizalaiSundarar 7-12-5
VellaruSundarar 7-38-4
Verriyur/Vanmeekanathar Temple Sambandar 2-39-6; Appar 6-70-8; Sundarar 7-12-3
Vengur Appar 6-70-7; Sundarar 7-47-6
Vetham Appar 6-71-9
Vethicchuram Appar 6-70-8
VelanurSundarar 7-12-3
Velarnattu velurSundarar 7-12-8

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Vedapuriswarar Temple, Thiruvedhikudi or Vazhaimadunathar Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva located in Thiruvedhikudi near Tiruvaiyaru, Tamil Nadu, India. The presiding deity is revered in the 7th century Tamil Saiva canonical work, the Tevaram, written by Tamil poet saints known as the nayanars and classified as Paadal Petra Sthalam. The temple is counted as the earliest of all Chola temples.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Padikasu Nathar Temple</span> Hindu temple in Tamil Nadu, India

Padikasu Nathar Temple is a Hindu temple located at Azhagaputhur, a village in the Thanjavur district of Tamil Nadu, India. Shiva is worshiped as Padikasunathar, and is represented by the lingam. His consort Parvati is depicted as Soundaranayagi. The presiding deity is revered in the 7th century Tamil Saiva canonical work, the Tevaram, written by Tamil saint poets known as the nayanars and classified as Paadal Petra Sthalam. The 8th century Saiva saint poet Sundarar has sung praise about the temple in his works.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tiruppaatrurai Adhimooleswarar Temple</span> Hindu temple in Tamil Nadu, India

Tiruppaatrurai Adhimooleswarar Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva (Adhimooleswarar) located at Tirupattrurai in Trichy district of Tamil Nadu, India. The historical name of the place is Tirupalathurai. The temple is revered in the 7th century Tamil Shaiva canon, the Tevaram, written by the Tamil Nayanar saint-poets and thus classified as Paadal Petra Sthalam.

Thirunedunkulam Nedungalanathar Temple is a Tamil temple located at Thirunedunkulam in the Trichy district of Tamil Nadu, India. The historical name of the place is Thirunedungalam. The presiding deity is Shiva, who is locally called Thirunedungalanathar. He is also known as Nithya Sundareswarar. His consort is known as Oppila Nayaki and Mangalanayaki.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Seeyathamangai Ayavandeeswarar Temple</span>

Seeyathamangai Ayavandeeswarar Temple ( Tamil: சீயாத்தமங்கை அயவந்தீசுவரர் கோயில்) is a Hindu temple located at Seeyathamangai in Nagapattinam district, Tamil Nadu, India. Seeyathamangai is also written as Siyathamangai and Tiruchaathamangai. The temple is dedicated to Shiva, as the moolavar presiding deity, in his manifestation as Ayavantheeswarar. His consort, Parvati, is known as Malarkkannammai.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vedapureeswarar temple, Thiruverkadu</span> Hindu temple of Shiva in Thiruverkadu, India

Vedapureeswarar Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to the deity Shiva, located in Thiruverkadu, a Municipality in Tiruvallur district in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Shiva is worshipped as Vedapureeswarar, and is represented by the lingam. His consort Parvati is depicted as Balambigai. The presiding deity is revered in the 7th century Tamil Saiva canonical work, the Tevaram, written by Tamil saint poets known as the Nayanars and classified as Paadal Petra Sthalam.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kachabeswarar temple, Thirukachur</span> Hindu temple in Tamil Nadu, India

Kachabeswarar Temple, Thirukachur is a Hindu temple dedicated to the deity Shiva, located in Thirukachur, a village in Kanchipuram district in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Shiva is worshipped as Kachabeswarar, and is represented by the lingam. His consort Parvati is depicted as Antanatchi and Kanniyumaiyal. The presiding deity is revered in the 7th-century CE Tamil Saiva canonical work, the Tevaram, written by Tamil saint poets known as the Nayanars and classified as Paadal Petra Sthalam. The temple is counted as a twin temple along with Marundeeswarar Temple located in the same village.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Agnipureeswarar Temple, Thirupugalur</span> Hindu temple in Tamil Nadu, India

Agnipureeswarar Temple in Thirupugalur, a village in Nagapattinam district in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu, is dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva. Constructed in the Tamil style of architecture, the temple is believed to have been built during the Cholas period in the 10th century. Shiva is worshipped as Agnipureeswarar and his consort Parvathi as Karundar Kuzhali. The temple is believed to be the place where Saiva saint Appar is believed to have attained salvation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thirukumaresar temple</span> Hindu temple in Tamil Nadu, India

Thirukumaresar Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to the deity Shiva, located in Thirukoodalaiyathoor, a village in Cuddalore district in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Shiva is worshipped as Thirukumaresar, and is represented by the lingam. His consort Parvati is depicted as Verumulai Amman. The presiding deity is revered in the 7th century Tamil Saiva canonical work, the Tevaram, written by Tamil saint poets known as the Nayanars and classified as Paadal Petra Sthalam. The temple is also the birthplace of Saiva saint Tirunilakanta Nayanar

Munivasakasamy Temple, Neithavasal is a Siva temple in Mayiladuthurai district in Tamil Nadu (India). It is at distance of 3 km from Tiruvenkadu Neithalvayil is called by local people as Neithavasal now.

References

  1. ↑ ta:வைப்புத் தலங்கள்
  2. ↑ International review for the history of religions, Volumes 15-17. International Association for the History of Religions, CatchWord (Online service)
  3. ↑ "A comprehensive description of the 275 Shivastalams glorified by the Tevaram hymns". templenet.com. Retrieved 11 January 2011.
  4. ↑ http://www.projectmadurai.org/pm_etexts/pdf/pm0157.pdf. Project Madurai
  5. ↑ http://www.projectmadurai.org/pm_etexts/pdf/pm0182.pdf. Project Madurai
  6. ↑ http://www.projectmadurai.org/pm_etexts/pdf/pm0181.pdf. Project Madurai
  7. ↑ http://www.projectmadurai.org/pm_etexts/pdf/pm0179.pdf. Project Madurai
  8. ↑ http://www.projectmadurai.org/pm_etexts/pdf/pm0186.pdf. Project Madurai
  9. ↑ http://www.projectmadurai.org/pm_etexts/pdf/pm0188.pdf. Project Madurai
  10. ↑ http://www.projectmadurai.org/pm_etexts/pdf/pm0192.pdf. Project Madurai
  11. ↑ http://www.projectmadurai.org/pm_etexts/pdf/pm0196.pdf. Project Madurai
  12. ↑ http://www.projectmadurai.org/pm_etexts/pdf/pm0207.pdf. Project Madurai
  13. ↑ http://www.projectmadurai.org/pm_etexts/pdf/pm0211.pdf. Project Madurai
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