Carboxylesterase 3

CES3
Identifiers
Aliases	CES3 , ES31, carboxylesterase 3
External IDs	OMIM: 605279 MGI: 102773 HomoloGene: 84407 GeneCards: CES3
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 16 (human)
End	66,975,149 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 8 (mouse)
End	105,785,045 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	rectum; ; right lobe of liver; ; gastrocnemius muscle; ; jejunal mucosa; ; duodenum; ; kidney tubule; ; right uterine tube; ; minor salivary gland; ; metanephric glomerulus; ; kidney;
	Top expressed in
	hepatobiliary system; ; liver; ; duodenum; ; proximal tubule; ; pancreas; ; colon; ; ileum; ; jejunum; ; spermatid; ; testicle;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	hydrolase activity ; carboxylic ester hydrolase activity ; sterol esterase activity ; triglyceride lipase activity ; methyl indole-3-acetate esterase activity ;
Cellular component	endoplasmic reticulum lumen ; endoplasmic reticulum ; extracellular exosome ; cytosol ; extracellular space ;
Biological process	xenobiotic metabolic process ; low-density lipoprotein particle clearance ; lipid catabolic process ;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	23491
	382053
	ENSG00000172828
	ENSMUSG00000069922
	Q6UWW8
	Q63880
	NM_001185176 ; NM_001185177 ; NM_012122 ; NM_024922
	NM_001164681 ; NM_198672
	NP_001172105 ; NP_001172106 ; NP_079198
	NP_001158153 ; NP_941074
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Last updated October 29, 2022

Carboxylesterase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CES3 gene.^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]

Function

Carboxylesterase 3 is a member of a large multigene family. The enzymes encoded by these genes are responsible for the hydrolysis of ester- and amide-bond-containing drugs such as cocaine and heroin. They also hydrolyze long-chain fatty acid esters and thioesters. The specific function of this enzyme has not yet been determined; however, it is speculated that carboxylesterases may play a role in lipid metabolism and/or the blood–brain barrier system.^[8]

Related Research Articles

The enzyme carboxylesterase (or carboxylic-ester hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.1; systematic name carboxylic-ester hydrolase) catalyzes reactions of the following form:

Liver carboxylesterase 1 also known as carboxylesterase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CES1 gene. The protein is also historically known as serine esterase 1 (SES1), monocyte esterase and cholesterol ester hydrolase (CEH). Three transcript variants encoding three different isoforms have been found for this gene. The various protein products from isoform a, b and c range in size from 568, 567 and 566 amino acids long, respectively.

Alcohol dehydrogenase class-3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADH5 gene.

Carboxylesterase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CES2 gene. It is a member of the alpha/beta fold hydrolase family.

Sulfatase-modifying factor 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SUMF2 gene.

Attractin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ATRN gene.

Sulfatase-modifying factor 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SUMF1 gene.

Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 24 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the USP24 gene.

Sodium channel subunit beta-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SCN2B gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carbonic anhydrase 14</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Carbonic anhydrase 14 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CA14 gene.

GPI transamidase component PIG-S is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PIGS gene. This gene encodes a protein that is involved in GPI-anchor biosynthesis.

Endothelin-converting enzyme-like 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ECEL1 gene.

Microtubule-associated serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAST1 gene.

Chitobiosyldiphosphodolichol beta-mannosyltransferase is an enzyme that is encoded by ALG1 whose structure and function has been conserved from lower to higher organisms.

A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 12 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADAMTS12 gene.

CYP4X1 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CYP4X1 gene.

Arylsulfatase E, also known as ARSE, is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the ARSE gene.

Ribonuclease H1 also known as RNase H1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RNASEH1 gene. The RNase H1 is a non-specific endonuclease and catalyzes the cleavage of RNA via a hydrolytic mechanism.

Ghk.

Ritalinic acid is a substituted phenethylamine and an inactive major metabolite of the psychostimulant drugs methylphenidate and ethylphenidate. When administered orally, methylphenidate is extensively metabolized in the liver by hydrolysis of the ester group yielding ritalinic acid. The hydrolysis was found to be catalyzed by carboxylesterase 1 (CES1).

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000172828 - Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000069922 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ Mori M, Hosokawa M, Ogasawara Y, Tsukada E, Chiba K (Oct 1999). "cDNA cloning, characterization and stable expression of novel human brain carboxylesterase". FEBS Lett. 458 (1): 17–22. doi: 10.1016/S0014-5793(99)01111-4 . PMID 10518925. S2CID 5792413.
↑ Sanghani SP, Quinney SK, Fredenburg TB, Sun Z, Davis WI, Murry DJ, Cummings OW, Seitz DE, Bosron WF (Oct 2003). "Carboxylesterases expressed in human colon tumor tissue and their role in CPT-11 hydrolysis". Clin Cancer Res. 9 (13): 4983–91. PMID 14581373.
↑ Sanghani SP, Quinney SK, Fredenburg TB, Davis WI, Murry DJ, Bosron WF (Apr 2004). "Hydrolysis of irinotecan and its oxidative metabolites, 7-ethyl-10-[4-N-(5-aminopentanoic acid)-1-piperidino] carbonyloxycamptothecin and 7-ethyl-10-[4-(1-piperidino)-1-amino]-carbonyloxycamptothecin, by human carboxylesterases CES1A1, CES2, and a newly expressed carboxylesterase isoenzyme, CES3". Drug Metab Dispos. 32 (5): 505–11. doi:10.1124/dmd.32.5.505. PMID 15100172.
1 2 "Entrez Gene: CES3 carboxylesterase 3 (brain)".

Lee CV, Hymowitz SG, Wallweber HJ, et al. (2006). "Synthetic anti-BR3 antibodies that mimic BAFF binding and target both human and murine B cells". Blood. 108 (9): 3103–11. doi: 10.1182/blood-2006-03-011031 . PMID 16840730.
Hassel S, Eichner A, Yakymovych M, et al. (2004). "Proteins associated with type II bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR-II) and identified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry". Proteomics. 4 (5): 1346–58. doi:10.1002/pmic.200300770. PMID 15188402. S2CID 6773754.
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi: 10.1038/ng1285 . PMID 14702039.
Clark HF, Gurney AL, Abaya E, et al. (2003). "The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment". Genome Res. 13 (10): 2265–70. doi:10.1101/gr.1293003. PMC 403697 . PMID 12975309.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi: 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . PMC 139241 . PMID 12477932.
Venter JC, Adams MD, Myers EW, et al. (2001). "The sequence of the human genome". Science. 291 (5507): 1304–51. Bibcode:2001Sci...291.1304V. doi: 10.1126/science.1058040 . PMID 11181995.
Aida K, Moore R, Negishi M (1993). "Cloning and nucleotide sequence of a novel, male-predominant carboxylesterase in mouse liver". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1174 (1): 72–4. doi:10.1016/0167-4781(93)90093-s. PMID 7916639.

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000172828 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000069922 - Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid10518925-5] Mori M, Hosokawa M, Ogasawara Y, Tsukada E, Chiba K (Oct 1999). "cDNA cloning, characterization and stable expression of novel human brain carboxylesterase". FEBS Lett. 458 (1): 17–22. doi: 10.1016/S0014-5793(99)01111-4 . PMID 10518925. S2CID 5792413.

[pmid14581373-6] Sanghani SP, Quinney SK, Fredenburg TB, Sun Z, Davis WI, Murry DJ, Cummings OW, Seitz DE, Bosron WF (Oct 2003). "Carboxylesterases expressed in human colon tumor tissue and their role in CPT-11 hydrolysis". Clin Cancer Res. 9 (13): 4983–91. PMID 14581373.

[pmid15100172-7] Sanghani SP, Quinney SK, Fredenburg TB, Davis WI, Murry DJ, Bosron WF (Apr 2004). "Hydrolysis of irinotecan and its oxidative metabolites, 7-ethyl-10-[4-N-(5-aminopentanoic acid)-1-piperidino] carbonyloxycamptothecin and 7-ethyl-10-[4-(1-piperidino)-1-amino]-carbonyloxycamptothecin, by human carboxylesterases CES1A1, CES2, and a newly expressed carboxylesterase isoenzyme, CES3". Drug Metab Dispos. 32 (5): 505–11. doi:10.1124/dmd.32.5.505. PMID 15100172.

[entrez-8] 1 2 "Entrez Gene: CES3 carboxylesterase 3 (brain)".

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v t e Enzymes
Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Diffusion-limited enzyme Coenzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis
Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor Enzyme activator
Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes
Kinetics	Enzyme kinetics Eadie–Hofstee diagram Hanes–Woolf plot Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics
Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list) EC7 Translocases (list)

Carboxylesterase 3

Contents

Function

Related Research Articles

References

Further reading