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This is a comparison of road signs in post-Soviet states: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan.
The road signs of the post-Soviet countries are largely similar to the Soviet road sign system, as these countries were part of the Soviet Union. However, in some countries of the former USSR, some road signs may look different from the Soviet ones. The Soviet Union was a signatory to the 1968 Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals. [1] After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, each of the 15 post-Soviet states adopted its own road sign standard. Many of them use road sign systems that inherited the road sign system used in the Soviet Union before 1991, but with some modifications, except for Estonia and Latvia that use completely different road sign systems. Estonia and Latvia have their own road sign systems, which are very different from the Soviet one. Road signs in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan comply with the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals as well as most European countries. Road signs of the post-Soviet countries may have road signs that are not found in other post-Soviet countries.
The standard for road signs, ГОСТ 10807-78, was initially adopted in the Soviet Union on January 1, 1980, and remained in effect in several years in Russia and some post-Soviet states after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. [2] [3] However, since January 1, 2006, this standard has become invalid in Russia and has been replaced by ГОСТ Р 52290-2004. [4] [5] [6]
Also, a similar road sign system is used in Mongolia, despite the fact that it was never part of the Soviet Union. Road signs in Mongolia are regulated in the MNS 4597:2014 standard. [7] [8]
All post-Soviet states drive on the right, as in the rest of Europe (except for Cyprus, Ireland, Malta, and the United Kingdom). Each of these countries also use metric system; thus speed limits are in kilometres per hour, and distances are in kilometres or metres.
Road signs in each of the 15 post-Soviet countries are regulated by the following documents:
Country | Document |
---|---|
Armenia | Հայաստանի հանրապետության Ճանապարհային երթեվեկության կանոնները եվ տրանսպորտային միջոցների շահագործումն արգելող անսարքությունների եվ պայմանների ցանկը հաստատելու մասին (Hayastani hanrapetut’yan Chanaparhayin yert’evekut’yan kanonnery yev transportayin mijots’neri shahagortsumn argelogh ansark’ut’yunneri yev paymanneri ts’anky hastatelu masin) [9] |
Azerbaijan | Azərbaycan Respublikası Yol Hərəkəti haqqında qanun, Yol nişanları [10] |
Belarus | СТБ 1140-2013 «Технические средства организации дорожного движения. Знаки дорожные. Общие технические условия» (in Russian) / СТБ 1140-2013 «Тэхнічныя сродкі арганізацыі дарожнага руху. Знакі дарожныя. Агульныя тэхнічныя ўмовы» (in Belarusian) [11] |
Estonia | Liiklusmärkide ja teemärgiste tähendused ning nõuded fooridele [12] |
Georgia | საგზაო მოძრაობის შესახებ (Sagzao modzraobis shesakheb) [13] |
Kazakhstan | СТ РК 1412-2017 «Технические средства регулирования дорожного движения. Правила применения» (in Russian) / ҚР СТ 1412-2017 «Жол қозғалысын ұйымдастырудың техникалық құралдары. Қолданылу ережелері» (in Kazakh), [14] СТ РК 1125-2021 «Технические средства организации дорожного движения. Знаки дорожные. Общие технические требования» (in Russian) / ҚР СТ 1125-2021 «Жол қозғалысын ұйымдастырудың техникалық құралдары. Жол белгілері. Жалпы техникалық талаптар» (in Kazakh) [15] [16] |
Kyrgyzstan | Правила дорожного движения (in Russian) / Жол кыймылынын эрежелери (in Kyrgyz), [17] ГОСТ Р 52289-2019 Технические средства организации дорожного движения. Правила применения дорожных знаков, разметки, светофоров, дорожных ограждений и направляющих устройств [18] |
Latvia | LVS 77-1:2016 "Ceļa zīmes. 1. daļa: Ceļa zīmes", LVS 77-2:2016 "Ceļa zīmes. 2. daļa: Uzstādīšanas noteikumi", LVS 77-3:2016 "Ceļa zīmes. 3. daļa: Tehniskās prasības" [19] |
Lithuania | Dėl Kelių eismo taisyklių patvirtinimo [20] |
Moldova | Cu privire la aprobarea modificărilor și completărilor ce se operează în Regulamentul circulației rutiere [21] |
Russia | О Правилах дорожного движения, [22] ГОСТ Р 52289-2019 Технические средства организации дорожного движения. Правила применения дорожных знаков, разметки, светофоров, дорожных ограждений и направляющих устройств [18] |
Tajikistan | Қоидаҳои ҳаракат дар роҳ [23] [24] |
Turkmenistan | Ýol hereketi we howpsuzlygy [25] |
Ukraine | ДСТУ 4100:2021 Безпека дорожнього руху [26] |
Uzbekistan | Yo'l harakati qoidalarini tasdiqlash to'g'risida / Йўл ҳаракати қоидаларини тасдиқлаш тўғрисида [27] |
There may be variations in the post-Soviet states' road signs despite the fact that many of them adopted the road sign system used in the Soviet Union prior to its dissolution in 1991. The main differences between traffic signs in post-Soviet states relate to:
In all post-Soviet states, destinations on direction signs are written in capital letters, except for Ukraine's new road sign system, adopted in 2021.
Most prohibitory signs use a red circle or a red circle with a slash, as in the rest of Europe.
This table below shows the differences in color shades on road signs in post-Soviet states. Some of the post-Soviet states may have different shades of red, blue, green and yellow or amber colors on road signs. The table below lists the hexadecimal codes for the various color shades used on road signs in post-Soviet states.
Armenia | Azerbaijan | Belarus | Estonia | Georgia | Kazakhstan | Kyrgyzstan | Latvia | Lithuania | Moldova | Russia | Tajikistan | Turkmenistan | Ukraine | Uzbekistan | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Red | #ff0000 | #ff0000 | #ff0000 | #f02b30 | #ff0000 | #ff0000 | #ff0000 | #ed1a3a | #ff0000 | #ed1c24 | #ff0000 | #ff0000 | #ff0000 | #da251d | #ff0000 |
Blue | #0d69e1 | #0d69e1 | #0d69e1 | #00a7d1 | #0d69e1 | #0d69e1 | #0d69e1 | #283996 | #0d69e1 | #0000fe | #0d69e1 | #0d69e1 | #0d69e1 | #005da2 | #0d69e1 |
Yellow or orange | #ffcc00 | #ffcc00 | #ffcc00 | #ffde22 | #ffcc00 | #ffcc00 | #ffcc00 | #fedd2e | #ffcc00 | #ffff00 | #ffcc00 | #ffcc00 | #ffcc00 | #fff200 | #ffcc00 |
Green | #00a500 | #00a500 | #00a500 | #57ac1b | #00a500 | #00a500 | #00a500 | #00a650 | #00a500 | #007c02 | #00a500 | #00a500 | #00a500 | #04ae67 | #00a500 |
Soviet Union | Armenia | Azerbaijan | Belarus | Estonia | Georgia | Kazakhstan | Kyrgyzstan | Latvia | Lithuania | Moldova | Russia | Tajikistan | Turkmenistan | Ukraine | Uzbekistan | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stop | ||||||||||||||||
Give Way | ||||||||||||||||
Priority road | ||||||||||||||||
End of priority road | ||||||||||||||||
Give way to oncoming traffic | ||||||||||||||||
Priority over oncoming traffic | ||||||||||||||||
Stop ahead | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Give Way ahead | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Soviet Union | Armenia | Azerbaijan | Belarus | Estonia | Georgia | Kazakhstan | Kyrgyzstan | Latvia | Lithuania | Moldova | Russia | Tajikistan | Turkmenistan | Ukraine | Uzbekistan |
Soviet Union | Armenia | Azerbaijan | Belarus | Estonia | Georgia | Kazakhstan | Kyrgyzstan | Latvia | Lithuania | Moldova | Russia | Tajikistan | Turkmenistan | Ukraine | Uzbekistan | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Curve | ||||||||||||||||
Series of curves | ||||||||||||||||
Crossroads (with priority to the right) | ||||||||||||||||
Crossroads (with a minor road) | ||||||||||||||||
Roundabout | ||||||||||||||||
Traffic signals | ||||||||||||||||
Two-way traffic | ||||||||||||||||
Traffic queues | ||||||||||||||||
Steep ascent | ||||||||||||||||
Steep descent | ||||||||||||||||
Soviet Union | Armenia | Azerbaijan | Belarus | Estonia | Georgia | Kazakhstan | Kyrgyzstan | Latvia | Lithuania | Moldova | Russia | Tajikistan | Turkmenistan | Ukraine | Uzbekistan | |
Pedestrian crossing | ||||||||||||||||
Pedestrians | ||||||||||||||||
Children | ||||||||||||||||
Cyclists | ||||||||||||||||
Domesticated animals | ||||||||||||||||
Wild animals | ||||||||||||||||
Road narrows | ||||||||||||||||
Uneven surface | ||||||||||||||||
Bump | ||||||||||||||||
Dip | ||||||||||||||||
Soviet Union | Armenia | Azerbaijan | Belarus | Estonia | Georgia | Kazakhstan | Kyrgyzstan | Latvia | Lithuania | Moldova | Russia | Tajikistan | Turkmenistan | Ukraine | Uzbekistan | |
Slippery surface | ||||||||||||||||
End of paved surface | ||||||||||||||||
Loose surface material | ||||||||||||||||
Soft or low verges | ||||||||||||||||
Falling rocks | ||||||||||||||||
Crosswinds | ||||||||||||||||
Unprotected body of water | ||||||||||||||||
Opening bridge | ||||||||||||||||
Tunnel | ||||||||||||||||
Low-flying aircraft | ||||||||||||||||
Soviet Union | Armenia | Azerbaijan | Belarus | Estonia | Georgia | Kazakhstan | Kyrgyzstan | Latvia | Lithuania | Moldova | Russia | Tajikistan | Turkmenistan | Ukraine | Uzbekistan | |
Accident | | |||||||||||||||
Blind spot | | |||||||||||||||
Trams | ||||||||||||||||
Level crossing with barriers ahead | ||||||||||||||||
Level crossing without barriers ahead | ||||||||||||||||
Level crossing (single track) | ||||||||||||||||
Level crossing (multiple tracks) | ||||||||||||||||
Roadworks | ||||||||||||||||
Other danger | ||||||||||||||||
Soviet Union | Armenia | Azerbaijan | Belarus | Estonia | Georgia | Kazakhstan | Kyrgyzstan | Latvia | Lithuania | Moldova | Russia | Tajikistan | Turkmenistan | Ukraine | Uzbekistan |
Note: in most post-Soviet countries, crossroads warning signs, including those in Russia and the CIS countries, are classified as priority signs, despite the fact that these signs have a shape typical of warning signs in European countries.
Under the Vienna Convention the begin and end built-up area signs imply a change between built-up area and rural traffic rules including speed limit. In most post-Soviet countries, road signs with the locality name and the object, including river names, on a white or blue background are used. Road signs with the name of the built-up areas on a white background indicate the entrance of the built-up areas, where the maximum speed limit inside them is introduced. Road signs indicating leaving built-up areas on a white background remove the maximum speed limit inside built-up areas and introduce a maximum speed limit outside built-up areas instead. Road signs with the name of the locality on a blue background inform drivers that their car route does not pass through the locality itself, but only through its most remote part. [38] Such signs are not used in Moldova.
In Lithuania, road signs may indicate both the end of a built-up area or locality with its name and the nearest built-up area or locality with an indication of the distance.
In Belarus and Lithuania, road signs with the names of the built-up areas in may also feature a building silhouette.
In Estonia, road signs with the names of the built-up areas on a white background display both their name and building silhouette, or only the building silhouette.
In Armenia and Georgia, road signs with the names of settlements are in two languages: Armenian and English in Armenia, and Georgian and English in Georgia, due to the fact that these countries use scripts other than Cyrillic and Latin in their official languages.
In Ukraine, in accordance with the new road sign standard DSTU 4100:2021, the names of settlements are written in Cyrillic and Latin. [26]
In Moldova, there's a slightly different version of the road sign indicating the entrance of built-up areas: on top, it has the building silhouette on the right and a sign indicating the maximum speed limit on the left, or only the building silhouette in the center, on a yellow background, and on the bottom, it has the name of the built-up area on a white background, similar to Romania.
The table below shows road signs with the name of the country at the entrance to their territory and the countries' general speed limits. Such signs are installed only at the entrance to the country. The maximum speed limit when driving on roads in built-up areas, outside built-up areas and on highways in post-Soviet states may vary depending on their traffic regulations, which establish general speed limits. Most post-Soviet countries use border road signs with the names of the countries that display their flag and/or coat of arms. Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania use border road signs with the name of the country and 12 stars on a blue background, since these countries are European Union members. However, unlike most European Union countries, Estonia has a border road sign with the coat of arms on the left, the 12 stars of the European Union on the right, and the country names EESTI VABARIIK and REPUBLIC OF ESTONIA in Estonian and English, respectively, in the center.
Armenia | Azerbaijan | Belarus | Estonia | Georgia | Kazakhstan | Kyrgyzstan | Latvia | Lithuania | Moldova | Russia | Tajikistan | Turkmenistan | Ukraine | Uzbekistan | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Border sign | | ||||||||||||||
General speed limits |
A raion is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet states. The term is used for both a type of subnational entity and a division of a city. The word is from the French rayon, and is commonly translated as "district" in English.
The post-Soviet states, also referred to as the former Soviet Union (FSU) or the former Soviet republics, are the independent sovereign states that emerged/re-emerged out of the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. Prior to their independence, they existed as Union Republics — top-level constituents of the Soviet Union. There are 15 post-Soviet states in total: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. Each of these countries succeeded their respective Union Republics: the Armenian SSR, the Azerbaijan SSR, the Byelorussian SSR, the Estonian SSR, the Georgian SSR, the Kazakh SSR, the Kirghiz SSR, the Latvian SSR, the Lithuanian SSR, the Moldavian SSR, the Russian SFSR, the Tajik SSR, the Turkmen SSR, the Ukrainian SSR, and the Uzbek SSR. In Russia, the term "near abroad" is sometimes used to refer to other post-Soviet states.
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The Alma-Ata Protocols were the founding declarations and principles of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). The leaders of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus had agreed to the Belovezha Accords on 8 December 1991, declaring the Soviet Union dissolved and forming the CIS. On 21 December 1991, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan agreed to the Alma-Ata Protocols, formally establishing the CIS. The latter agreement included the original three Belavezha signatories, as well as eight additional former Soviet republics. Georgia was the only former republic that did not participate while Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia refused to do so as according to their governments, the Baltic states were illegally incorporated into the USSR in 1940.
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Road signs in Mongolia are similar to the Soviet, British, and other European road sign systems. They ensure that transport vehicles move safely and in an orderly manner, and inform the participants of traffic built-in graphic icons. These icons are regulated in MNS 4597:2014 and comply to the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic and Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals. Despite the fact that Mongolia was never part of the Soviet Union, the MNS 4597:2014 standard for road signs has many similarities with its post-Soviet counterparts based on ГОСТ 10807-78 and ГОСТ Р 52290-2004.
Road signs in Armenia are similar to the signs of other post-Soviet states and most European road sign systems. Armenia is a signatory of the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic and the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals. The Ministry of Transport regulates these icons, while the police enforces them. Road signs ensure transport vehicles move safely and orderly, as well as, to inform both pedestrians and motorists of traffic rules.
Road signs in Kazakhstan are similar to the road sign system of other post-Soviet states that ensure that transport vehicles move safely and orderly, as well as to inform the participants of traffic built-in graphic icons. These icons are governed by the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic and Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals. Road signs are regulated by the СТ РК 1125-2021 standard.
Road signs in Kyrgyzstan are similar to the road sign system of other post-Soviet states that ensure that transport vehicles move safely and orderly, as well as to inform the participants of traffic built-in graphic icons. These icons are governed by the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic and Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals.
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Road signs in Russia ensure that transport vehicles move safely and orderly, as well as to inform the participants of traffic built-in graphic icons. These icons are governed by the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic and Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals. Similar road signs are also used in other post-Soviet countries.
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Road signs in Tajikistan are similar to the signs of other post-Soviet states and most European road sign systems. Like all post-Soviet states, Tajikistan is a signatory of the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic and the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals. Order of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan of June 29, 2017 No. 323 "About Traffic regulations" regulates road signs and markings. Road signs ensure transport vehicles move safely and orderly, as well as, to inform both pedestrians and motorists of traffic rules. Images of road signs are mostly based on the Soviet ГОСТ 10807-78, Belarusian СТБ 1140-2013 and Russian ГОСТ Р 52290-2004 standards.
Road signs in Belarus are similar to the signs used in other post-Soviet states and most European road sign systems. Like all post-Soviet states, Belarus is a signatory to the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic and the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals. Road signs ensure transport vehicles move safely and orderly, as well as, to inform both pedestrians and motorists of traffic rules. Road signs are regulated by the СТБ 1140-2013 standard.
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