"},"population_as_of":{"wt":"2020"},"population_total":{"wt":"2764"},"pop_est_footnotes":{"wt":""},"pop_est_as_of":{"wt":""},"population_est":{"wt":""},"population_density_sq_mi":{"wt":"3.1"},"area codes":{"wt":"[[Area code 785|785]]"},"district":{"wt":"1st"},"time zone":{"wt":"Central"},"website":{"wt":"{{URL|http://oberlinks.com/|oberlinks.com}}"},"coordinates":{"wt":"{{coord|39|48|N|100|28|W|region:US-KS_type:adm2nd_source:GNIS|display=inline,title}}"}},"i":0}}]}" id="mwBw">County in Kansas
Decatur County | |
---|---|
Coordinates: 39°48′N100°28′W / 39.800°N 100.467°W | |
Country | United States |
State | Kansas |
Founded | March 20, 1873 |
Named for | Stephen Decatur, Jr. |
Seat | Oberlin |
Largest city | Oberlin |
Area | |
• Total | 894 sq mi (2,320 km2) |
• Land | 894 sq mi (2,320 km2) |
• Water | 0.6 sq mi (2 km2) 0.07% |
Population | |
• Total | 2,764 |
• Density | 3.1/sq mi (1.2/km2) |
Time zone | UTC−6 (Central) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC−5 (CDT) |
Area code | 785 |
Congressional district | 1st |
Website | oberlinks.com |
Decatur County is a county located in Northwest Kansas. Its county seat and most populous city is Oberlin. [2] As of the 2020 census, the county population was 2,764. [1] The county was named in honor of Stephen Decatur, Jr., a commodore in the United States Navy who served during both Barbary Wars in North Africa, the Quasi-War with France, and the War of 1812 with Britain.
In 1854, the Kansas Territory was organized, then in 1861 Kansas became the 34th U.S. state.
Decatur County was established by an act of the state legislature on 1873-03-20, [3] which defined the original borders of the county as:
Commencing where the east line of range 26 west, intersects the fortieth degree of north latitude; thence south, with the range line, to the first standard parallel; thence west with said parallel to the east line of range 31 west; thence north with said range line to the fortieth degree of north latitude; thence east with said parallel to the place of beginning. [3]
The county had been surveyed the previous year, and its first settlers had been arriving since then. [3]
Independent county government was established on 1879-12-11, by proclamation of Governor John A. Martin in response to a petition. [3] Martin originally proclaimed Oberlin as the county seat, as an initial temporary arrangement. [3] It was chosen as the permanent seat by an election on 1880-02-03. [3]
The county is named for the Navy war hero Commodore Stephen Decatur, Jr., [3] [4] who served during the First Barbary War and the Second Barbary War and the War of 1812.
In 1878, the Sappa Creek valley in Decatur county was the scene of the last raid by Native Americans (Indians) in Kansas. In the Northern Cheyenne Exodus after the Battle of Punished Woman's Fork, a band of Cheyenne needing horses and provisions raged through the valley, killing more than 30 civilians and raping several woman. Several Cheyenne elderly, women, and children were also killed in the region by soldiers and civilians. [5] In Oberlin, the Decatur County Last Indian Raid Museum commemorates the Cheyenne raid. [6] [7]
The county's first newspaper was the Oberlin Herald, established on 1879-06-12 by Humphrey & Counter. [8] Later Oberlin newspapers included the Oberlin Eye and the Oberlin Opinion. [9] The Norcatur Register was published in Norcatur, [9] and there were two more newspapers in Dresden and Jennings as of 1909. [8]
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 894 square miles (2,320 km2), of which 894 square miles (2,320 km2) is land and 0.6 square miles (1.6 km2) (0.07%) is water. [10]
The county is crossed by Beaver Creek and Long Branch Creek in the north, by Sappa Creek in the middle, and by Prairie Dog Creek and South Fork Solomon River in the south. [3] [11] Sappa has two forks, north and south, and Prairie Dog's principal branch is Tom Cat. [11]
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1880 | 4,180 | — | |
1890 | 8,414 | 101.3% | |
1900 | 9,234 | 9.7% | |
1910 | 8,976 | −2.8% | |
1920 | 8,121 | −9.5% | |
1930 | 8,866 | 9.2% | |
1940 | 7,434 | −16.2% | |
1950 | 6,185 | −16.8% | |
1960 | 5,778 | −6.6% | |
1970 | 4,988 | −13.7% | |
1980 | 4,509 | −9.6% | |
1990 | 4,021 | −10.8% | |
2000 | 3,472 | −13.7% | |
2010 | 2,961 | −14.7% | |
2020 | 2,764 | −6.7% | |
2023 (est.) | 2,712 | [12] | −1.9% |
U.S. Decennial Census [13] 1790-1960 [14] 1900-1990 [15] 1990-2000 [16] 2010-2020 [1] |
In 1879 the population was just over 1,500. [8] By 1886 there were 6,300 people in the county, up from 4,067 in 1885. [11] By the 1910 Census this had risen to 8.976. [17]
As of the 2000 census, [18] there were 3,472 people, 1,494 households, and 981 families residing in the county. The population density was 4 people per square mile (1.5 people/km2). There were 1,821 housing units at an average density of 2 per square mile (0.77/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 97.87% White, 0.52% Black or African American, 0.09% Native American, 0.14% Asian, 0.12% Pacific Islander, 0.37% from other races, and 0.89% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.98% of the population.
There were 1,494 households, out of which 25.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.00% were married couples living together, 5.60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.30% were non-families. 32.80% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.83.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 23.60% under the age of 18, 4.70% from 18 to 24, 22.90% from 25 to 44, 22.60% from 45 to 64, and 26.20% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females there were 97.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.40 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $30,257, and the median income for a family was $34,982. Males had a median income of $25,139 versus $17,368 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,348. About 8.00% of families and 11.60% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.20% of those under age 18 and 6.30% of those age 65 or over.
Decatur county is heavily Republican. The last time a democratic candidate carried the county was in 1936 by Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party(ies) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
2024 | 1,177 | 84.49% | 197 | 14.14% | 19 | 1.36% |
2020 | 1,260 | 84.11% | 218 | 14.55% | 20 | 1.34% |
2016 | 1,210 | 83.05% | 178 | 12.22% | 69 | 4.74% |
2012 | 1,218 | 79.50% | 266 | 17.36% | 48 | 3.13% |
2008 | 1,189 | 76.81% | 343 | 22.16% | 16 | 1.03% |
2004 | 1,355 | 77.87% | 355 | 20.40% | 30 | 1.72% |
2000 | 1,255 | 71.35% | 424 | 24.10% | 80 | 4.55% |
1996 | 1,255 | 68.06% | 417 | 22.61% | 172 | 9.33% |
1992 | 940 | 45.00% | 576 | 27.57% | 573 | 27.43% |
1988 | 1,291 | 60.10% | 793 | 36.92% | 64 | 2.98% |
1984 | 1,770 | 78.15% | 467 | 20.62% | 28 | 1.24% |
1980 | 1,642 | 72.98% | 443 | 19.69% | 165 | 7.33% |
1976 | 1,232 | 52.74% | 1,011 | 43.28% | 93 | 3.98% |
1972 | 1,707 | 70.22% | 616 | 25.34% | 108 | 4.44% |
1968 | 1,654 | 65.74% | 652 | 25.91% | 210 | 8.35% |
1964 | 1,382 | 50.96% | 1,314 | 48.45% | 16 | 0.59% |
1960 | 1,846 | 63.83% | 1,038 | 35.89% | 8 | 0.28% |
1956 | 2,028 | 68.58% | 920 | 31.11% | 9 | 0.30% |
1952 | 2,451 | 74.54% | 821 | 24.97% | 16 | 0.49% |
1948 | 1,545 | 51.41% | 1,402 | 46.66% | 58 | 1.93% |
1944 | 1,758 | 59.92% | 1,159 | 39.50% | 17 | 0.58% |
1940 | 2,018 | 56.16% | 1,546 | 43.03% | 29 | 0.81% |
1936 | 1,727 | 42.08% | 2,362 | 57.55% | 15 | 0.37% |
1932 | 1,439 | 36.26% | 2,422 | 61.02% | 108 | 2.72% |
1928 | 2,314 | 66.53% | 1,129 | 32.46% | 35 | 1.01% |
1924 | 1,621 | 46.89% | 1,218 | 35.23% | 618 | 17.88% |
1920 | 1,448 | 51.55% | 1,221 | 43.47% | 140 | 4.98% |
1916 | 1,007 | 27.73% | 2,431 | 66.95% | 193 | 5.32% |
1912 | 256 | 14.88% | 955 | 55.52% | 509 | 29.59% |
1908 | 898 | 39.33% | 1,250 | 54.75% | 135 | 5.91% |
1904 | 1,215 | 59.71% | 411 | 20.20% | 409 | 20.10% |
1900 | 848 | 41.77% | 1,158 | 57.04% | 24 | 1.18% |
1896 | 594 | 36.37% | 1,032 | 63.20% | 7 | 0.43% |
1892 | 619 | 38.59% | 0 | 0.00% | 985 | 61.41% |
1888 | 1,224 | 57.41% | 731 | 34.29% | 177 | 8.30% |
Following amendment to the Kansas Constitution in 1986, the county remained a prohibition, or "dry", county until 2002, when voters approved the sale of alcoholic liquor by the individual drink with a 30% food sales requirement. [20]
There were 101 school districts in the county in 1909. [8]
List of townships / incorporated cities / unincorporated communities / extinct former communities within Decatur County. [21]
‡ means a community has portions in an adjacent county.
The first post office in the county was Sappa, established in April 1874 by postmaster J. A. Rodehaver. [22] It was located where Oberlin now is. [22] In 1886 there were seventeen post offices in the county: Allison, Altory, Bassettville, Cedar Bluffs, Decatur, Hawkeye, Hooker, Jackson, Jenings, Lyle, Oberlin, Norcatur, Sheffield, Shibboleth, Stephen, Traer, and Vallonia. [23]
Decatur County is divided into twenty-five townships. The city of Oberlin is considered governmentally independent and is excluded from the census figures for the townships. In the following table, the population center is the largest city (or cities) included in that township's population total, if it is of a significant size.
This list has remained the same since 1910. [17] In 1886 there had been just eleven: Bassettville, Beaver, Center, Custer. Garfield, Grant, Jennings, Logan, Oberlin, Olive, and Prairie Dog. [11] Originally in 1879, the county commissioners established just six townships: Grant, Beaver, Bassettville, Oberlin, Prairie Dog, and Jennings. [8]
Clay County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas. Its county seat and most populous city is Clay Center. As of the 2020 census, the county population was 8,117. The county was named for Henry Clay, an influential U.S. Senator from Kentucky.
Thomas County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas. Its county seat is Colby. As of the 2020 census, the county population was 7,930. The county was named after George Thomas, a general during the American Civil War.
Rooks County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas. Its county seat is Stockton, and its largest city is Plainville. As of the 2020 census, the county population was 4,919. The county was named for John Rooks, a private in Company I of the 11th Kansas Cavalry Regiment, who died at the Battle of Prairie Grove during the American Civil War.
Riley County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas. Its county seat and largest city is Manhattan. As of the 2020 census, the population was 71,959. The county was named after Bennet Riley, the 7th governor of California, and a Mexican–American War hero. Riley County is home to Fort Riley and Kansas State University.
Pawnee County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas. Its county seat and largest city is Larned. As of the 2020 census, the county population was 6,253. The county is named after the Pawnee tribe.
Norton County is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. Its county seat and largest city is Norton. As of the 2020 census, the county population was 5,459. The county was established in 1867 and named for Orloff Norton, captain of Company L, 15th Kansas Militia Infantry Regiment.
Nemaha County is a county located in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Kansas. Its county seat is Seneca. As of the 2020 census, the county population was 10,273. The county was named for the Nemaha River.
Linn County is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas, located in along the eastern edge of Kansas, and is part of the Kansas City metropolitan area. Its county seat is Mound City, and its most populous city is Pleasanton. As of the 2020 census, the county population was 9,591. The county was named for Lewis Linn, a U.S. Senator from Missouri.
Grant County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas. Its county seat and only city is Ulysses. As of the 2020 census, the county population was 7,352. Both the county and its seat are named after Ulysses Grant, the 18th President of the United States.
Ellis County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas. Its county seat and most populous city is Hays. As of the 2020 census, the county population was 28,934. The county was named for George Ellis, a first lieutenant of the Twelfth Kansas Infantry. Ellis County is the official German Capital of Kansas. German immigrants settled in Hays, Ellis, Victoria, and nearby villages in the 1870s and 1880s.
Elk County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas. Its county seat and most populous city is Howard. As of the 2020 census, the county population was 2,483. The county was named for the Elk River.
Clark County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas. Its county seat and most populous city is Ashland. As of the 2020 census, the county population was 1,991. The county was named after Charles Clarke.
Cheyenne County is a county located in the northwest corner of the U.S. state of Kansas. Its county seat and most populous city is St. Francis. As of the 2020 census, the county population was 2,616. The county was named after the Cheyenne tribe.
Brown County is a county located in the northeast portion of the U.S. state of Kansas. Its county seat and most populous city is Hiawatha. As of the 2020 census, the county population was 9,508. The county was named after Albert G. Brown, a U.S. Senator from Mississippi and Kansas statehood advocate. The Kickapoo Indian Reservation of Kansas, the majority of the Sac and Fox Reservation, and the majority of the Iowa Reservation of Kansas and Nebraska are located within the county.
Jennings is a city in Decatur County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 81.
Norcatur is a city in Decatur County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 159.
Oberlin is a city in and the county seat of Decatur County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,644.
Diamond Creek Township is a township in Chase County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 237.
Oberlin Township is a township in Decatur County, Kansas, USA. As of the 2000 census, its population was 91.
Sappa Creek is a stream in the central Great Plains of North America. A tributary of the Republican River, it flows for 150 miles (240 km) through the American states of Kansas and Nebraska.