Effects of Hurricane Dorian in the Carolinas

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Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
Disc Plain black.svg Tropical cyclone
Solid black.svg Subtropical cyclone
ArrowUp.svg Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

Dorian developed from a tropical wave on August 24 over the Central Atlantic. The storm moved through the Lesser Antilles, and became a hurricane just east of Puerto Rico on August 28. Dorian proceeded to undergo rapid intensification over the next few days, before reaching its peak as a Category 5 hurricane with one-minute sustained winds of 185 mph (295 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 910 mbar (26.87 inHg) by September 1. Dorian made two landfalls in The Bahamas from September 1 to 2; the storm struck Elbow Cay, which is just east of Abaco Island, around 16:40 UTC on September 1. Dorian then struck South Riding Point, Grand Bahama, around 02:15 UTC on September 2, where it remained stationary for the next day or so. After weakening considerably, Dorian began moving northwestward on September 3, parallel to the east coast of Florida. Dwindling in strength, the hurricane turned to the northeast the next day and made landfall at Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, at Category 2 intensity on September 6, with 100 mph (155 km/h) winds and a pressure of 957 mbar (28.26 inHg). Dorian transitioned into an extratropical cyclone, before moving across Nova Scotia and later Newfoundland with hurricane-force winds on September 8. The storm dissipated near Greenland on September 10. [1]

Preparations

South Carolina

The Emergency Operations Center of South Carolina holds a briefing on the hurricane. South Carolina National Guard prepares to respond to Hurricane Dorian's impact to state (48660779981).jpg
The Emergency Operations Center of South Carolina holds a briefing on the hurricane.

Charleston city officials reserved temporary pumps to position in any low-lying areas. Charleston's Stormwater Department began lowering the water levels in lakes. [2] South Carolina officials eased restrictions on the importation of animals into the state to accommodate evacuees. [3] On August 31, Governor Henry McMaster declared a state of emergency for the entire state. [4] The South Carolina Emergency Response Team (SCERT) was put at Operational Condition Level 2, signaling an emergency is likely. [5] On September 1, McMaster ordered evacuations for the coastal sections of eight counties: Colleton, Beaufort, Jasper, Charleston, Dorchester, Berkeley, Horry, and Georgetown, affecting around 830,000 people. Schools and state government offices closed in those counties. Multiple South Carolina highways saw their lanes reversed, including Interstate 26, which had cars driving westbound on eastbound lanes, and US Route 278. [6] [7]

Trucks associated with the South Carolina National Guard prepare to respond to emergencies during Hurricane Dorian. South Carolina National Guard prepares to respond to Hurricane Dorian's impact to state (48660926852).jpg
Trucks associated with the South Carolina National Guard prepare to respond to emergencies during Hurricane Dorian.

Road reversals started early because of the expectation of heavy Labor Day holiday weekend traffic; hotels in the area were at 70% capacity. About 200 coastal hospitals, nursing homes, and assisted living centers were evacuated. On September 1, McMaster asked President Trump for a federal emergency declaration. The state readied 1,000  National Guard troops, 2,200 transportation employees, and 700 state law enforcement officers. State emergency officials had 150,000 sandbags, 10,000 tarps, 500 pallets of ready-to-eat meals, and 750 pallets of water ready. [8] Dozens of volunteers handed out fruit, vegetables, water, and canned food to over 300 people in Charleston. [9] The Myrtle Beach Fire Department implemented double red flag status, preventing people from swimming at local beaches. [10] In Orangeburg, 75 buses stationed along Interstate 26 assisted evacuations. [11] Also, the New Jersey Task Force 1 was sent to help with evacuations over the entire state. [12] The South Carolina Emergency Management Division moved to Operation Condition 1 (OPCON1), suggesting that the state was on full alert. [13] Hospitals exempt from the evacuation still discharged patients who were ready to go home while also postponing elective surgeries. [14] Despite the mandatory evacuations, one of these prisons located in the lowcountry, Ridgeland Correctional Institution decided not to evacuate, citing their updated hurricane standards after Hurricane Hugo struck the area in 1989. [15]

A limited evacuation order was put in place for Joint Base Charleston, and a mandatory evacuation was put in place for Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island and Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort. [16] Beaufort County enforced a curfew from 10:00 P.M. EDT on September 4, 2019, to 6:00 A.M. EDT on September 5, 2019. [17] Sandbags were distributed and parking garages were opened throughout multiple cities. [18] Folly Beach restricted access to the island on the afternoon of September 3. [19] Goats on Goat Island were also evacuated. [20] The Myrtle Beach International Airport canceled flights on September 4 and September 5. [21] Congaree National Park also closed at noon on September 4 due to the approaching hurricane. [22] Hundreds of shelter animals from the coastal Carolinas were sent to Delaware ahead of the storm. Another 200 animals were airlifted by the Brandywine Valley SPCA on September 3, and around 150 were expected to be airlifted later during the day via the Best Friends Animal Society. [23] On Hilton Head Island, the town director of public projects and facilities reported that officials were ready to bring in contractors to survey the beach if erosion occurred. [24] Hilton Head Fire Rescue closed three stations on the island and relocated to University of South Carolina Beaufort; however, the fire rescue left another four open. [17]

North Carolina

The North Carolina National Guard loading supplies on a helicopter in advance of Hurricane Dorian North Carolina National Guard (48696402016).jpg
The North Carolina National Guard loading supplies on a helicopter in advance of Hurricane Dorian

In advance of Dorian, the National Weather Service warned against dangerous rip currents along the shoreline. [25] On August 30, Governor Roy Cooper declared a state of emergency for all of North Carolina. [26] He later requested a federal disaster declaration, [27] which was promptly approved. [28] The governor's office activated the North Carolina Disaster Relief fund to accept donations that would assist the statewide response. [29] Governor Cooper's emergency declaration was matched with more than two dozen state of emergencies at the county level. [30] In advance of the storm, nearly 400,000 residents were put under mandatory evacuations, [31] as they were issued across Dare County, [32] the Outer Banks communities of Corolla and Carova, [33] Carolina Beach, Kure Beach, Wrightsville Beach, Figure Eight Island, [34] and all barrier islands offshore. [35] Officials in Hyde County airlifted residents to shelter. [36] Several people were charged with class two misdemeanors after failing to comply with the evacuation orders in Wrightsville Beach. [37] Less restrictive voluntary evacuations were laid in place for the low-lying areas of Oak Island and the rest of New Hanover County, [38] [34] in addition to the communities of Beaufort, [39] Atlantic Beach, [40] Cape Carteret, [41] and Boiling Springs Lake. [42] Duke University would subsequently evacuate their Marine Lab students from Beaufort, [43] while the bridge to Wrightsville Beach would later close on September 4. [44] In Morehead City, boat owners docked their boats. [45] On Bald Head Island, all day visitors were ordered to leave. [32] On Ocracoke Island, only homeowners and vendors with re-entry passes were allowed on inbound ferries. Priority boarding for ferries leaving the island was suspended, and tolls were waived. The approach of Dorian marked the end of passenger ferry service for the 2019 season there. [46] The National Park Service closed visitor centers and museums throughout the southern Outer Banks while Cape Lookout National Seashore was closed as well. A total of 900 people and 496 vehicles were evacuated off Ocracoke Island. [47] An emergency ferry route was prepared in the case North Carolina Highway 12 was closed. [48]

Members of the North Carolina National Guard evacuating residents before the storm North Carolina National Guard (48689639132).jpg
Members of the North Carolina National Guard evacuating residents before the storm

The North Carolina Department of Transportation suspended construction along evacuation routes, [49] and readied 2,415 employees to respond to disruptions in transportation. The organization assisted in ferry evacuations while also preparing flight teams and drones to survey damage. [50] Fearing a repeat of Hurricane Florence, which wrought unprecedented flooding throughout the Carolinas a year earlier, high water vehicles were staged along Interstate 40. Across the state, 521 National Guard members, 181 high water vehicles, 23 swift water rescue teams, 48 high water vehicle teams, and 19 aircraft were deployed. [51] [48] [52] The University of North Carolina at Wilmington joined dozens of school districts to cancel classes. [25] Downtown, the city opened two parking decks for residents to relocate their vehicles during the storm, [53] and the annual Wilmington Boat Show was cancelled. [42] Ports in both Wilmington and Morehead City were closed. [48] A two-unit Brunswick nuclear power plant was shut down near the city. [54] On September 4, commercial flights at the Wilmington International Airport were grounded. [55] At the Fayetteville Regional Airport, American Airlines cancelled all flights, Delta Airlines cancelled a single flight, and the United Service Organization center was closed. [56] At the upstate Charlotte Douglas International Airport, 121 flights were cancelled and an additional 87 were delayed. [57] American Airlines capped their prices and suspended baggage and pet fees. [58] To accommodate fleeing residents and alleviate concerns about local havens overflowing, two so-called "mega-shelters" were opened in Durham and Clayton. [28] The Charlotte Motor Speedway was also utilized as a shelter, [25] where 69 campsites occupied about 150 people mainly from Wilmington. Statewide, about 65 shelters housed 2,200 evacuees. [59] The USDA Forest Service waived fees for campgrounds in the Nantahala and Pisgah national forests, [60] while local animal sanctuaries throughout The Triangle took in dogs, cats, horses, and livestock. [61] Approximately 9,000 Duke Energy personnel were readied throughout the Carolinas, [62] accompanied by 85 employees from Ameren, Missouri. [63] More than 2,700 active-duty service members staged supplies at Fort Bragg, where manning was reduced, [64] as well as at Maxwell Air Force Base in Alabama. [65] Across five bases in North Carolina, 820 personnel, 26 ships, and 110 aircraft were evacuated. [51] Forty-two firefighters from the Greensboro Fire Department were deployed to the coast. [66] Numerous cities and counties enacted curfews upon the storm's approach. [67] [59] Early voting in North Carolina's 9th congressional district was disrupted as the Bladen County Board of Elections closed. [68] Voting was also impacted in the 3rd congressional district. Ultimately, early voting hours were extended for the in every county of the 3rd congressional district for the special election in that district, and four counties in the 9th congressional district for that district's special election. The date to submit absentee ballots was prolonged. One polling place in Tyrrell County was relocated, as the original polling station was utilized as a command post for emergency relief efforts. [69] While preparing for the storm, an 85-year-old man in neighboring Columbus County fell from a ladder and died. [52] A second man died in Oriental after suffering a heart attack while moving his boat at a marina. [70]

Impact

South Carolina

A fallen tree in Spanish Wells on September 5 Hilton Head Island Fire Rescue - 48682890863.jpg
A fallen tree in Spanish Wells on September 5

On August 28, NWS Charleston expected moderate to major levels of tidal flooding, even if Dorian remained away from Charleston. NWS Charleston also expected the rainfall-induced freshwater flooding threat to increase in the next week. [71]

The highest wind gust associated with Dorian near South Carolina was on Buoy 41004, off the coast of the state, with a wind gust measured at 98 mph (158 km/h). The highest wind gusts recorded onshore were 92 mph (148 km/h) on Dewees Island, while the highest recorded winds on mainland South Carolina were 92 mph (148 km/h) measured on Fripp Island. [72] Market Street in Charleston was submerged in 1 ft (0.30 m) of water, and the Charleston airport recorded about 5 in (130 mm) of rainfall. [73] In Mount Pleasant, two people were killed after a possible lightning strike started a house fire. [74] On September 6, 81 homes in North Charleston sustained damage, with 25 receiving major damage, 24 receiving minor damage, and two being rendered inaccessible. [75] A tree fell on a boy's bedroom in North Charleston, almost completely decimating it. [76] A nearby tree fell on a power line in North Charleston, taking out power to half of a woman's house. [77] A tornado also dropped down in North Myrtle Beach, damaging nine condominiums. [74] Also in North Myrtle Beach, around 4 ft (1.2 m) of storm surge flowed on Ocean Boulevard. [78] Water could be seen rushing outside of the Medical University of South Carolina. [76] About 215 road closures were reported across the state. [79] Most road closures were due to flooding or fallen trees, including more than 13 road closures in Charleston County, where 10 of which were due to flooding, and another 13 in Dorchester County, where 10 were due to fallen trees. [80] At least 248,000 customers of Dominion Energy lost power in the state. Over 500 trees were downed in the Charleston metropolitan area alone. A dozen boats broke their moorings and sank in the Charleston area. Severe beach erosion occurred on the Isle of Palms. [81] Overall, more than 270,000 customers were without power in South Carolina. [82] A peak rainfall of 15.21 in (386 mm) was recorded near Pawleys Island. [83] A study by the College of Charleston completed on September 11 suggested that Dorian caused an estimated $58.6 million in losses to the tourism industry in Charleston. [84] According to the POA in one neighborhood called Hilton Head Plantation on Hilton Head Island, six homes had roof damage and 50 trees were obstructing roadways. [85]

Flooding in Conway after Hurricane Dorian South Carolina National Guard teams up with Conway Police Department during Hurricane Dorian.jpg
Flooding in Conway after Hurricane Dorian

A section of U.S. Route 17 was flooded; however, the route was not shut down. A tree split in half on Marion Square and fell onto Calhoun Street; however, the mess was soon cleaned up. [73] Water in Charleston was reportedly "knee-high" in some streets. [86] Three tornadoes were spawned in Horry County during the storm, with the most intense tornado being ranked an EF1 on the Enhanced Fujita scale. The most intense tornado caused roof damage to homes, lifted up docks, and uprooted trees, after traveling over 4.8 mi (7.7 km), causing over $200,000 in property damage. [87] Along with this tornado, two EF0s were reported. One of them caused damage to a condominium and partially uprooted close to twelve dozen trees. [88] The other EF0 tornado severely damaged two mobile homes, and left seven others with minor damage, while later bringing roof and facade damage to a condominium. [89] The Waccamaw River in Conway crested at 14 ft (4.3 m), around 7 ft (2.1 m) lower than its record of 21 ft (6.4 m) during Hurricane Florence. [90] At Drayton Hall, Dorian uprooted 30 trees, causing the property around $100,000 in damage. [91] A part of a church's roof on James Island was ripped off during the storm. [92] In DeBordieu, storm surge rushed through one neighborhood in the town. [93] A family of six on Saint Helena Island said that they had lost their house and enclosures for over 200 animals. They had also said "It sounded like a freight train coming through the house". [94] On South Island, 42 nests were destroyed, or around 7 percent of the total amount of laid eggs on the island. On Sandy Island, 38 nests were destroyed, or around one third of the total laid eggs. [95]

North Carolina

The effects of Hurricane Dorian were extensive in North Carolina, but not as severe as 2018's Hurricane Florence. [96] On September 4, the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) issued a Slight risk of severe weather for coastal sections of South Carolina, noting that tornadoes would be possible within arcing rainbands, or the outer parts of a hurricane, propagating away from Dorian's center. [97] A Slight risk was likewise issued for coastal North Carolina on September 5. [98] As a maritime warm front progressed northward into the coastal counties of North Carolina during the pre-dawn hours, rising temperatures and dew points contributed to an unstable atmosphere. An already-volatile wind shear environment was noted throughout the region, and the combination of these factors gave way to multiple training supercells—storms that tracked over the same areas repeatedly. [99] The SPC accordingly raised an Enhanced risk later that morning, with an attendant 15% probability of a tornado within 25 miles (40 km) across eastern North Carolina. [100] During the event, 22 tornadoes were confirmed across coastal sections of North Carolina, most short-lived and weak. However, two longer-lived tornadoes of EF2 intensity were confirmed in Sunset Beach and Emerald Isle, causing severe damage to multiple structures, inflicting at least $2 million in property damage. [101]

Flooded roads in Sampson County DORIAN 2019.09.06 Sampson Old Warsaw Rd Six Runs Creek (48691095987).jpg
Flooded roads in Sampson County

In Brunswick County, heavy rainfall led to flash flooding that inundated neighborhoods near Leland. Small creeks flooded areas near Varnamtown and closed roads. U.S. Route 17 near Ocean Isle Beach was closed due to overflow throughout the morning hours of September 6. [102] In Oak Island, 86 properties sustained damage, though only 3 of those were substantially impacted. [103] In New Hanover County, sand dunes reconstructed after Hurricane Florence protected Carolina Beach from significant impacts, with only minor beach erosion noted. Similar effects were observed in Wrightsville Beach. At the Fort Fisher State Recreation Area, high waves from the hurricane destroyed thirteen sea turtle nests. High water covered Route 117 in Castle Hayne with 2 ft (0.61 m) of water, with lesser values elsewhere. Several neighborhood streets in Wilmington were inundated, [102] and the downtown area was flooded as portions of the Cape Fear River overflowed its banks. [104] After a lull in heavy rainfall, a second bout of precipitation late on September 5 forced the closure of roadways throughout Castle Hayne, Wrightsboro, Wilmington, and Ogden. Only a few trees were toppled in this area; however, a 54-year-old man was killed while cutting a fallen tree on September 7. Effects were minimal in neighboring Pender County, where some county roads were closed due to flooding but water receded quickly. Despite initial reports that Topsail Island gained sand during the hurricane, [102] later assessments showed mild but consistent sand loss at local beaches. [105] Farther inland, flash flooding resulted in the closure of several roads throughout Washington, [106] Wilson, [107] Johnston, [108] Sampson, [109] and Craven counties; some roads throughout these communities were washed out. [110] [111] Across Sampson County in particular, 15 roads were closed and a section of road was washed out near Clinton. Multiple stretches of Interstate 40 were inundated near the Sampson–Duplin County line north of Turkey. [112] In Robeson County, a firefighter was injured when a tree fell on his vehicle. [113] Two minor injuries were also reported in Johnston County when a vehicle struck a fallen tree. [114] Wind damage was primarily limited to trees and tree limbs, which caused scattered power outages upon falling onto power lines. At the height of the power outages, about 5,000 people lost electricity in Johnston County, and an additional 2,445 people lost electricity in Wake County. Outages were even less prevalent across western sections of The Triangle, with 48 outages reported in Orange County and 26 in Durham County. [115]

Damaged power lines being repaired in Camp Lejeune Camp Lejeune, NC, Sept. 06 damaged powerline repair (5727150).jpg
Damaged power lines being repaired in Camp Lejeune

After narrow misses in coastal South Carolina and southeastern North Carolina, Hurricane Dorian continued toward the Outer Banks. The core scraped Atlantic Beach, where a small number of buildings suffered minor structural damage to their roofs, siding, or associated signs. Some areas in town were inundated by little more than 3 in (76 mm) of water. [116] In nearby Beaufort, the Duke Marine Lab reported lost shingles, trees down, and a few areas of rainwater intrusion in several buildings. [117] A peak wind gust of 110 mph (180 km/h) was measured at the Cedar Island Ferry Terminal in Cape Lookout. [118] On Cedar Island, storm surge values of 4–6 ft (1.2–1.8 m) and rainfall rates up to 2 in (51 mm) an hour were recorded. [119] The native horse population, typically accustomed to tropical cyclone impacts, succumbed to the rapid rise in water. At least 28 horses were presumed dead as the bodies of some washed ashore and others went missing. [120] Throughout Carteret County, 42,000 people were left without power. [121] Portsmouth reported major damage to 38 historic structures, [122] as well as a cemetery that hosted some of the earliest settlers of the Outer Banks. [123] The eye of Dorian continued northeast to a landfall on Cape Hatteras at 12:35  UTC on September 6. [124] The hurricane pushed water from the Pamlico Sound onto Ocracoke Island, where storm surge values climbed to 6–7 ft (1.8–2.1 m). In just 10 minutes, water levels rose 5 ft (1.5 m), causing extensive damage to homes and businesses. [125] Several hundred residents were stranded and resorted to climbing to their attics to avoid the rapidly-rising waters. [126] Hundreds of vehicles were submerged there. On neighboring Hatteras Island, a 5.32 ft (1.62 m) surge, the second highest on record, [112] inundated many homes and businesses between Buxton and Hatteras Village in several feet of water as wind gusts up to 101 mph (163 km/h) pushed water inland from the Pamlico Sound. [127] The Cape Hatteras Secondary School was badly flooded and suffered damage to over a third of the structure. [128]

Throughout Hyde and Dare counties, heavy rainfall prompted the issuance of flash flood emergencies. [129] In the former county, flooding closed multiple roads. [130] Extensive impacts were recorded throughout Dare County, with 1,126 structures damaged, resulting in property damage of approximately $14.75 million. Additional damage was inflicted to cars, boats, campers, and recreational vehicles, which were not a part of the assessed damage total. [131] Trees were toppled and shingles were ripped off at both the Fort Raleigh National Historic Site and the Wright Brothers National Memorial. [128] Strong east-northeasterly winds pushed water from the Atlantic Ocean into the Albemarle Sound, causing moderate flooding across Camden, [132] Pasquotank, [133] and Perquimans Counties, [134] while also stranding vehicles. [135] Flash flooding at Elizabeth City State University inundated campus streets and the interior entrances of several buildings. [136] Water flowed into the Chowan River in Chowan County, with the gauge in Edenton reaching a maximum height of 3.85 ft (1.17 m). [137] In extreme northeastern North Carolina, anomalous tides of 2.5–3.5 ft (0.76–1.07 m) caused moderate to major coastal flooding across Currituck County. Duck recorded water levels 7.2 ft (2.2 m) above average low tide levels. Access to the Outer Banks via Highway 168 was severed at high tide. [138] A newly built solar farm was damaged in Grandy. [139] In Kill Devil Hills, many homes and businesses were left without pieces of roofing. A quarter of the Avalon Pier was swept away. [140]

Aftermath

South Carolina

The National Guard working to clear a tree in Moncks Corner, South Carolina. South Carolina National Guard (48688242946).jpg
The National Guard working to clear a tree in Moncks Corner, South Carolina.

In Myrtle Beach, a red jeep was found washed up in the sand on September 5, which became widely circulated on social media. [141] On September 9, several Civil War-era cannonballs were discovered by a couple in Folly Beach. People were forced to distance away from the cannonballs while bomb experts hauled them away. [142] On September 30, U.S. President Donald Trump approved a major disaster declaration for South Carolina as requested by Governor Henry McMaster on September 1. Trump also ordered the federal assistance to support emergency work, and to help replace the facilities that were damaged by the hurricane in Beaufort, Berkeley, Charleston, Colleton, Dillon, Dorchester, Georgetown, Horry, Jasper, Marion, and Williamsburg counties, covering damage costs from August 31—September 6. [143] [144] The Governor also planned to invest in $10 million (2019 USD) in the Medical District of Charleston to help fix the problem of flooding in the city. [145] Under the FEMA Public Assistance Program, any state agencies, affected local governments, and a few private non-profit programs were able to apply for federal funding to pay around 75 percent of damages from the storm, including removing debris and repairing roads. [146] Tourist rates dropped down across the state, forcing Hilton Head Island to request $175,000 (2019 USD) for a post—marketing marketing plan. Hotel occupancy rates also went down, including The Mariott Hilton Head Resort & Spa, which has 513 rooms, to only have eight occupied. Another hotel, The Sonesta Resort, only had around 20 to 30 percent of the full occupancy rate. [147] The state overall lost around $117 million in total due to losses from visitor spending. [148] On the Hunting Island State Park Island, 44 volunteers from the Friends of Hunting Island organization came to the park, cleaning up the debris left behind. [149] A dumpster pushed into the Little River after Dorian had not been taken out of the place for months, and the owner of the dumpster was not found. [150] A grand opening for a Panera Bread was delayed after water damage. [151] Many sea turtle nests were destroyed during Dorian, with only a couple thousand of turtles estimated to have survived the storm. [152]

A buoy originally from Port Royal Sound in Beaufort County was discovered on the shore of New Smyrna Beach, Florida, around 14 mi (23 km) south of Daytona Beach, Florida, after being displaced. [153] A family visiting Fripp Island was walking along the beach when they discovered a large package. Upon opening it, they found around 44 lb (20 kg) of cocaine inside it, with a value of $600,000 in total. It was suspected that Dorian's storm surge pushed it ashore, though its origin is still unknown. [154] [155] Drayton Hall raised $250,000 for recovery efforts after the storm. [91] Hilton Head Island saw a 133% increase in snake bites after the storm, with the most common snake-biter being a copperhead snake. [156] Dorian may have also contributed in pushing some birds north into Canada from the Southeastern United States, including a pelican named Ralph, which was pushed onto Cape Breton Island. [157] Pawleys Island underwent a beach nourishment project after Dorian brought sand prices down, restoring around 140 ft (43 m) of land. [158] The City of Charleston sued 24 oil and pipeline firms, saying that they had been directly responsible for causing more damaging and frequent floods. [159] John Tecklenburg, the mayor of Charleston, reported that public work crews from Columbia and Greenville were helping to restore traffic signals. [160] The town of Mount Pleasant considered putting more power lines underground after Dorian took out power to thousands in the town. [161] A couple dozen people showed up at the John McKissick Field at the Summerville High School, after Dorian damaged the state championship board, the goal post, the 25-second clock, and part of a fence in the end zone of the field. [162] In Beaufort County, no schools lost power or water, and thus reopened on September 9, 2019. [163]

Henry McMaster, the Governor of the state, created a 56-person flood commission group to find out why floods in South Carolina became more chronic and damaging, after Dorian brought severe flooding to parts of South Carolina. [164] The South Carolina Department of Transportation after the storm hoped to repair all road signs within two months; however, more vital signs, such as stop signs, were the first priority to fix. [165] Despite some damages in Charleston, most businesses in the city were ready to open up by September 7 or September 8 in the area. [166] Dorian closed the beach at Pawleys Island for months; however, police on the island shared a video of a man removing the beach access barrier to get to the beach at around 6:40 in the evening on March 25, 2020. [167] The storm also "ruffled up the waters", or changed the oxygen level in the ocean waters, which also changed the amount of shrimp that could be caught. This is due to the fact that a certain amount of dissolved oxygen is required for shrimp catching, and storms have repeatedly demonstrated the ability to alter the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water. [168] A meeting took place in Horry County, due to the problem of flooding near South Carolina Highway 90, and also that of rezoning, due to the flooding from previous hurricanes in addition to that caused by Dorian. [169]

North Carolina

Numerous destroyed buildings along the Outer Banks, as seen from a helicopter 190907-H-DO456-007.jpg
Numerous destroyed buildings along the Outer Banks, as seen from a helicopter

In the wake of the storm, Governor Roy Cooper and State House Speaker Tim Moore toured the damage in the Outer Banks, and also throughout Carteret County. [170] On September 14, the Governor sought a disaster declaration for the state; [171] an additional request for federal assistance was sent one week later. [172] More than 8,000 army and air National Guardsmen were mobilized in response to Hurricane Dorian. [173] National Guard members and emergency officials crossed the Pamlico Sound by ferry, arriving on Ocracoke Island with cargo and fuel trucks, generators, and pallets of supplies beginning on September 7. [174] [175] Statewide, 80 roads were closed throughout North Carolina. [176] Two 500 ft (150 m) sections of Highway 12—the primary highway connecting the islands and peninsulas of the Outer Banks—were badly damaged. [128] The North Carolina Department of Transportation reported that Dorian inflicted $40–50 million in damage to roads, with $25–30 million to primary roads and $16–20 million to secondary roads, including $4–5 million to Highway 12 alone. The organization sought funds from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to pay for the damage, having depleted their resources in the wake of multiple lawsuits and the short succession of hurricanes Matthew and Florence. [177] Duke Energy reported that 288,000 customers had their power restored in the wake of the storm. [178] Coastal assessments found at least 54 new inlets cutting from the Atlantic into the Core Sound throughout the Outer Banks. [122] At least 20–25% of the state's crop industry was destroyed, particularly the tobacco crop. Dorian compounded disastrous losses accrued during hurricanes Matthew and Florence from previous years. [179] The National Park Service Incident Management Team deployed 68 employees to survey the aftermath, reporting structural damage to the Long Point cabin camp, which ultimately decided to cancel reservations for the remainder of the season. By September 9, 1,500 residents remained without power. [180] A medical team, an emergency manager, and 100 National Guard members remained on Ocracoke Island to assist in recovery efforts. [181] For weeks after the storm, island officials decided to limit access to residents, non-resident homeowners, and other personnel approved by Hyde County. [182] On Hatteras Island, access was impossible through September 7, as 39 roadways in coastal communities remained closed. [183] Spirit Airlines lost over $25 million, due to flights being cancelled because of Dorian. [184]

A North Carolina-based Lowe's sent 30 specially-trained employees to the coastline for relief work, [185] and the company donated $1 million to aid in Dorian relief efforts. [186] Animal rescue groups saved 109 injured or orphaned squirrels, after the storm destroyed their nests. [187] Walmart gave $500,000 in donations to the Bahamas, North Carolina, and South Carolina to help those areas recover from Hurricane Dorian. [186]

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Hurricane Floyd was a very powerful tropical cyclone which struck the Bahamas and the East Coast of the United States. It was the sixth named storm, fourth hurricane, and third major hurricane in the 1999 Atlantic hurricane season. Floyd triggered the fourth largest evacuation in US history when 2.6 million coastal residents of five states were ordered from their homes as it approached. The hurricane formed off the coast of Africa and lasted from September 7 to 19, becoming extratropical after September 17, and peaked in strength as a very strong Category 4 hurricane. It was among the largest Atlantic hurricanes of its strength ever recorded, in terms of gale-force diameter.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hurricane Connie</span> Category 4 Atlantic hurricane in 1955

Hurricane Connie was a Category 4 hurricane that contributed to significant flooding across the eastern United States in August 1955, just days before Hurricane Diane affected the same general area. Connie formed on August 3 from a tropical wave in the eastern Atlantic Ocean. It moved quickly west-northwestward, strengthening into a hurricane by August 4. Connie first posed a threat to the Lesser Antilles, ultimately passing about 105 mi (169 km) north of the island group. In the United States Virgin Islands, three people died due to the hurricane, and a few homes were destroyed. The outer rainbands produced hurricane-force wind gusts and intense precipitation, reaching 8.65 in (220 mm) in Puerto Rico. On the island, Connie destroyed 60 homes and caused crop damage. After affecting Puerto Rico, Connie reached maximum sustained winds of 140 mph (230 km/h), and a barometric pressure of 944 mbar (27.9 inHg), as observed by the Hurricane Hunters on August 7. The hurricane later weakened, slowed its forward motion, and turned to the north, striking North Carolina on August 12 as a Category 2 on the Saffir-Simpson scale. Connie was the first of three damaging tropical cyclones in the 1955 hurricane season to hit the state, along with Diane and Ione. The storm progressed inland after moving through the Chesapeake Bay region, and was later absorbed by a cold front over Lake Huron on August 15.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hurricane Donna</span> Category 4 Atlantic hurricane in 1960

Hurricane Donna, known in Puerto Rico as Hurricane San Lorenzo, was the strongest hurricane of the 1960 Atlantic hurricane season, and caused severe damage to the Lesser Antilles, the Greater Antilles, and the East Coast of the United States, especially Florida, in August–September. The fifth tropical cyclone, third hurricane, and first major hurricane of the season, Donna developed south of Cape Verde on August 29, spawned by a tropical wave to which 63 deaths from a plane crash in Senegal were attributed. The depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Donna by the following day. Donna moved west-northwestward at roughly 20 mph (32 km/h) and by September 1, it reached hurricane status. Over the next three days, Donna deepened significantly and reached maximum sustained winds of 130 mph (210 km/h) on September 4. Thereafter, it maintained intensity as it struck the Lesser Antilles later that day. On Sint Maarten, the storm left a quarter of the island's population homeless and killed seven people. An additional five deaths were reported in Anguilla, and there were seven other fatalities throughout the Virgin Islands. In Puerto Rico, severe flash flooding led to 107 fatalities, 85 of them in Humacao alone.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hurricane Ivan</span> Category 5 Atlantic hurricane in 2004

Hurricane Ivan was a large, long-lived, and devastating tropical cyclone that caused widespread damage in the Caribbean and United States. The ninth named storm the sixth hurricane and the fourth major hurricane of the active 2004 Atlantic hurricane season, Ivan formed in early September, and reached Category 5 strength on the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale (SSHS). Ivan caused catastrophic damage in Grenada as a strong Category 3 storm, heavy damage in Jamaica as a strong Category 4 storm, and then severe damage in Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands, and the western tip of Cuba as a Category 5 hurricane. After peaking in strength, the hurricane moved north-northwest across the Gulf of Mexico to strike Pensacola/Milton, Florida and Alabama as a strong Category 3 storm, causing significant damage. Ivan dropped heavy rain on the Southeastern United States as it progressed northeastward and eastward through the Eastern United States, becoming an extratropical cyclone on September 18. The remnant low of the storm moved into the western subtropical Atlantic and regenerated into a tropical cyclone on September 22, which then moved across Florida and the Gulf of Mexico, and then into Louisiana and Texas, causing minimal damage. Ivan degenerated into a remnant low on September 24, before dissipating on the next day.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hurricane Dennis (1999)</span> Category 2 Atlantic hurricane in 1999

Hurricane Dennis caused flooding in North Carolina and the Mid-Atlantic states in early September 1999, which would later be compounded by Hurricane Floyd. The fifth tropical cyclone of the season, Dennis developed from a tropical wave to the north of Puerto Rico on August 24. Originally a tropical depression, the system moved west-northwestward and strengthened into a tropical storm despite unfavorable wind shear. The storm became a hurricane by August 26. After striking the Abaco Islands, conditions improved, allowing for Dennis to strengthen into a Category 2 on the Saffir–Simpson scale by August 28. Around this time, Dennis began to move parallel to the Southeastern United States. Early on August 30, the storm peaked with winds of 105 mph (165 km/h). By the following day, steering currents collapsed and the storm interacted with a cold front, causing Dennis to move erratically offshore North Carolina. Wind shear and cold air associated with the front weakened Dennis to a tropical storm on September 1 and removed some of its tropical characteristics. Eventually, warmer ocean temperatures caused some re-strengthening. By September 4, Dennis turned northwestward and made landfall in Cape Lookout, North Carolina, as a strong tropical storm. The storm slowly weakened inland, before transitioning into an extratropical cyclone over western New York on September 7.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hurricane Emily (1993)</span> Category 3 Atlantic hurricane

Hurricane Emily in 1993 caused record flooding in the Outer Banks of North Carolina while remaining just offshore. The fifth named storm and the first yet strongest hurricane of the year's hurricane season, Emily developed from a tropical wave northeast of the Lesser Antilles on August 22, 1993. It moved northwestward and strengthened into a tropical storm on August 25, after becoming nearly stationary southeast of Bermuda. Emily then curved to the southwest but quickly resumed its northwest trajectory while strengthening into a hurricane. Late on August 31, the hurricane reached peak winds of 115 mph (185 km/h) on its approach to North Carolina. Although part of the eye passed over Hatteras Island in the Outer Banks, its absolute center remained 23 mi (37 km)/h) offshore. Gradually weakening, the hurricane swerved away from the coast toward the northeast and later east. Emily stalled again, this time northeast of Bermuda, and dissipated on September 6 to the southeast of Newfoundland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hurricane Gaston (2004)</span> Category 1 Atlantic hurricane in 2004

Hurricane Gaston was a minimal hurricane that made landfall in South Carolina on August 29, 2004. It then crossed North Carolina and Virginia before exiting to the northeast and dissipating. The storm killed nine people – eight of them directly – and caused $130 million (2004 USD) in damage. Gaston produced torrential downpours that inundated Richmond, Virginia. Although originally designated a tropical storm, Gaston was reclassified as a hurricane when post-storm analysis revealed it had maximum sustained winds of 75 mph (120 km/h).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hurricane Helene (1958)</span> Category 4 Atlantic hurricane in 1958

Hurricane Helene was the most intense tropical cyclone of the 1958 Atlantic hurricane season. The eighth tropical storm and fourth hurricane of the year, Helene was formed from a tropical wave east of the Lesser Antilles. Moving steadily westward, the storm slowly intensified, attaining hurricane strength on September 26. As conditions became increasingly favorable for tropical cyclone development, Helene began to rapidly intensify. Nearing the United States East Coast, the hurricane quickly attained Category 4 intensity on September 26, before it subsequently reached its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 150 mph (240 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 930 mbar. The intense hurricane came within 10 mi (16 km) of Cape Fear, North Carolina before recurving out to sea. Accelerating Helene gradually weakened, and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone as it passed over Newfoundland on September 29. Helene's extratropical remnants traversed eastwards across the Atlantic Ocean before dissipating near Great Britain on October 4.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1929 Bahamas hurricane</span> Category 4 Atlantic hurricane in 1929

The 1929 Bahamas hurricane was a high-end Category 4 tropical cyclone whose intensity and slow forward speed led to catastrophic damage in the Bahamas in September 1929, particularly on Andros and New Providence islands. Its erratic path and a lack of nearby weather observations made the hurricane difficult to locate and forecast. The storm later made two landfalls in Florida, killing eleven but causing comparatively light damage. Moisture from the storm led to extensive flooding over the Southeastern United States, particularly along the Savannah River. Across its path from the Bahamas to the mouth of the Saint Lawrence River, the hurricane killed 155 people.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hurricane Dennis (1981)</span> Category 1 Atlantic hurricane in 1981

Hurricane Dennis caused severe flooding in Miami-Dade County, Florida, in August 1981. The tenth tropical cyclone and fourth named storm of the season, Dennis developed from a tropical wave well south of Cabo Verde on August 7. The depression intensified into a tropical storm early the next day. Dennis then encountered strong wind shear, causing the storm to weaken to a tropical depression on August 11. After crossing the Windward Islands on August 12, Dennis degenerated into a tropical wave several hours later over the Caribbean Sea. The wave became a tropical depression again late on August 15 while approaching Cuba. Dennis reintensified into a tropical storm before landfall in Matanzas Province. The cyclone emerged into the Straits of Florida on August 16, before striking the Florida Keys and then mainland Monroe County early the next day. It drifted across Florida, reaching the Atlantic near Cape Canaveral on August 19. Dennis continued to intensify and made landfall near Emerald Isle, North Carolina, but moved east-northeastward and soon tracked offshore. Late on August 20, Dennis deepened into a hurricane with winds of 80 mph (130 km/h), before weakening to a tropical storm over colder waters on August 21. Dennis became extratropical northeast of Bermuda early on August 22 and persisted until being absorbed by a frontal system on August 26.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1945 Homestead hurricane</span> Category 4 Atlantic hurricane

The 1945 Homestead hurricane, known informally as Kappler's hurricane, was the most intense tropical cyclone to strike the U.S. state of Florida since 1935. The ninth tropical storm, third hurricane, and third major hurricane of the season, it developed east-northeast of the Leeward Islands on September 12. Moving briskly west-northwestward, the storm became a major hurricane on September 13. The system moved over the Turks and Caicos Islands the following day and then Andros on September 15. Later that day, the storm peaked as a Category 4 hurricane on the modern-day Saffir–Simpson scale with winds of 130 mph (215 km/h). Late on September 15, the hurricane made landfall on Key Largo and then in southern Dade County, Florida.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2019 Atlantic hurricane season</span>

The 2019 Atlantic hurricane season was the fourth consecutive above-average and damaging season dating back to 2016. The season featured eighteen named storms, however, many storms were weak and short-lived, especially towards the end of the season. Six of those named storms achieved hurricane status, while three intensified into major hurricanes. Two storms became Category 5 hurricanes, marking the fourth consecutive season with at least one Category 5 hurricane, and the third consecutive season to feature at least one storm making landfall at Category 5 intensity. It was also the seventh season on record to have multiple tropical cyclones reaching Category 5 strength, which would not occur again until 2024. The season officially began on June 1 and ended on November 30. These dates historically describe the period each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin and are adopted by convention. However, tropical cyclogenesis is possible at any time of the year, as demonstrated by the formation of Subtropical Storm Andrea on May 20, making this the fifth consecutive year in which a tropical or subtropical cyclone developed outside of the official season.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hurricane Hermine</span> Category 1 Atlantic hurricane in 2016

Hurricane Hermine was the first hurricane to make landfall in Florida since Hurricane Wilma in 2005, and the first to develop in the Gulf of Mexico since Hurricane Ingrid in 2013. The ninth tropical depression, eighth named storm, and fourth hurricane of the 2016 Atlantic hurricane season, Hermine developed in the Florida Straits on August 28 from a long-tracked tropical wave. The precursor system dropped heavy rainfall in portions of the Caribbean, especially the Dominican Republic and Cuba. In the former, the storm damaged more than 200 homes and displaced over 1,000 people. Although some areas of Cuba recorded more than 12 in (300 mm) of rain, the precipitation was generally beneficial due to a severe drought. After being designated on August 29, Hermine shifted northeastwards due to a trough over Georgia and steadily intensified into an 80 mph (130 km/h) Category 1 hurricane just before making landfall in the Florida Panhandle during September 2. After moving inland, Hermine quickly weakened and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on September 3 near the Outer Banks of North Carolina. The remnant system meandered offshore the Northeastern United States before dissipating over southeastern Massachusetts on September 8.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hurricane Matthew</span> Category 5 Atlantic hurricane in 2016

Hurricane Matthew was a powerful tropical cyclone which caused catastrophic damage and a humanitarian crisis in Haiti, as well as widespread devastation in the southeastern United States. The deadliest Atlantic hurricane since Hurricane Stan in 2005, and the first Category 5 Atlantic hurricane since Felix in 2007, Matthew was the thirteenth named storm, fifth hurricane and second major hurricane of the 2016 Atlantic hurricane season. It caused extensive damage to landmasses in the Greater Antilles, and severe damage in several islands of the Bahamas which were still recovering from Joaquin, which had pounded the archipelago nearly a year earlier. Matthew also approached the southeastern United States, but stayed just offshore, paralleling the Florida coastline.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Potential Tropical Cyclone Ten</span> Atlantic potential tropical cyclone in 2017

Potential Tropical Cyclone Ten was a damaging storm that was the tenth tropical disturbance designated by the National Hurricane Center (NHC) during the 2017 Atlantic hurricane season. The disturbance was deemed to have a very high chance of becoming a tropical cyclone while posing a threat to populated areas and was designated a "Potential Tropical Cyclone". The storm caused flooding and brought tropical storm-force winds to parts of the Southeastern United States and the Mid-Atlantic states, particularly Florida and the Carolinas, before going on to affect parts of Atlantic Canada. Potential Tropical Cyclone Ten was the tenth storm that had advisories issued on it by the NHC in 2017, and the only such system that failed to fully develop into a tropical cyclone during that Atlantic hurricane season. Potential Tropical Cyclone Ten originated from a tropical wave that moved off the coast of West Africa on August 13. The disturbance slowly tracked its way westward across the Atlantic Ocean, before reaching Florida in late August. The disturbance came close to developing into a tropical storm while it was situated off the coast of the Carolinas; however, strong wind shear and outflow from Hurricane Harvey prevented the storm from organizing into a tropical cyclone. The system transitioned into an extratropical cyclone instead, and became a strong hurricane-force low to the south of Newfoundland, before being absorbed by another extratropical system near Iceland on September 3.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hurricane Florence</span> Category 4 Atlantic hurricane in 2018

Hurricane Florence was a powerful and long-lived tropical cyclone that caused catastrophic damage in the Carolinas in September 2018, primarily as a result of freshwater flooding due to torrential rain. The sixth named storm, third hurricane, and the first major hurricane of the 2018 Atlantic hurricane season, Florence originated from a strong tropical wave that emerged off the west coast of Africa on August 30, 2018. The wave steadily organized, and strengthened into a tropical depression on the next day near Cape Verde. Progressing along a steady west-northwest trajectory, the system gradually strengthened, acquiring tropical storm strength on September 1. An unexpected bout of rapid intensification ensued on September 4–5, culminating with Florence becoming a Category 4 major hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson scale (SSHWS), with estimated maximum sustained winds of 130 mph (215 km/h). Strong wind shear then led to rapid weakening, and Florence weakened to tropical storm strength on September 7. Shifting steering currents led to a westward turn into a more suitable environment; as a result, Florence reintensified to hurricane strength on September 9 and major hurricane status by the following day. Florence reached peak intensity on September 11, with 1-minute winds of 150 mph (240 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 937 mbar (27.7 inHg). An unexpected eyewall replacement cycle and decreasing oceanic heat content caused a steady weakening trend; however, the storm grew in size at the same time. Early on September 14, Florence made landfall in the United States just south of Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina as a Category 1 hurricane, and weakened further as it slowly moved inland under the influence of weak steering currents. Florence degenerated into a post-tropical cyclone over West Virginia on September 17 and was absorbed by another frontal storm two days later.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hurricane Dorian</span> Category 5 Atlantic hurricane in 2019

Hurricane Dorian was an extremely powerful and catastrophic tropical cyclone, which became the most intense on record to strike The Bahamas. It is tied with the 1935 Labor Day hurricane for the strongest landfall in the Atlantic basin in terms of maximum sustained winds. It is regarded as the worst natural disaster in The Bahamas' recorded history. With winds peaking at 185 mph (295 km/h), it was also one of the most powerful hurricanes recorded in the Atlantic Ocean in terms of 1-minute sustained winds, and the strongest since Wilma in 2005. Dorian was the fourth named storm, second hurricane, the first major hurricane, and the first Category 5 hurricane of the 2019 Atlantic hurricane season. Dorian struck the Abaco Islands on September 1 with maximum sustained winds of 185 mph (295 km/h), tying with the 1935 Labor Day hurricane for the highest wind speeds of an Atlantic hurricane ever recorded at landfall. Dorian went on to strike Grand Bahama at similar intensity, stalling just north of the territory with unrelenting winds for at least 24 hours. The resultant damage to these islands was catastrophic; most structures were flattened or swept to sea, and at least 70,000 people were left homeless. After it ravaged through The Bahamas, Dorian proceeded along the coasts of the Southeastern United States and Atlantic Canada, leaving behind considerable damage and economic losses in those regions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hurricane Isaias</span> Category 1 Atlantic hurricane in 2020

Hurricane Isaias was a destructive tropical cyclone that caused extensive damage across the Caribbean and the East Coast of the United States while also spawning the strongest tropical cyclone-spawned tornado since Hurricane Rita in 2005. The ninth named storm and second hurricane of the extremely active and record-breaking 2020 Atlantic hurricane season, Isaias originated from a vigorous tropical wave off the coast of Africa that was first identified by the National Hurricane Center on July 23. The tropical wave gradually became more organized and obtained gale-force winds on July 28 before organizing into Tropical Storm Isaias on July 30. Isaias marked the earliest ninth named storm on record, surpassing 2005's Hurricane Irene by eight days. Isaias strengthened into a Category 1 hurricane on the next day, reaching an initial peak of 85 mph (140 km/h), with a minimum central pressure of 987 mbar. On August 1, the storm made landfall on North Andros, Bahamas and subsequently weakened to a tropical storm, before paralleling the east coast of Florida and Georgia. As Isaias approached the Carolina coastline, it reintensified back into a hurricane. Soon afterward, Isaias reached its peak intensity, with maximum 1-minute sustained winds of 90 mph (150 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 986 millibars (29.1 inHg), before making landfall near Ocean Isle Beach, North Carolina, at 03:10 UTC on August 4, at the same intensity. The storm proceeded to accelerate up the East Coast of the United States as a strong tropical storm, before transitioning into an extratropical cyclone over Quebec on August 4. Isaias's extratropical remnants persisted for another day, before dissipating on August 5.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1916 Charleston hurricane</span> Category 3 Atlantic hurricane in 1916

The 1916 Charleston hurricane was a tropical cyclone that impacted parts of the Southeastern United States in July 1916. Torrential rainfall associated with the storm as it moved inland led to the Great Flood of 1916: a prolific and destructive flood event affecting portions of the southern Blue Ridge Mountains. This flood accounted for most of the damage and fatalities associated with the hurricane; most of these occurred in North Carolina. The hurricane was first detected as a tropical storm 560 mi (900 km) east of Miami, Florida on July 11. It took an unusually straightforward path towards the Carolinas and strengthened into a hurricane on July 12. The storm's peak sustained winds of 115 mph (185 km/h)—equivalent to a modern-day Category 3 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson scale—were attained on July 13. It made landfall near Charleston, South Carolina, the next morning, and weakened as it continued inland before losing its tropical cyclone status on July 15 over western North Carolina.

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Hurricane Dorian
Dorian 2019-09-06 1226Z.jpg
Hurricane Dorian making landfall in North Carolina on September 6
Effects by region
Dorian 2019-09-01 1641Z.jpg
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