Europium(III) acetate

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Europium(III) acetate
Europium(III) acetate.jpg
Names
Other names
Europium acetate
Identifiers
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Properties
Eu(CH3COO)3
Appearancewhite solid
soluble in water
Related compounds
Other anions
Europium(III) oxide
Europium(III) hydroxide
Europium(III) carbonate
Other cations
Samarium(III) acetate
Gadolinium(III) acetate
Related compounds
 Europium(II) acetate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Europium(III) acetate is an inorganic salt of europium and acetic acid with the chemical formula of Eu(CH3COO)3. In this compound, europium exhibits the +3 oxidation state. It can exist in the anhydrous form, sesquihydrate [lower-alpha 1] [1] and tetrahydrate. [2] Its hydrate molecule is a dimer. [3] [4]

Contents

Preparation

Europium acetate can be obtained by stirring reaction of acetic acid and europium oxide under heating, and then diluting with water and crystallizing: [5]

Eu2O3 + 6 CH3COOH → 2 Eu(CH3COO)3 + 3 H2O

Europium can also directly participate in the reaction: [1]

2 Eu + 6 CH3COOH → 2 Eu(CH3COO)3 + 3 H2↑

Properties

Physical properties

Structure of europium acetate Europium acetate structure.png
Structure of europium acetate

The anhydrous europium acetate crystallizes monoclinically in the space group C2/c (space group no. 15) with the lattice parameters a = 1126.0(3), b = 2900.5(6), c = 799.1( 2) pm and β = 132.03(2)° with four formula units per unit cell. [1] The sesquihydrate crystallizes monoclinically in the space group Cc (No. 9) with the lattice parameters a = 1608.7(2), b = 1665.6(2), c = 839.1(1) pm and β = 115.75( 9)° with four formula units per unit cell. [1] The heat capacity at 280 K is 803±16 J/(mol∙K). [6]

Chemical properties

Europium acetate can be dissolved in water, acidified with acetic acid, and the compound of divalent europium [Eu(CH3COO)2(CH3COOH)(H2O)2] can be obtained by electrochemical reduction. [7]

Europium acetate can be crystallized in excess glacial acetic acid to give the salt [Eu(H(CH3COO)2)3](H2O). [1]

Decomposition

Europium acetate can be decomposed by heating, and the hydrate first loses water to obtain anhydrous, and then passes through basic acetate EuOCH3COO, basic carbonate Eu2O2CO3, and finally obtains europium oxide. [8] The tetrahydrate of europium acetate decomposes in air over 6 stages to europium oxide. [8] [9]

Stage 1 at 135 °C:

Eu(CH3COO)3·4H2O → Eu(CH3COO)3·H2O + 3H2O

Stage 2 at 170 °C:

Eu(CH3COO)3·3H2O → Eu(CH3COO)3·0.5 H2O + 0.5 H2O

Stage 3 at 210 °C:

Eu(CH3COO)3·0.5H2O → Eu(CH3COO)3 + 0.5 H2O

Stage 4 at 310 °C:

Eu(CH3COO)3 → EuO(CH3COO) + C3H6O + CO2

Stage 5 at 390 °C:

2EuO(CH3COO) → Eu2O2[CO3] + C3H6O

Stage 6 at 670 °C:

Eu2O2[CO3] → Eu2O3 + CO2

Notes

  1. ↑ Note: The sesquihydrate of europium(III) acetate has the structure [Eu2(CH3COO)6(H2O)](H2O)2.

Related Research Articles

Acetate Chemical compound

An acetate is a salt formed by the combination of acetic acid with a base. "Acetate" also describes the conjugate base or ion typically found in aqueous solution and written with the chemical formula C
2H
3O−
2. The neutral molecules formed by the combination of the acetate ion and a positive ion are also commonly called "acetates". The simplest of these is hydrogen acetate with corresponding salts, esters, and the polyatomic anion CH
3CO−
2, or CH
3COO−
.

Sodium acetate Chemical compound

Sodium acetate, NaCH3COO, also abbreviated NaOAc, is the sodium salt of acetic acid. This colorless deliquescent salt has a wide range of uses.

Zinc acetate Chemical compound

Zinc acetate is a salt with the formula Zn(CH3CO2)2, which commonly occurs as the dihydrate Zn(CH3CO2)2·2H2O. Both the hydrate and the anhydrous forms are colorless solids that are used as dietary supplements. When used as a food additive, it has the E number E650.

Rhodium(II) acetate Chemical compound

Rhodium(II) acetate is the coordination compound with the formula Rh2(AcO)4, where AcO− is the acetate ion (CH
3CO−
2). This dark green powder is slightly soluble in polar solvents, including water. It is used as a catalyst for cyclopropanation of alkenes. It is a widely studied example of a transition metal carboxylate complex.

Cobalt(II) acetate Chemical compound

Cobalt(II) acetate is the cobalt salt of acetic acid. It is commonly found as the tetrahydrate Co(CH3CO2)2·4 H2O, abbreviated Co(OAc)2·4 H2O. It is used as a catalyst.

Acetic acid Colorless and faint organic acid found in vinegar

Acetic acid, systematically named ethanoic acid, is an acidic, colourless liquid and organic compound with the chemical formula CH3COOH. Vinegar is at least 4% acetic acid by volume, making acetic acid the main component of vinegar apart from water and other trace elements.

Magnesium acetate Chemical compound

Anhydrous magnesium acetate has the chemical formula Mg(C2H3O2)2 and in its hydrated form, magnesium acetate tetrahydrate, it has the chemical formula Mg(CH3COO)2 • 4H2O. In this compound magnesium has an oxidation state of 2+. Magnesium acetate is the magnesium salt of acetic acid. It is deliquescent and upon heating, it decomposes to form magnesium oxide. Magnesium acetate is commonly used as a source of magnesium in biological reactions.

Barium acetate Chemical compound

Barium acetate (Ba(C2H3O2)2) is the salt of barium(II) and acetic acid. Barium acetate is toxic to humans, but has use in chemistry and manufacturing.

Nickel(II) acetate Chemical compound

Nickel(II) acetate is the name for the coordination compounds with the formula Ni(CH3CO2)2·x H2O where x can be 0, 2, and 4. The green tetrahydrate Ni(CH3CO2)2·4 H2O is most common. It is used for electroplating.

Aluminium triacetate, formally named aluminium acetate, is a chemical compound with composition Al(CH
3CO
2)
3. Under standard conditions it appears as a white, water-soluble solid that decomposes on heating at around 200 °C. The triacetate hydrolyses to a mixture of basic hydroxide / acetate salts, and multiple species co-exist in chemical equilibrium, particularly in aqueous solutions of the acetate ion; the name aluminium acetate is commonly used for this mixed system.

The nickel organic acid salts are organic acid salts of nickel. In many of these the ionised organic acid acts as a ligand.

Neodymium acetate Compound of neodymium

Neodymium acetate is an inorganic salt composed of a neodymium atom trication and three acetate groups as anions where neodymium exhibits the +3 oxidation state. It has a chemical formula of Nd(CH3COO)3 although it can be informally referred to as NdAc because Ac is an informal symbol for acetate. It commonly occurs as a light purple powder.

Praseodymium(III) acetate Compound of praseodymium

Praseodymium(III) acetate is an inorganic salt composed of a Praseodymium atom trication and three acetate groups as anions. This compound commonly forms the dihydrate, Pr(O2C2H3)3·2H2O.

Gallium acetate Chemical compound

Gallium acetate is a salt composed of a gallium atom trication and three acetate groups as anions where gallium exhibits the +3 oxidation state. It has a chemical formula of Ga(CH3COO)3 although it can be informally referred to as GaAc because Ac is an informal symbol for acetate. Gallium is moderately water-soluble and decomposes to gallium oxide when heated to around 70 °C. Gallium acetate, like other acetate compounds, is a good precursor to ultra-pure compounds, catalysts and nanoscale materials. Gallium acetate is being considered as a substitute in de-icing compounds like calcium chloride and magnesium chloride.

Lutetium(III) acetate Compound of lutetium

Lutetium(III) acetate is the acetate salt of lutetium with the chemical formula of Lu(CH3COO)3.

Dysprosium(III) acetate Chemical compound

Dysprosium acetate is a hypothetical salt of dysprosium and acetate. Its proposed chemical formula is Dy(CH3COO)3.

Holmium acetate Compound of holmium

Holmium acetate is the acetate salt of holmium, with a chemical formula of Ho(CH3COO)3.

Erbium(III) acetate Chemical compound

Erbium(III) acetate is the acetate salt of erbium, with the proposed chemical formula of Er(CH3COO)3. It can be used to synthesize some optical materials.

Europium compounds Chemical compounds with at least one europium atom

Europium compounds are compounds formed by the lanthanide metal europium (Eu). In these compounds, europium generally exhibits the +3 oxidation state, such as EuCl3, Eu(NO3)3 and Eu(CH3COO)3. Compounds with europium in the +2 oxidation state are also known. The +2 ion of europium is the most stable divalent ion of lanthanide metals in aqueous solution. Lipophilic europium complexes often feature acetylacetonate-like ligands, e.g., Eufod.

Thulium(III) acetate Chemical compound

Thulium(III) acetate is the acetate salt of thulium, with the chemical formula of Tm(CH3COO)3. It can exist in the tetrahydrate or the anhydrous form.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Sonia Gomez Torres, Ingo Pantenburg, Gerd Meyer (2006). "Direct Oxidation of Europium Metal with Acetic Acid: Anhydrous Europium(III) Acetate, Eu(OAc)3, its Sesqui-hydrate, Eu(OAc)3(H2O)1.5, and the "Hydrogendiacetate", [Eu(H(OAc)2)3](H2O)". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie. 632 (12–13): 1989–1994. doi:10.1002/zaac.200600154. ISSN   1521-3749 . Retrieved 2019-02-01.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ↑ Herbert N. McCoy (1939-09-01). "The Salts of Europium". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 61 (9): 2455–2456. doi:10.1021/ja01878a055. ISSN   0002-7863 . Retrieved 2019-02-01.
  3. ↑ P. Starynowicz (1995-12-01). "Structure and spectroscopy of diaqua(μ3-acetato)(acetato-O)(acetic acid-O)europium(II), [Eu(OAc)2(AcOH)(H2O)2]". Polyhedron. 14 (23): 3573–3577. doi:10.1016/0277-5387(95)00174-Q. ISSN   0277-5387 . Retrieved 2019-02-01.
  4. ↑ Cameron J. Kepert, Lu Wei-Min, Peter C. Junk, Brian W. Skelton, Allan H. White (1999). "Structural Systematics of Rare Earth Complexes. X ('Maximally') Hydrated Rare Earth Acetates". Australian Journal of Chemistry. 52 (6): 437. doi:10.1071/CH98041. ISSN   0004-9425 . Retrieved 2020-01-18.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ↑ Tang, Huian; Liu, Yanzhi; Zhao, Aiping. A preparation method of europium acetate [Patent]. CN104387254A. 2015.
  6. ↑ Dobrokhotova, Zh. V.; Fomina, I. G.; Kiskin, M. A.; Bykov, M. A.; Belov, G. V.; Novotortsev, V. M. (2006), "The thermodynamic properties of rare-earth metal binuclear acetates and pivalates", Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry (in German), vol. 80, no. 3, pp. 323-329, doi:10.1134/S0036024406030034, ISSN   0036-0244, S2CID   97590163 {{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ↑ P. Starynowicz (1995-12-01). "Structure and spectroscopy of diaqua(μ3-acetato)(acetato-O)(acetic acid-O)europium(II), [Eu(OAc)2(AcOH)(H2O)2]". Polyhedron. 14 (23): 3573–3577. doi:10.1016/0277-5387(95)00174-Q. ISSN   0277-5387 . Retrieved 2019-02-01.
  8. 1 2 Ogawa M, Manabe K. Thermal Decomposition of Europium (III) Acetate Tetrahydrate Archived 2019-02-01 at the Wayback Machine （酢酸ユウロピウム(III)4水和物の熱分解）. Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan, 1988, 96(1117): 890-893.
  9. ↑ Balboul, Basma A. A.; Zaki, Mohamed I (2011), "Thermal decomposition course of Eu(CH3COO)3·4H2O and the reactivity at the gas/solid interface thus established", Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis (in German), vol. 92, no. 1, pp. 137-142, doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2011.05.004 {{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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