Europium(II) titanate

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Europium(II) titanate
EuTiO3 Pm-3m 2012-EntryWithCollCode187205 Picture 2.jpg
Names
IUPAC name
Europium(II) titanate
Other names
Europium titante
Europium titanium oxide
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
  • InChI=1S/Eu.3O.Ti/q+2;;;;-2
    Key: GJVYVJCMLXKLDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • O=[Ti-2](=O)(=O).[Eu+2]
Properties
EuTiO3
Molar mass 247.829g
AppearanceBlack Solid
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Warning
Related compounds
Other anions
Europium(II) hydride
Europium(II) sulfate
Europium(II) sulfide
Related compounds
 Europium barium titanate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Europium(II) titanate is a black mixed oxide of europium and titanium, with the chemical formula of EuTiO3. It crystallizes in the perovskite structure. [1]

Contents

History

EuTiO3 was first examined in 1966 by McGuire, Shafer, Joenk, Halperin and Pickart where the magnetic structure was examined. [2] This compound received more attention at the beginning of the 21st century (2001 to 2015) due to the low-temperature phase transition to antiferromagnetic behavior at TN = 5.5 K, which has a significant influence on the dielectric constant. [3] [4] [5]

Preparation

Dried Eu2O3 and Ti2O3 are mixed 1:1 and reacted in an argon atmosphere at 1400 °C: [3]

Eu2O3 + Ti2O3 → 2 EuTiO3

The europium is reduced and the titanium is oxidized.

Properties

Europium(II) titanate has two different crystal forms depending on the temperature. The phase transition occurs at 282 K. [3] [6] The low temperature form crystallizes in the tetragonal space group I4/mcm (space group No. 140) with the lattice parameters a = 551.92(2)  pm, c = 781.64(8) pm (measured at 90 K). The higher temperature form has a cubic form with Pm3m (space group No. 221) with lattice parameter a = 390.82(2) pm (measured at 300 K). [3] [7] The transition temperature of the crystal structure from the low-temperature to the high-temperature phase increases with increasing pressure. [8] The compound becomes G-type antiferromagnetic below 5.5 K. [9] The specific heat capacity is 125 J·mol−1·K−1 (at 600 K). [1] 125 J·mol−1·K−1290 K is 7,6 W·m−1·K−1 and the electrical conductivity is 105 (Ω·m)−1(at 330 K). [1]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Strontium titanate</span> Chemical compound

Strontium titanate is an oxide of strontium and titanium with the chemical formula SrTiO3. At room temperature, it is a centrosymmetric paraelectric material with a perovskite structure. At low temperatures it approaches a ferroelectric phase transition with a very large dielectric constant ~104 but remains paraelectric down to the lowest temperatures measured as a result of quantum fluctuations, making it a quantum paraelectric. It was long thought to be a wholly artificial material, until 1982 when its natural counterpart—discovered in Siberia and named tausonite—was recognised by the IMA. Tausonite remains an extremely rare mineral in nature, occurring as very tiny crystals. Its most important application has been in its synthesized form wherein it is occasionally encountered as a diamond simulant, in precision optics, in varistors, and in advanced ceramics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Barium titanate</span> Chemical compound

Barium titanate (BTO) is an inorganic compound with chemical formula BaTiO3. It is the barium salt of metatitanic acid. Barium titanate appears white as a powder and is transparent when prepared as large crystals. It is a ferroelectric, pyroelectric, and piezoelectric ceramic material that exhibits the photorefractive effect. It is used in capacitors, electromechanical transducers and nonlinear optics.

The Burns temperature, Td, is the temperature where a ferroelectric material, previously in paraelectric state, starts to present randomly polarized nanoregions, that are polar precursor clusters. This behaviour is typical of several, but not all, ferroelectric materials, and was observed in lead titanate (PbTiO3), potassium niobate (KNbO3), lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT), lead magnesium niobate (PMN), lead zinc niobate (PZN), K2Sr4(NbO3)10, and strontium barium niobate (SBN), Na1/2Bi1/2O3 (NBT).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lithium titanate</span> Chemical compound

Lithium titanates are chemical compounds of lithium, titanium and oxygen. They are mixed oxides and belong to the titanates. The most important lithium titanates are:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Perovskite</span> Oxide mineral

Perovskite (pronunciation: ) is a calcium titanium oxide mineral composed of calcium titanate (chemical formula CaTiO3). Its name is also applied to the class of compounds which have the same type of crystal structure as CaTiO3, known as the perovskite structure, which has a general chemical formula A2+B4+(X2−)3. Many different cations can be embedded in this structure, allowing the development of diverse engineered materials.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Scanning thermal microscopy</span>

Scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that maps the local temperature and thermal conductivity of an interface. The probe in a scanning thermal microscope is sensitive to local temperatures – providing a nano-scale thermometer. Thermal measurements at the nanometer scale are of both scientific and industrial interest. The technique was invented by Clayton C. Williams and H. Kumar Wickramasinghe in 1986.

Spinons are one of three quasiparticles, along with holons and orbitons, that electrons in solids are able to split into during the process of spin–charge separation, when extremely tightly confined at temperatures close to absolute zero. The electron can always be theoretically considered as a bound state of the three, with the spinon carrying the spin of the electron, the orbiton carrying the orbital location and the holon carrying the charge, but in certain conditions they can behave as independent quasiparticles.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lead titanate</span> Chemical compound

Lead(II) titanate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula PbTiO3. It is the lead salt of titanic acid. Lead(II) titanate is a yellow powder that is insoluble in water.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lanthanum aluminate-strontium titanate interface</span>

The interface between lanthanum aluminate (LaAlO3) and strontium titanate (SrTiO3) is a notable materials interface because it exhibits properties not found in its constituent materials. Individually, LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 are non-magnetic insulators, yet LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces can exhibit electrical metallic conductivity, superconductivity, ferromagnetism, large negative in-plane magnetoresistance, and giant persistent photoconductivity. The study of how these properties emerge at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface is a growing area of research in condensed matter physics.

Lanthanum aluminate is an inorganic compound with the formula LaAlO3, often abbreviated as LAO. It is an optically transparent ceramic oxide with a distorted perovskite structure.

Sodium bismuth titanate or bismuth sodium titanium oxide (NBT or BNT) is a solid inorganic compound of sodium, bismuth, titanium and oxygen with the chemical formula of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 or Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3. This compound adopts the perovskite structure.

Titanium foams exhibit high specific strength, high energy absorption, excellent corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. These materials are ideally suited for applications within the aerospace industry. An inherent resistance to corrosion allows the foam to be a desirable candidate for various filtering applications. Further, titanium's physiological inertness makes its porous form a promising candidate for biomedical implantation devices. The largest advantage in fabricating titanium foams is that the mechanical and functional properties can be adjusted through manufacturing manipulations that vary porosity and cell morphology. The high appeal of titanium foams is directly correlated to a multi-industry demand for advancement in this technology.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dragan Damjanovic</span> Swiss-Bosnian-Herzegovinian materials scientist

Dragan Damjanovic is a Swiss-Bosnian-Herzegovinian materials scientist. From 2008 to 2022, he was a professor of material sciences at EPFL and head of the Group for Ferroelectrics and Functional Oxides.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Europium(II) oxide</span> Chemical compound

Europium(II) oxide (EuO) is a chemical compound which is one of the oxides of europium. In addition to europium(II) oxide, there is also europium(III) oxide and the mixed valence europium(II,III) oxide.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Europium(III) acetate</span> Chemical compound

Europium(III) acetate is an inorganic salt of europium and acetic acid with the chemical formula of Eu(CH3COO)3. In this compound, europium exhibits the +3 oxidation state. It can exist in the anhydrous form, sesquihydrate and tetrahydrate. Its hydrate molecule is a dimer.

Europium(III) chromate is a chemical compound composed of europium, chromium and oxygen with europium in the +3 oxidation state, chromium in the +5 oxidation state and oxygen in the −2 oxidation state. It has the chemical formula of EuCrO4.

Europium(III) oxalate (Eu2(C2O4)3) is a chemical compound of europium and oxalic acid. There are different hydrates including the decahydrate, hexahydrate and tetrahydrate. Europium(II) oxalate is also known.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Europium(III) phosphate</span> Chemical compound

Europium(III) phosphate is one of the phosphates of europium, with the chemical formula of EuPO4. Other phosphates include europium(II) phosphate (Eu3(PO4)2) and europium(II,III) phosphate (Eu3Eu(PO4)3).

References

  1. 1 2 3 1. Muta, Hiroaki (2005). "Thermoelectric Properties of Lanthanum-Doped Europium Titanate". Materials Transactions. 46 (7): 1466–1469. doi: 10.2320/matertrans.46.1466 .{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  2. ↑ T. R. McGuire, M. W. Shafer, R. J. Joenk, H. A. Halperin, and S. J. Pickart (1966). "Magnetic structure of EuTiO3". Journal of Applied Physics. 37 (3): 981. Bibcode:1966JAP....37..981M. doi:10.1063/1.1708549.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. 1 2 3 4 J. Köhler, R. Dinnebier, A. Bussmann-Holder (2012). "Structural instability of EuTiO3 from X-ray powder diffraction". Phase Transitions. 85 (11): 949–955. arXiv: 1205.5374 . Bibcode:2012PhaTr..85..949K. doi:10.1080/01411594.2012.709634. S2CID   94709465.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ↑ S. Kamba, D. Nuzhnyy, P. Vaněk, M. Savinov, K. Knížek, Z. Shen, E. Šantavá, K. Maca, M. Sadowski, J. Petzelt (2007). "Magnetodielectric effect and optic soft mode behaviour in quantum paraelectric EuTiO3 ceramics". Europhysics Letters. 80 (2): 27002. arXiv: 0706.1882 . Bibcode:2007EL.....8027002K. doi:10.1209/0295-5075/80/27002. S2CID   13856279.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ↑ T. Katsufuji and H. Takagi (2001). "Coupling between magnetism and dielectric properties in quantum paraelectric EuTiO3". Physical Review B. 64 (5): 054415-1–054415-4. Bibcode:2001PhRvB..64e4415K. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.64.054415.
  6. ↑ Bussmann-Holder, J. Köhler, R. K. Kremer, J. M. Law (2011). "Relation between structural instabilities in EuTiO3 and SrTiO3". Physical Review B. 83 (21): 212102. arXiv: 1105.6029 . Bibcode:2011PhRvB..83u2102B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.83.212102. S2CID   118638434.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ↑ A. Bussmann-Holder, Z. Guguchia, J. Köhler, H. Keller, A. Shengelaya, A. R. Bishop (2012). "Hybrid paramagnon phonon modes at elevated temperatures in EuTiO3". New Journal of Physics. 14 (9): 093013. arXiv: 1205.6287 . Bibcode:2012NJPh...14i3013B. doi:10.1088/1367-2630/14/9/093013. S2CID   118479381.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ↑ P. Parisiades, E. Liarokapis, J. Köhler, A. Bussmann-Holder, M. Mezouar (2015). "Pressure-temperature phase diagram of multiferroic EuTiO3". Physical Review B. 92 (6): 064102. arXiv: 1505.05049 . Bibcode:2015PhRvB..92f4102P. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.92.064102. S2CID   118250289.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. ↑ Z. Guguchia, H. Keller, A. Bussmann-Holder, J. Köhler, R. K. Kremer (2013). "The low temperature magnetic phase diagram of EuxSr1−xTiO3". European Physical Journal B. 86 (10): 409–412. Bibcode:2013EPJB...86..409G. doi:10.1140/epjb/e2013-40632-y. S2CID   123512501.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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