FGF20

fibroblast growth factor 20
Identifiers
Symbol	FGF20
Entrez	26281
HUGO	3677
OMIM	605558
RefSeq	NM_019851
UniProt	Q9NP95
Other data
Locus	Chr. 8 p22

Last updated March 31, 2019

Fibroblast growth factor 20 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the FGF20 gene.^[1]

Protein biological molecule consisting of chains of amino acid residues

Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, providing structure to cells and organisms, and transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific three-dimensional structure that determines its activity.

In biology, a gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function. During gene expression, the DNA is first copied into RNA. The RNA can be directly functional or be the intermediate template for a protein that performs a function. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic trait. These genes make up different DNA sequences called genotypes. Genotypes along with environmental and developmental factors determine what the phenotypes will be. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes as well as gene–environment interactions. Some genetic traits are instantly visible, such as eye color or number of limbs, and some are not, such as blood type, risk for specific diseases, or the thousands of basic biochemical processes that constitute life.

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and are involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development,^[2] cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. This gene was shown to be expressed in normal brain, particularly the cerebellum. The rat homolog is preferentially expressed in the brain and able to enhance the survival of midbrain dopaminergic neurons in vitro.^[3]

The fibroblast growth factors (FGF) are a family of cell signalling proteins that are involved in a wide variety of processes, most notably as crucial elements for normal development. Any irregularities in their function lead to a range of developmental defects. These growth factors generally act as systemic or locally circulating molecules of extracellular origin that activate cell surface receptors. A defining property of FGFs is that they bind to heparin and heparan sulfate, thus some of them are found to be sequestered in the extracellular matrix of tissues that contains heparan sulfate proteoglycans and they are released locally upon injury or tissue remodeling.

A mitogen is a chemical substance, usually a protein, that induces a cell to begin cell division: mitosis. Mitogenesis is the induction (triggering) of mitosis, typically via a mitogen. The mechanism of action of a mitogen is that it triggers signal transduction pathways involving mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), leading to mitosis.

Related Research Articles

FGF2, also known as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and FGF-β, is a growth factor and signaling protein encoded by the FGF2 gene. It is synthesized primarily as a 155 amino acid polypeptide, resulting in an 18 kDa protein. However, there are four alternate start codons which provide N-terminal extensions of 41, 46, 55, or 133 amino acids, resulting in proteins of 22 kDa, 22.5 kDa, 24 kDa and 34 kDa, respectively. Generally, the 155 aa/18 kDa low molecular weight (LMW) form is considered cytoplasmic and can be secreted from the cell, whereas the high molecular weight (HMW) forms are directed to the cell's nucleus.

FGF1, also known as acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF), is a growth factor and signaling protein encoded by the FGF1 gene. It is synthesized as a 155 amino acid polypeptide, whose mature form is a non-glycosylated 17-18 kDa protein. Fibroblast growth factor protein was first purified in 1975, but soon afterwards others using different conditions isolated acidic FGF, Heparin-binding growth factor-1, and Endothelial cell growth factor-1. Gene sequencing revealed that this group was actually the same growth factor and that FGF1 was a member of a family of FGF proteins.

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Fibroblast growth factor 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGF8 gene.

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Fibroblast growth factor 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGF4 gene.

Fibroblast growth factor 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGF5 gene.

Fibroblast growth factor receptor-like 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGFRL1 gene.

C-type lectin domain family 11 member A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLEC11A gene.

Fibroblast growth factor 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGF6 gene.

Fibroblast growth factor 12 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGF12 gene.

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Fibroblast growth factor 17 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGF17 gene.

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References

↑ Kirikoshi H, Sagara N, Saitoh T, Tanaka K, Sekihara H, Shiokawa K, Katoh M (August 2000). "Molecular cloning and characterization of human FGF-20 on chromosome 8p21.3-p22". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 274 (2): 337–43. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2000.3142. PMID 10913340.
↑ Koga C, Adati N, Nakata K, Mikoshiba K, Furuhata Y, Sato S, Tei H, Sakaki Y, Kurokawa T (August 1999). "Characterization of a novel member of the FGF family, XFGF-20, in Xenopus laevis". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 261 (3): 756–65. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1999.1039. PMID 10441498.
↑ "Entrez Gene: Fibroblast growth factor 20".

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[pmid10913340-1] Kirikoshi H, Sagara N, Saitoh T, Tanaka K, Sekihara H, Shiokawa K, Katoh M (August 2000). "Molecular cloning and characterization of human FGF-20 on chromosome 8p21.3-p22". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 274 (2): 337–43. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2000.3142. PMID 10913340.

[pmid10441498-2] Koga C, Adati N, Nakata K, Mikoshiba K, Furuhata Y, Sato S, Tei H, Sakaki Y, Kurokawa T (August 1999). "Characterization of a novel member of the FGF family, XFGF-20, in Xenopus laevis". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 261 (3): 756–65. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1999.1039. PMID 10441498.

[entrez-3] "Entrez Gene: Fibroblast growth factor 20".