List of TCGFs
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T-cell growth factors acronym: TCGF(s) are signaling molecules collectively called growth factors which stimulate the production and development of T-cells. A number of them have been discovered, among them many members of the interleukin family. The thymus is one organ which releases TCGFs. TCGFs have been able to induce T-cell production outside the body for injection.
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Interleukins (ILs) are a group of cytokines that are expressed and secreted by white blood cells (leukocytes) as well as some other body cells. The human genome encodes more than 50 interleukins and related proteins.
The interleukin 4 is a cytokine that induces differentiation of naive helper T cells (Th0 cells) to Th2 cells. Upon activation by IL-4, Th2 cells subsequently produce additional IL-4 in a positive feedback loop. IL-4 is produced primarily by mast cells, Th2 cells, eosinophils and basophils. It is closely related and has functions similar to IL-13.
Interleukin 3 (IL-3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL3 gene localized on chromosome 5q31.1. Sometimes also called colony-stimulating factor, multi-CSF, mast cell growth factor, MULTI-CSF, MCGF; MGC79398, MGC79399: the protein contains 152 amino acids and its molecular weight is 17 kDa. IL-3 is produced as a monomer by activated T cells, monocytes/macrophages and stroma cells. The major function of IL-3 cytokine is to regulate the concentrations of various blood-cell types. It induces proliferation and differentiation in both early pluripotent stem cells and committed progenitors. It also has many more specific effects like the regeneration of platelets and potentially aids in early antibody isotype switching.
Interleukin 9, also known as IL-9, is a pleiotropic cytokine belonging to the group of interleukins. IL-9 is produced by variety of cells like mast cells, NKT cells, Th2, Th17, Treg, ILC2, and Th9 cells in different amounts. Among them, Th9 cells are regarded as the major CD4+ T cells that produce IL-9.
Interleukin 5 (IL5) is an interleukin produced by type-2 T helper cells and mast cells.
Interleukin 7 (IL-7) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL7 gene.
Interleukin 11 (IL-11) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL11 gene.
Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a cytokine with structural similarity to Interleukin-2 (IL-2). Like IL-2, IL-15 binds to and signals through a complex composed of IL-2/IL-15 receptor beta chain (CD122) and the common gamma chain. IL-15 is secreted by mononuclear phagocytes following infection by virus(es). This cytokine induces the proliferation of natural killer cells, i.e. cells of the innate immune system whose principal role is to kill virally infected cells.
Interleukin 21 (IL-21) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL21 gene.
Interleukin 33 (IL-33) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL33 gene.
Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is protein that in humans is encoded by the IL22 gene.
Interleukin 10 receptor, alpha subunit is a subunit for the interleukin-10 receptor. IL10RA, is its human gene.
Interleukin 9 receptor (IL9R) also known as CD129 is a type I cytokine receptor. IL9R also denotes its human gene.
Interleukin-18-binding protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL18BP gene.
Alpha-taxilin also known as interleukin-14 (IL-14) or high molecular weight B-cell growth factor (HMW-BCGF) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TXLNA gene.
Interleukin 17 receptor A, also known as IL17RA and CDw217, is a human gene.
Interleukin 21 receptor is a type I cytokine receptor. IL21R is its human gene.
Interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL2RB gene. Also known as CD122; IL15RB; P70-75.
Interleukin-17 receptor C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL17RC gene.
The Interleukin-1 family is a group of 11 cytokines that plays a central role in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses to infections or sterile insults.