Lipegfilgrastim

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Lipegfilgrastim
Clinical data
Trade names Lonquex
Other namesXM-22
AHFS/Drugs.com UK Drug Information
Routes of
administration
Subcutaneous injection
Drug class Immunostimulants, colony-stimulating factors [1]
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • AU: S4 (Prescription only) [2]
  • UK: POM (Prescription only) [3]
  • EU:Rx-only
Pharmacokinetic data
Metabolism Saturable proteolytic enzymes (not cytochrome P450 system mediated) [4]
Elimination half-life 32–62 hours [4]
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
UNII
KEGG
ChEMBL
Chemical and physical data
Formula C866H1372N226O258S9+ PEG
Molar mass 39000 g·mol−1

Lipegfilgrastim, sold under the brand name Lonquex, is a medication used to reduce the duration of neutropenia and the incidence of febrile neutropenia in adults. [1] It is given by injection under the skin in the abdomen, upper arm or thigh. [1]

Contents

The most common side effects include nausea as well as bone and muscle pain. [1]

Lipegfilgrastim is similar to granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G‑CSF), a naturally occurring protein in the body that stimulates the production of white blood cells including neutrophils in the bone marrow. [1] Lipegfilgrastim acts in the same way as G‑CSF, increasing the production of neutrophils and thereby helping to reduce the duration of neutropenia and the occurrence of febrile neutropenia (a sign of infection) in people receiving chemotherapy. [1]

Lipegfilgrastim is a filgrastim biosimilar. [1] In lipegfilgrastim, the filgrastim has been 'pegylated' (attached to polyethylene glycol). [1] This slows down the medicine's removal from the body and allows the medicine to be given less often. [1]

Lipegfilgrastim was authorized for medical use in the European Union in July 2013. [1]

Medical uses

Lipegfilgrastim is indicated for the reduction in the duration of neutropenia and the incidence of febrile neutropenia in adults treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy for malignancy (with the exception of chronic myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes). [1]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neutropenia</span> Abnormally low concentration of neutrophils (a type of white blood cell) in the blood

Neutropenia is an abnormally low concentration of neutrophils in the blood. Neutrophils make up the majority of circulating white blood cells and serve as the primary defense against infections by destroying bacteria, bacterial fragments and immunoglobulin-bound viruses in the blood. People with neutropenia are more susceptible to bacterial infections and, without prompt medical attention, the condition may become life-threatening.

Bone marrow suppression also known as myelotoxicity or myelosuppression, is the decrease in production of cells responsible for providing immunity (leukocytes), carrying oxygen (erythrocytes), and/or those responsible for normal blood clotting (thrombocytes). Bone marrow suppression is a serious side effect of chemotherapy and certain drugs affecting the immune system such as azathioprine. The risk is especially high in cytotoxic chemotherapy for leukemia. In the case of non-small-cell lung cancer, myelosuppression predisposition was shown to be modulated by enhancer mutations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor</span> Mammalian protein found in humans

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, also known as colony-stimulating factor 3, is a glycoprotein that stimulates the bone marrow to produce granulocytes and stem cells and release them into the bloodstream.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Filgrastim</span> Medication

Filgrastim, sold under the brand name Neupogen among others, is a medication used to treat low neutrophil count. Low neutrophil counts may occur with HIV/AIDS, following chemotherapy or radiation poisoning, or be of an unknown cause. It may also be used to increase white blood cells for gathering during leukapheresis. It is given either by injection into a vein or under the skin. Filgrastim is a leukocyte growth factor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation</span> Medical procedure to replace blood or immune stem cells

Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) is the transplantation of multipotent hematopoietic stem cells, usually derived from bone marrow, peripheral blood, or umbilical cord blood, in order to replicate inside a patient and produce additional normal blood cells. HSCT may be autologous, syngeneic, or allogeneic.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glycogen storage disease type I</span> Medical condition

Glycogen storage disease type I is an inherited disease that prevents the liver from properly breaking down stored glycogen, which is necessary to maintain adequate blood sugar levels. GSD I is divided into two main types, GSD Ia and GSD Ib, which differ in cause, presentation, and treatment. There are also possibly rarer subtypes, the translocases for inorganic phosphate or glucose ; however, a recent study suggests that the biochemical assays used to differentiate GSD Ic and GSD Id from GSD Ib are not reliable, and are therefore GSD Ib.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor</span> Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), also known as colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2), is a monomeric glycoprotein secreted by macrophages, T cells, mast cells, natural killer cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts that functions as a cytokine. The pharmaceutical analogs of naturally occurring GM-CSF are called sargramostim and molgramostim.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyclic neutropenia</span> Medical condition

Cyclic neutropenia (CyN) is a rare hematologic disorder and form of congenital neutropenia that tends to occur approximately every three weeks and lasting for few days at a time due to changing rates of neutrophil production by the bone marrow. It causes a temporary condition with a low absolute neutrophil count and because the neutrophils make up the majority of circulating white blood cells it places the body at severe risk of inflammation and infection. In comparison to severe congenital neutropenia, it responds well to treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (filgrastim), which increases the neutrophil count, shortens the cycle length, as well decreases the severity and frequency of infections.

Pegfilgrastim, sold under the brand name Neulasta among others, is a PEGylated form of the recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) analog filgrastim. It serves to stimulate the production of white blood cells (neutrophils). Pegfilgrastim was developed by Amgen.

Severe congenital neutropenia (SCN), also often known as Kostmann syndrome or disease, is a group of rare disorders that affect myelopoiesis, causing a congenital form of neutropenia, usually without other physical malformations. SCN manifests in infancy with life-threatening bacterial infections. It causes severe pyogenic infections. It can be caused by autosomal dominant inheritance of the ELANE gene, autosomal recessive inheritance of the HAX1 gene. There is an increased risk of leukemia and myelodysplastic cancers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Febrile neutrophilic dermatosis</span> Medical condition

Sweet syndrome (SS), or acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, is a skin disease characterized by the sudden onset of fever, an elevated white blood cell count, and tender, red, well-demarcated papules and plaques that show dense infiltrates by neutrophil granulocytes on histologic examination.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mucositis</span> Medical condition

Mucositis is the painful inflammation and ulceration of the mucous membranes lining the digestive tract, usually as an adverse effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatment for cancer. Mucositis can occur anywhere along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, but oral mucositis refers to the particular inflammation and ulceration that occurs in the mouth. Oral mucositis is a common and often debilitating complication of cancer treatment.

Febrile neutropenia is the development of fever, often with other signs of infection, in a patient with neutropenia, an abnormally low number of neutrophil granulocytes in the blood. It is an oncologic emergency, and is the most common serious complication in patients with hematopoietic cancers or receiving chemotherapy for cancer. The term neutropenic sepsis is also applied, although it tends to be reserved for patients who are less well. In 50% of cases, an infection is detectable; bacteremia is present in approximately 20% of all patients with this condition.

Autoimmune neutropenia (AIN) is a form of neutropenia which is most common in infants and young children where the body identifies the neutrophils as enemies and makes antibodies to destroy them.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cabazitaxel</span> Chemical compound

Cabazitaxel, sold under the brand name Jevtana, is a semi-synthetic derivative of a natural taxoid. It is a microtubule inhibitor, and the fourth taxane to be approved as a cancer therapy.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are a heterogeneous group of immune cells from the myeloid lineage.

Eflapegrastim, sold under the brand name Rolvedon among others, is a long-acting G-CSF analog developed by Hanmi Pharmaceutical and licensed to Spectrum Pharmaceuticals. Eflapegrastim is a leukocyte growth factor. It is used to reduce the risk of febrile neutropenia in people with non-myeloid malignancies receiving myelosuppressive anti-cancer agents.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trilaciclib</span> Chemical compound

Trilaciclib, sold under the brand name Cosela, is a medication used to reduce the frequency of chemotherapy-induced bone marrow suppression.

A granulocyte transfusion is a medical procedure in which granulocytes are infused into a person's blood. Granulocyte transfusions were historically used to prevent and treat infections in people with neutropenia, but the practice declined in popularity in the 1980s. Interest in the procedure increased in the 1990s due to the development of more effective methods for harvesting granulocytes and a growing population of people with severe neutropenia from chemotherapy. However, the treatment's efficacy remains poorly understood and its use is controversial.

Efbemalenograstim alfa, sold under the brand name Ryzneuta, is a medication used to decrease the incidence of infection in chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. It is a leukocyte growth factor. It is given by subcutaneous injection.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Lonquex EPAR". European Medicines Agency. 17 September 2018. Retrieved 13 July 2020. Text was copied from this source which is copyright European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.
  2. "Prescription medicines: registration of new chemical entities in Australia, 2015". Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). 21 June 2022. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
  3. "Lonquex - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". (emc). 3 September 2019. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  4. 1 2 Hoggatt J, Tate TA, Pelus LM (2015). "Role of lipegfilgrastim in the management of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia". International Journal of Nanomedicine. 10: 2647–2652. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S55796 . PMC   4388090 . PMID   25878498.

Further reading