Belgium
 Belgium Belgia | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Finnish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Brussels | Bryssel | Brussel | Dutch | |
| Bruxelles | French | |||
Below is a list of Finnish language exonyms for places in non-Finnish-speaking areas:
Note that the Finnish language inflects place names where English use prepositions like in and to. These variants can affect any place name and are inflections, not exonyms. For example Mene Birminghamiin means Go to Birmingham .
Foreign place names containing a direction such as South or Upper are often translated, e.g.:
North Carolina → Pohjois-Carolina; Upper Volta → Ylä-Volta
| Belgium Belgia | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Finnish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Brussels | Bryssel | Brussel | Dutch | |
| Bruxelles | French | |||
 China Kiina | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Finnish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Beijing | Peking | |||
| Guangzhou | Kanton | |||
| Nanjing | Nanking | |||
 Cuba Kuuba | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Finnish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Havana | Havanna | La Habana | Spanish | |
 Cyprus Kypros | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Finnish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Nicosia | Nikosia | Lefkoşa | Turkish | |
| Levkosía | Greek | |||
 Denmark Tanska | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Finnish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Copenhagen | Kööpenhamina | København | Danish | |
| Jutland | Jyllanti, Juutinmaa | Jylland | Danish | |
 Egypt Egypti | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Finnish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Alexandria | Aleksandria | Al-Iskandariyya | Standard Arabic | |
| Aswan | Assuan | Aswān | Standard Arabic | |
| Cairo | Kairo | Al-Qahirah | Standard Arabic | |
| Nile river | Niili | an-Nīl | Standard Arabic | |
Estonian and Finnish are quite closely related and share many words that differ only slightly, such as saar (Estonian) and saari (Finnish) for island. Many Estonian toponyms and even people's names are simply translated into Finnish as if they were Finnish words, creating an unlimited number of potentially existing exonyms. Below are only some frequently encountered examples of these, as well as those where the difference is significant.
 Estonia Viro | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Finnish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Emajõgi | Emajoki | Emajõgi | Estonian | |
| Hiiumaa | Hiidenmaa | Hiiumaa | Estonian | |
| Lämmijärv | Kuumajärvi | Lämmijärv | Estonian | |
| Lake Peipus | Peipsijärvi | Peipsi järv | Estonian | |
| Lake Pihkva | Pihkovanjärvi | Pihkva järv | Estonian | |
| Lake Ülemiste | Ülemistejärvi | Ülemiste järv | Estonian | |
| Naissaar | Naissaari | Naissaar | Estonian | |
| Narva river | Narvanjoki | Narva jõgi | Estonian | |
| Reval | Rääveli | Rävala | Estonian | Archaic |
| Saaremaa | Saarenmaa | Saaremaa | Estonian | |
| Suur Munamägi | Iso Munamäki | Suur Munamägi | Estonian | |
| Tallinn | Tallinna | Tallinn | Estonian | |
| Tartu | Tartto | Tartu | Estonian | |
| Võrtsjärv | Võrtsjärvi | Võrtsjärv | Estonian | |
 Finland Suomi | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Finnish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Åland | Ahvenanmaa | Åland | Swedish | |
| Bergö | Susiluoto | Bergö | Swedish | |
| Brandö | Präntiö | Brandö | Swedish | |
| Delet | Teili | Delet | Swedish | |
| Hammarland | Hammarlanti | Hammarland | Swedish | |
| Karlby | Kaarlenkylä | Karlby | Swedish | |
| Kökar | Köökari [1] | Kökar | Swedish | |
| Korsnäs | Korsnääsi, Ristitaipale [2] | Korsnäs | Swedish | |
| Korsö | Koskenpää | Korsö | Swedish | |
| Kumlinge | Kumlinki | Kumlinge | Swedish | |
| Lappvesi | Lappvesi | Swedish | ||
| Lemland | Lemlanti [3] | Lemland | Swedish | |
| Liljendal | Liljentaali | Liljendal | Swedish | |
| Lumparland | Lumparlanti [4] | Lumparland | Swedish | |
| Mariehamn | Maarianhamina [5] | Mariehamn | Swedish | |
| Lumparn | Lumpari | Lumparn | Swedish | |
| Sålis | Suolaksi | Sålis | Swedish | |
The Swedish names for the above are commonly (if not exclusively) used in modern-day Finnish. [6] Korsnäs in Ostrobothnia should not be confused with other locations in Finland with the same name (see Korsnäs (disambiguation)).
Areas with both Finnish-, and Swedish-speaking inhabitants have endonymic place names in both languages. Due to changing demographics, some monolingually Swedish areas have historical Finnish names inherited from earlier Finnish-speaking inhabitants. For example, Molpe, a village of Korsnäs is Moikipää in Finnish.
 France Ranska | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Finnish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Corsica | Korsika | Corse | French | |
| Nice | Nizza | Nice | French | |
| Paris | Pariisi | Paris | French | |
 Germany Saksa | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Finnish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Bavaria | Baijeri | Bayern | German | |
| Berlin | Berliini | |||
| Danube river | Tonava | Donau | ||
| Hamburg | Hampuri | |||
| Lübeck | Lyypekki | |||
| Prussia | Preussi | Preußen | German | historic state |
| Rhine river | Rein | Rhein | ||
| Rheinland | Reininmaa | |||
| Saxony | Saksi | Sachsen | German | |
Ancient transcriptions that do not reflect modern pronunciation are used in some cases, e.g. Herakleion ("Iraklion").
 Greece Kreikka | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Finnish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Athens | Ateena | Athína | Greek | |
| Corfu | Korfu | Kerkýra | Greek | |
| Crete | Kreeta | Kríti | Greek | |
| Piraeus | Pireus | Piraiás | Greek | |
 Iran | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Finnish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Tehrān | Teheran | Tehrān | Persian | |
 Israel | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Finnish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Dead sea | Kuollutmeri | Al-Bahr al-Mayyit | Arabic | |
| Yam ha-Melah | Hebrew | |||
| Jerusalem | Jerusalem | Al-Quds | Arabic | |
| Yerushalayim | Hebrew | |||
 Italy Italia | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Finnish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Pompeii | Pompeiji | Pompeii | Latin | ancient city |
| Pompei | Italian | |||
| Rome | Rooma | Roma | Italian | |
| Sicily | Sisilia | Sicilia | Italian | |
| Venice | Venetsia | Venezia | Italian | |
 Latvia | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Finnish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Daugava river | Väinäjoki | Daugava | Latvian | |
| Daugavpils | Väinänlinna | Daugavpils | Latvian | |
| Riga | Riika | Rīga | Latvian | |
| Salacgrīva | Salatsi | Salacgrīva | Latvian | |
| Valka | Valga | Valka | Latvian | |
 Lebanon Libanon | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Finnish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Beqaa Valley | Bekaanlaakso | Wādī l-Biqā' | Arabic | |
| Mount Hermon | Hermonvuori | Har Hermon | Hebrew | |
| Jabal al-Shaykh, Jabal Haramun | Arabic | |||
| Mount Lebanon range | Libanonvuoret | Ṭūr Levnon | Syriac | |
| Jabal Lubnān | Arabic | |||
| Tripoli | Tripoli, Tripolis | Ṭarābulus | Arabic | |
| Tyre | Tyros, Tyyros | Ṣūr | Arabic, Phoenician | |
 Lithuania Liettua | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Finnish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Vilnius | Vilna | Vilnius | Lithuanian | |
 Norway Norja | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norwegian name | Finnish name | Other endonyms | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Albert I Land | Albert I:n maa | |||
| Alta | Alattio | Áltá | North Sami | Finnish Alattio or Alta |
| Altaelva | Alattionjoki or Altajoki | Álttáeatnu Álaheajeatnu | North Sami North Sami | |
| Altafjorden | Alattionvuono or Altavuono | Álttávuonna Álaheajvuonna | North Sami North Sami | |
| Bjørnøya | Karhusaari | |||
| Boknafjorden | Boknavuono | |||
| Bouvetøya | Bouvet'nsaari | |||
| Bugøynes | Pykeija | Pykeijä Buođggák | Kven North Sami | |
| Bünsow Land | Bünsowinmaa | |||
| Børselv | Pyssyjoki | Bissojohka | North Sami | |
| Danskøya | Tanskansaari | |||
| Dicksonfjorden | Dicksoninvuono | |||
| Dickson Land | Dicksoninmaa | |||
| Drammenselva | Drammeninjoki | |||
| Drammensfjorden | Drammeninvuono | |||
| Dronning Maud Land | Kuningatar Maudin maa | |||
| Finnmarksvidda | Ruijan ylänkö | |||
| Geirangerfjorden | Geirangerinvuono | |||
| Gustav Adolf Land | Gustav Adolfin maa | |||
| Gustav V Land | Gustav V:n maa | |||
| Hardangerfjorden | Hardangerinvuono | |||
| Heer Land | Heerinmaa | |||
| Hinlopenstretet | Hinlopeninsalmi | |||
| Haakon VII Land | Haakon VII:n maa | |||
| Jakobselva (Grense J.) | Vuoremijoki | Vuorjám(johka) | North Sami | |
| Jakobselva (Vestre Jakobselv) | Annijoki | Ánnejohka | North Sami | |
| Kapp Norvegia | Norvegianniemi | |||
| Karasjok | Kaarasjoki | Kárášjohka | North Sami | |
| Kautokeino | Koutokeino | Guovdageaidnu | North Sami | |
| Kirkenes | Kirkkoniemi | Girkonjárga | North Sami | |
| Kong Karls Land | Kuningas Kaarlen maa | |||
| Kvitøya | Valkosaari | |||
| Kvænangen | Naavuono | Návuonna | North Sami | |
| Lakselv | Lemmijoki | Leavdnja | North Sami | |
| Lakselva | Lemmijoki | Leavdnjajohka | North Sami | |
| Lofoten | Lofootit | Lufuohttá Lufoahtta | North Sami Lule Sami | |
| Lyngen | Jyykeä | Finnish Lyngen or Jyykeä | ||
| Lyngen (Lyngenfjorden) | Lyngenvuono or Jyykeänvuono | Yykeänvuono Ivguvuotna | Kven North Sami | |
| Malangen | Malankivuono | |||
| Nathorst Land | Nathorstinmaa | |||
| Neidenfjorden | Näätämönvuono | Njávdámvuonna | North Sami | |
| Nordaustlandet | Koillismaa | |||
| Nordenskiöldbreen | Nordenskiöldin jäätikkö | |||
| Nordenskiöldbukta | Nordenskiöldinlahti | |||
| Nordenskiöld Land | Nordenskiöldinmaa | |||
| Nordkinnhalvøya | Nordkinnin niemimaa | |||
| Nordreisa | Raisi | Ráisa | North Sami | |
| Ofotfjorden | Ofotvuono | Ufuohttá | North Sami | |
| Olav V Land | Olav V:n maa | |||
| Olgastretet | Olgansalmi | |||
| Oscar II Land | Oscar II:n maa | |||
| Oslofjorden | Oslonvuono | |||
| Peter I Øy | Pietari I:n saari | |||
| Polmak | Pulmanki | Buolbmát | North Sami | |
| Porsanger | Porsanki | Porsáŋgu | North Sami | |
| Porsangerfjorden | Porsanginvuono | Porsáŋgguvuotna | North Sami | |
| Porsangerhalvøya | Porsangin niemimaa | |||
| Prins Karls Forland | Prinssi Kaarlen etumaa | |||
| Prins Harald Kyst | Prinssi Haraldin rannikko | |||
| Prins Oscars Land | Prinssi Oscarin maa | |||
| Prinsesse Ragnhild Kyst | Prinsessa Ragnhildin rannikko | |||
| Sjuøyane | Seitsensaaret | |||
| Skibotn | Jyykeänperä | Yykeänperä Ivgobahta | Kven North Sami | Finnish Skibotn or Jyykeänperä |
| Sognefjorden | Sognevuono | |||
| Spitsbergen | Länsimaa | |||
| Svalbard | Huippuvuoret | |||
| Sværholthalvøya | Sværholtin niemimaa | |||
| Sørkapp Land | Sørkappinmaa | |||
| Sør-Varanger | Etelä-Varanki | |||
| Tana | Teno | Deatnu | North Sami | |
| Tana bru | Tenonsilta | Deanušaldi | North Sami | Finnish Tana bru or Tenonsilta |
| Tanafjorden | Tenonvuono | Deanuvuotna | North Sami | |
| Torell Land | Torellinmaa | |||
| Tromsø | Tromssa | Romsa | North Sami | |
| Trondheimsfjorden | Trondheiminvuono | |||
| Ullsfjorden | Moskivuono | Olggosvuotna | North Sami | Finnish Ullsfjorden or Moskivuono |
| Vadsø | Vesisaari | Čáhcesuolu | North Sami | |
| Varangerfjorden | Varanginvuono | Varenkinvuono Várjavuonna | Kven North Sami | |
| Varangerhalvøya | Varangin niemimaa | Varenkinniemi Várnjárga | Kven North Sami | |
| Vardø | Vuoreija | Vuorea | Kven | |
| Vesterbotn | Lemmivuono | Leavdnjavuotna | North Sami | |
| Vestfjorden | Länsivuono | |||
| Vestre Jakobselv | Annijoki | Ánnejohka | North Sami | |
| Wedel Jarlsberg Land | Wedel Jarlsbergin maa | |||
For further names, see Finnish exonyms for places in Norway.
 Poland Puola | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Finnish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Kraków | Krakova | Kraków | Polish | |
| Warsaw | Varsova | Warzawa | Polish | |
| Vistula river | Veiksel | Wisła | Polish | |
 Portugal Portugali | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Finnish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Lisbon | Lissabon | Lisboa | Portuguese | |
 Romania | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Finnish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Bucharest | Bukarest | București | Romanian | |
 |
Note that Finnish was formerly an official language in the Republic of Karelia and is still widely used there, and some places in what was Finnish territory until World War II have been given new Russian names; thus, Finnish names of Karelian places are not all strictly exonyms.
 Russia Venäjä | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Finnish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Apatity | Apatiitti | |||
| Arkhangelsk | Arkangeli, Vienankaupunki | Архангельск / Arkhangelsk | Russian | |
| Belomorsk | Sorokka | |||
| Beloostrov | Valkeasaari | |||
| Bolshaya Izhora | Haisevaisi | |||
| Bolshoy Tyuters | Tytärsaari | |||
| Borisoglebsky | Kolttaköngäs | Борисоглебский / Borisoglebsky | Russian | |
| Chudovo | Tšudovo, Tiutova | |||
| Gatchina | Hatsina | |||
| Gubanicy | Kupanitsa | |||
| Hogland, Gogland | Suursaari | |||
| Ivangorod | Iivananlinna | |||
| Izhora | Inkere | |||
| Kamennogorsk | Antrea | |||
| Kandalakshi | Kantalahti, Kannanlahti | |||
| Kem | (Vienan) Kemi | |||
| Kingisepp | Jaama | |||
| Kirovsk | Hiipinä | |||
| Kobrino | Koprina | |||
| Kola | Kuola | |||
| Kolpany | Kolppana | |||
| Koltushi | Keltto | |||
| Komarovo | Kellomäki | Комарово / Komarovo | Russian | |
| Kondopoga | Kontupohja | Kondupohju | Karelian | |
| Koporka | Kaprionjoki | |||
| Koporye | Kaprio | |||
| Kostomuksha | Kostamus | Koštamuš | Karelian | |
| Kotlin | Retusaari | |||
| Kotly | Kattila | |||
| Kovdor | Koutero | |||
| Kovdozero | Kananen | |||
| Kronstadt | Kronstadt, Kronstatti | Кронштадт / Kronshtadt Kronstadt | Russian German | |
| Kurovitsy | Kukkosi | Kukkuzi | Votic | |
| Kuyto | Kuittijärvet | |||
| Kuzyomkino | Kosemkina, Narvusi | |||
| Lake Ilmen | Ilmajärvi | |||
| Lake Kolvitskoye | Kolvitsanjärvi | |||
| Lake Kovdozero | Koutajärvi | |||
| Lake Keret | Kierettijärvi | |||
| Lake Lämmi | Kuumajärvi | Tyopoloye ozero | Russian | |
| Lake Ladoga | Laatokka, Nevajärvi | |||
| Lake Leksozero | Lieksajärvi | |||
| Lake Lovozero | Luujärvi | |||
| Lake Nyuk | Nuokkijärvi | |||
| Lake Onega | Ääninen, Äänisjärvi | Änine, Änižjärv | Veps | |
| Oniegu(-järve) | Karelian | |||
| Lake Pyaozero | Pääjärvi | |||
| Lake Segozero | Seesjärvi | |||
| Lake Syamozero | Säämäjärvi | Seämärvi | Karelian | |
| Lake Topozero | Tuoppajärvi | |||
| Lake Tolvayarvi | Tolvajärvi | |||
| Lake Tulos | Tuulijärvi | |||
| Lake Yaglyarvi | Ägläjärvi | |||
| Lake Yanisyarvi | Jänisjärvi | |||
| Lake Vodlozero | Vodlajärvi | |||
| Lake Vygozero | Uikujärvi | |||
| Lebyazhye | Lepäsi | Лебяжье / Lebyazhye | ||
| Lembolovo | Lempaala | |||
| Liinakhamari | Liinahamari | Лиинахамари / Liinakhamari | Russian | |
| Lisino | Liissilä | |||
| Lodeynoye Pole | Lotinapelto, Pellonlinna | |||
| Luga | Laukaa, Ylä-Laukaa | |||
| Markovo | Markkova, Loppi, Lopenkolkka | |||
| Martyshkino | Tyrö | |||
| Medvezhyegorsk | Karhumäki | Karhumägi | Karelian | |
| Mga | Namkku [7] | |||
| Moloskovitsy | Valkeakirkko, Moloskovitsa | |||
| Moscow | Moskova | Москва / Moskva | Russian | |
| Moshchny | Lavansaari | |||
| Murmansk | Muurmanni, Muurmanski | |||
| Nikel | Nikkeli, Kolosjoki | Никель / Nikel | Russian | |
| Nikolskoye | Lomkka | |||
| Nikulyasy | Miikkulainen | |||
| Novaya Ladoga | Uusi-Laatokka, Uusi Laatokankaupunki | |||
| Novosyolki | Novasolkka | |||
| Nyenschantz | Nevanlinna | Nyenskans, Nyen | Swedish | Former Swedish Ingrian town and fortress |
| Olonets | Aunuksenkaupunki, Aunuksenlinna, Aunus | Anuksenlinnu | Karelian | |
| Onega | Ääninen | |||
| Oranienbaum | Kaarosta | |||
| Osinovaya Rossha | Haapakangas | |||
| Pechenga | Petsamo | Печенга / Pechenga | Russian | |
| Pechory | Petseri | |||
| Petergof | Pietarhovi, Kuusoja | |||
| Petrozavodsk | Petroskoi; Äänislinna | Latter name used during 1941–1944 | ||
| Povenets | Poventsa | Povenča | Karelian | |
| Priozersk | Käkisalmi | |||
| Pskov | Pihkova | |||
| Pudozh | Puudosi, Puutoinen, Puudoži | Pudož | Veps | |
| Puudoži | Karelian | |||
| Repino | Kuokkala | |||
| Ropsha | Ropsu | |||
| Ryabovo | Rääpyvä | |||
| Saint Petersburg | Pietari | Санкт-Петербург / Sankt-Peterburg | Russian | |
| Segezha | Sege(h)e, Seke(h)e | |||
| Seskar | Seiskari | |||
| Siberia | Siperia | Сибирь / Sibir | Russian | |
| Sestroretsk | Siestarjoki | |||
| Shlisselburg | Pähkinälinna, Pähkinäsaari | Schlüsselburg | German | |
| Shlisselburg Fortress | Pähkinäsaaren linna | Oreshek | Russian | |
| Skvoritsy | Skuoritsa, Kuoritsa | |||
| Slavyanka | Venjoki | |||
| Soikino | Soikkola | |||
| Sosnovy Bor | Uustia | |||
| Staraya Ladoga | Laatokankaupunki, Laatokanlinna, Vanha-Laatokka | |||
| Stolbovo | Stolbova | |||
| Svetogorsk | Enso | |||
| Svir | Syväri | |||
| Svobodnoye | Kirvu | |||
| Syas | Säsjoki | |||
| Tikhvin | Tihvinä | |||
| Tikhvinka river | Tihvinänjoki | |||
| Toksovo | Toksova | |||
| Tosno | Tusina, Tosna | |||
| Tyaglino | Tääkeli, Tääkkeli | |||
| Ust-Luga | Laukaansuu | |||
| Volkhov | Olhava | |||
| Vsevolozhsk | Seuloskoi | |||
| Vuoly | Vuole | |||
| Vyborg | Viipuri | Viborg | Swedish | |
| Vyborgskiy zaliv | Viipurinlahti | |||
| Vyg | Uikujoki | |||
| Yarvosol | Järvisaari | |||
| Zelenogorsk | Terijoki | |||
| Zemlyanoye | Pummanki | |||
| Zherebyatki | Serepetta | |||
 Saudi Arabia Saudi-Arabia | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Finnish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Mecca | Mekka | Makkah | Arabic | |
| Riyadh | Riad | Riyaḍ | Arabic | |
 Serbia | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Finnish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Belgrade | Belgrad | Beograd | Serbian | |
 South Africa Etelä-Afrikka | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Finnish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Cape Town | Kapkaupunki | |||
| Cape of Good Hope | Hyväntoivonniemi | |||
 Spain Espanja | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Finnish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Tenerife | Teneriffa | Tenerife | Spanish | |
Northern Sweden has a Finnish/Meänkieli-speaking minority and thus some place names are derived from Finnish, making them not exonyms. There are several more Finnish place names in this area.
Several place names of genuinely Swedish places, more than these, have been modified due to the much differing Finnish pronunciation principles. Meänkieli names have usually been slightly modified when picked up by Swedish language. Some Meänkieli names, at least closer to the mountains, were originally Sami, but were modified when picked up into Finnish.
 Sweden Ruotsi | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Finnish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Dalecarlia | Taalainmaa | Dalarna | Swedish | |
| Gällivare | Jällivaara, Jellivaara | Gällivare | Swedish | Jellivaara is the Meänkieli form |
| Haparanda | Haaparanta | Haparanda | Swedish | * Founded with Finnish name |
| Jokkmokk | Jokimukka | Jokkmokk | Swedish | Founded with Sami name |
| Kalix | Kainuu | Kalix | Swedish | * |
| Karesuando | Karesuvanto | Karesuando | Swedish | * Founded with Finnish name |
| Kiruna | Kiiruna | Kiruna | Swedish | * Founded with Finnish name |
| Korpilombolo | Korpilompolo | Korpilombolo | Swedish | * |
| Luleå | Luulaja | Luleå | Swedish | |
| Överkalix | Ylikainuu | Överkalix | Swedish | * |
| Övertorneå | Matarenki | Övertorneå | Swedish | * |
| Piteå | Piitime | Piteå | Swedish | |
| Scania | Skoone | Skåne | Swedish | |
| Stockholm | Tukholma | Stockholm | Swedish | |
| Svanstein | Turtola | Svanstein | Swedish | * |
| Tärendö | Täräntö | Tärendö | Swedish | * Founded with Finnish name |
| Umeå | Uumaja | Umeå | Swedish | |
| Uppsala | Upsala | Uppsala | Swedish | |
* marks place names in traditionally Finnish/Meänkieli-speaking areas.
 Syria Syyria | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Finnish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Damascus | Damaskos | Dimašq | Arabic | |
| Latakia | Lattakia | Al-Laḏiqiyah | Arabic | |
 Turkey Turkki | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Finnish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Istanbul | Konstantinopoli | İstanbul | Turkish | historic |
| Konstantinoúpolis | Greek | |||
| Troy | Troija | Truva (Troya) | Turkish | ancient city |
 Ukraine Ukraina | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Finnish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Kharkiv | Harkova | Kharkiv | Ukrainian | |
| Kyiv | Kiova | Kyiv | Ukrainian | |
| Poltava | Pultava | Poltava | Ukrainian | |
 United Kingdom Iso-Britannia | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Finnish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| London | Lontoo | London | English | |
 United States Yhdysvallat | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Finnish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Hawai'i | Havaiji | Hawai'i | Hawai'ian | |
Swedish is a North Germanic language spoken predominantly in Sweden and in parts of Finland. It has at least 10 million native speakers, the fourth most spoken Germanic language and the first among any other of its type in the Nordic countries overall.
Finland Swedish or Fenno-Swedish is a variety of the Swedish language and a closely related group of Swedish dialects spoken in Finland by the Swedish-speaking population, commonly also referred to as Finland Swedes, as their first language.
Ö, or ö, is a character that represents either a letter from several extended Latin alphabets, or the letter "o" modified with an umlaut or diaeresis. Ö, or ö, is a variant of the letter O. In many languages, the letter "ö", or the "o" modified with an umlaut, is used to denote the close- or open-mid front rounded vowels or. In languages without such vowels, the character is known as an "o with diaeresis" and denotes a syllable break, wherein its pronunciation remains an unmodified.
The Swedish-speaking population of Finland is a linguistic minority in Finland. They maintain a strong identity and are seen either as a separate cultural or linguistic group or, while not regularly, as a distinct nationality. They speak Finland Swedish, which encompasses both a standard language and distinct dialects that are mutually intelligible with the dialects spoken in Sweden and, to a lesser extent, other Scandinavian languages.
Meänkieli is a Finnic language or a group of distinct Finnish dialects spoken in the northernmost part of Sweden along the valley of the Torne River. Its status as an independent language is disputed, but in Sweden it is officially recognized as one of the country's five minority languages and is treated as a distinct language from standard Finnish. According to the Swedish National Association of Tornedalians, 70.000 individuals are able to understand Meänkieli, at least to some level.
Meänmaa, or sometimes Torne Valley or Torne River Valley lies at the border of Sweden and Finland. It is named after the Torne River flowing through the valley and into the Gulf of Bothnia. Geographically the townships and municipalities that make up the area are Haparanda, Övertorneå, Pajala and Kiruna in Sweden, and Tornio, Ylitornio, Pello, Kolari, Muonio and Enontekiö in Finland. Culturally the highland Swedish municipality Gällivare is sometimes also considered part of Meänmaa due to the large share of Meänkieli-speaking population in it. Torne Valley should not be confused with Torne Valley Sub-region.
In 1999, the Minority Language Committee of Sweden formally declared five official minority languages: Finnish, Sámi languages, Romani, Yiddish, and Meänkieli.
Uusimaa is a region of Finland. It borders the regions of Southwest Finland, Tavastia Proper (Kanta-Häme), Päijänne Tavastia (Päijät-Häme), and Kymenlaakso. Finland's capital and largest city, Helsinki, along with the surrounding Greater Helsinki area, are both contained in the region, and Uusimaa is Finland's most populous region. The population of Uusimaa is 1,734,000.
Korsnäs is a municipality in Finland, located on the west coast of the country. Korsnäs is situated in Ostrobothnia, along the Gulf of Bothnia. The population of Korsnäs is approximately 2,000, while the sub-region has a population of approximately 110,000. It is the 258th most populous municipality in Finland.
Pajala is a locality and the seat of Pajala Municipality in Norrbotten County, Sweden, with 1,958 inhabitants in 2010. It is located in Swedish Lapland.
Gällivare is a locality and the seat of Gällivare Municipality in Norrbotten County, province of Lapland, Sweden with 8,449 inhabitants in 2010. The town was founded in the 17th century. Together with nearby towns Malmberget and Koskullskulle it forms a conurbation with some 15,000 inhabitants. This conurbation is the second northernmost significant urban area of Sweden after Kiruna.
An endonym is a common, native name for a group of people, individual person, geographical place, language or dialect, meaning that it is used inside a particular group or linguistic community to identify or designate themselves, their homeland, or their language.
The Lainio River is a river in Kiruna Municipality in the far north of Swedish Lapland. Its source is a mountain lake, Råstojaure, which lies along the border with Norway. 200 km from its source, the Lainio River flows into the Torne River, which eventually flows into the Gulf of Bothnia. Towns along the River Lainio include Kangos, Övre Soppero, Nedre Soppero, Laanavaara, and Lainio.
An English exonym is a name in the English language for a place, or occasionally other terms, which does not follow the local usage. Exonyms and endonyms are features of all languages, and other languages may have their own exonym for English endonyms, for example Llundain is the Welsh exonym for the English endonym "London".
Swedish is the official language of Sweden and is spoken by the vast majority of the 10.23 million inhabitants of the country. It is a North Germanic language and quite similar to its sister Scandinavian languages, Danish and Norwegian, with which it maintains partial mutual intelligibility and forms a dialect continuum. A number of regional Swedish dialects are spoken across the country. In total, more than 200 languages are estimated to be spoken across the country, including regional languages, indigenous Sámi languages, and immigrant languages.
The toponyms of Finland result mainly from the legacy left by three linguistic heritages: the Finnish language, the Swedish language and Sami languages. Finland’s place names range from those of unknown or unrecognizable origins to more clearly derivable onomastics. There are both national and international recommendations on how to use the bilingual country's place names in texts written in different languages. In Finland, the Research Institute for the Languages of Finland and the National Land Survey of Finland are jointly responsible for the standardization of place names.
Finnish is a Uralic language of the Finnic branch, spoken by the majority of the population in Finland and by ethnic Finns outside of Finland. Finnish is one of the two official languages of Finland. In Sweden, both Finnish and Meänkieli are official minority languages. The Kven language, which like Meänkieli is mutually intelligible with Finnish, is spoken in the Norwegian counties Troms and Finnmark by a minority group of Finnish descent.
Karungi is a locality situated in Haparanda Municipality, Norrbotten County, Sweden with 232 inhabitants in 2010. The language most spoken in the village is Meänkieli, which the first of April 2000 officially was declared as a minority language in Sweden.
Estonian Swedish are the eastern varieties of Swedish that were spoken in the formerly Swedish-populated areas of Estonia on the islands of Ormsö (Vormsi), Ösel (Saaremaa), Dagö (Hiiumaa) and Runö (Ruhnu), and the peninsula of Nuckö (Noarootsi), by the local Estonian Swedes.