 | This article needs additional citations for verification .(October 2024) |
Below is list of Latin exonyms for places outside of the core of the Roman empire during the time Latin was in common use:
| | This article needs additional citations for verification .(October 2024) |
Below is list of Latin exonyms for places outside of the core of the Roman empire during the time Latin was in common use:
 Albania | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Latin name | Endonym | Notes |
| Durrës | Dyrrachium | Durrës | |
| Lezhë | Lissus | Lezhë | |
| Vlorë | Aulona | Vlorë | |
 Austria | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Latin name | Endonym | Notes |
| Eisenstadt | Ferreum Castrum | Eisenstadt | |
| Graz | Græcia | Graz | |
| Innsbruck | Pons Æni | Innsbruck | |
| Linz | Lentia | Linz | |
| Salzburg | Salisburgum | Salzburg | |
| Sankt Pölten | Cetium | Sankt Pölten | |
| Vienna | Vindobona | Wien | |
 Belgium Belgia | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Latin name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Ghent | Gandava | |||
| Kortrijk | Cortoriacum | |||
| Tongeren | Atuatuca Tungrorum | |||
 Bulgaria | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Latin name | Endonym | Notes |
| Balchik | Dionysopolis | ||
| Kyustendil | Pautalia | ||
| Lom | Almus | ||
| Lovech | Melta | ||
| Pleven | Storgosia | ||
| Plovdiv | Philippopolis | ||
| Razgrad | Abrittus | ||
| Ruse | Sexaginta Prista | ||
| Silistra | Durostorum | ||
| Sofia | Serdica | ||
| Sozopol | Apollonia Pontica | ||
| Stara Zagora | Augusta Traiana | ||
| Svishtov | Novæ | ||
| Varna | Odessus | ||
| Vidin | Bononia | ||
 Czech Republic Cechia | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Latin name | Endonym | Notes |
| Brno | Bruna | Brno | |
| Krnov | Carnovia | Krnov | |
| Prague | Praga | Praha | |
 Denmark Dania | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Latin name | Endonym | Notes |
| Copenhagen | Hafnia | København | |
 Egypt Ægyptus | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Latin name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Akhmim | Panopolis | |||
| Al-Arish | Rhinocolura | |||
| Al-Ashumein | Hermopolis | |||
| Aswan | Lycopolis | |||
| Asyut | Syene | |||
| Farama | Pelusium | |||
| Luxor | Thebæ | |||
| Marsa Matruh | Parætonium | |||
| Qift | Coptus | |||
 France Francia | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Latin name | Endonym | Notes |
| Avignon | Avenio | ||
| Lyon | Lugdunum | ||
| Marseille | Massilia | ||
| Nice | Nicæa | ||
| Paris | Lutetia Parisiorum | ||
| Strasbourg | Strasburgum | ||
| Toulouse | Tolosa | ||
 Germany Germania | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Latin name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Aachen | Aquisgrana | |||
| Augsburg | Augusta Vindelicorum | |||
| Baden-Baden | Aurelia Aquensis | |||
| Berlin | Berolinum | |||
| Bonn | Bonna | |||
| Castra Bonnensis | ||||
| Cologne | Colonia Agrippina | |||
| Essen | Assindia | |||
| Hamburg | Hamburgum | |||
| Kempten | Cambodunum | |||
| Konstanz | Constantia | |||
| Mainz | Mogontiacum | |||
| Passau | Batavia | |||
| Regensburg | Ratisbona | |||
| Speyer | Spira | |||
| Trier | Augusta Treverorum | |||
| Wiesbaden | Aquæ Mattiacorum | |||
| Worms | Vormatia | |||
 Greece Græcia | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Latin name | Endonym | Notes |
| Athens | Athenæ | ||
| Corinth | Corinthus | ||
| Gytheio | Gythium | ||
| Heraklion | Heraclium | ||
| Karystos | Carystus | ||
| Kechries | Cencrheæ | ||
| Laurium | Laurium | ||
| Nafpaktos | Naupactus | ||
| Nafplio | Nauplia | ||
| Thessaloniki | Thessalonica | ||
 Hungary Hungaria | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Latin name | Endonym | Notes |
| Budapest | Budapestinum | ||
| Debrecen | Debrecinum | ||
| Dunakeszi | Contra Constantiam | ||
| Dunaújváros | Intercisa | ||
| Eger | Agria | ||
| Esztergom | Strigonium | ||
| Győr | Iaurinum | ||
| Kőszeg | Ginsium | ||
| Mosonmagyaróvár | Mosonium | ||
| Nagytétény | Campona | ||
| Pécs | Sopianæ | ||
| Sopron | Scarbantia | ||
| Százhalombatta | Matrica | ||
| Szeged | Segedinum | ||
| Székesfehérvár | Alba Regia | ||
| Szekszárd | Alisca | ||
| Szentendre | Sanctæ Andræ | ||
| Szombathely | Savaria | ||
| Tác | Gorsium | ||
 Ireland Irlandia | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Latin name | Endonym | Notes |
| Connacht | Connocia | Connacht | |
| Hill of Tara | Temro | Teamhair na Ríogh | |
| Leinster | Lagenia | Laighin | |
| Meath | Midia | Mí | |
| Munster | Momonia | Mumhain | |
| Ulster | Ultonia | Ulaidh | |
 Netherlands Nederlandia | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Latin name | Endonym | Notes |
| Alphen aan den Rijn | Albania | Alphen aan den Rijn | |
| Leiden | Lugdunum Batavorum | Leiden | Meant Katwijk until the Renaissance |
| Maastricht | Mastrictum | Maastricht | |
| Nijmegen | Noviomagus Batavorum | Nijmegen | |
| Utrecht | Ultraiectum | Utrecht | |
| Valkenburg, South Holland | Prætorium Agrippinæ | Valkenburg | |
| Vechten | Fectio | Vechten | |
| Voorburg | Forum Hadriani | Voorburg | |
| Wijk bij Duurstede | Levefanum | Wijk bij Duurstede | |
| Woerden | Laurum | Woerden | |
| Zwammerdam | Nigrum Pullum | Zwammerdam | |
 Poland Polonia | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Latin name | Endonym | Notes |
| Kraków | Cracovia | Kraków | |
| Warsaw | Varsovia | Warszawa | |
| Wrocław | Vratislavia | Wrocław | |
| Świnoujście | Suenemundum | Świnoujście | |
| Poznań | Posnania | Poznań | |
 Portugal Portugallia | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Latin name | Endonym | Notes |
| Lisbon | Olisipo | Lisboa | |
 Romania | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Latin name | Endonym | Notes |
| Alba-Iulia | Apulum | ||
| Caransebeș | Tibiscum | ||
| Cluj-Napoca | Claudiopolis | ||
| Iglița-Turcoaia | Troesmis | ||
| Mangalia | Callatis | ||
| Turda | Potaissa | ||
| Turnu-Severin | Drobeta | ||
 Russia | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Latin name | Endonym | Notes |
| Moscow | Moscua | Moskva | |
 Serbia | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Latin name | Endonym | Notes |
| Belgrade | Belogradum | Beograd | |
| Sremska Mitrovica | Sirmium, Civitas Sancti Demetrii | Sremska Mitrovica | |
| Niš | Naissus | Niš | |
| Gamzigrad | Felix Romuliana | Gamzigrad | |
 Slovakia | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Latin name | Endonym | Notes |
| Bratislava | Bratislavia | ||
| Banská Bystrica | Neosolium | ||
| Košice | Cassovia | ||
| Prešov | Eperiessinum | ||
| Trenčín | Laugaricio | ||
| Zvolen | Vetus Solium | ||
 Spain Hispania | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Latin name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Alcalá de Henares | Alcala | |||
| Alicante | Lucentum | |||
| Almería | Portus Magnus | |||
| Barcelona | Barcino | |||
| Cádiz | Gades | |||
| Calatayud | Bilbilis | |||
| Cartagena | Carthago Nova | |||
| Córdoba | Corduba | |||
| Girona | Gerunda | |||
| Granada | Granata | |||
| Huelva | Onuba | |||
| Huesca | Osca | |||
| Jaca | Iaca | |||
| Léon | Legio | |||
| Lleida | Ilerda | |||
| Lugo | Lucus Augusti | |||
| Madrid | Matritum | |||
| Mérida | Augusta Emerita | |||
| Palma de Mallorca | Palma | |||
| Salamanca | Salamantica | |||
| Seville | Hispalis | |||
| Tarragona | Tarraco | |||
| Toledo | Toletum | |||
| Valencia | Valentia | |||
| Zaragoza | Cæsaraugusta | |||
 Sweden Suecia | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Latin name | Endonym | Notes |
| Gävle | Gevalia | Gävle | |
| Gothenburg | Gothoburgum | Göteborg | |
| Malmö | Malmogia | Malmö | |
| Stockholm | Holmia | Stockholm | |
 Switzerland Helvetia | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Latin name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Bern | Berna | Bern | German | |
| Geneva | Genava | Gèneve | French | |
| Zürich | Turicum | Zürich | German | |
 Turkey Turcia | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Latin name | Endonym | Notes |
| Antakya | Antiochia | Antakya | |
| Edirne | Hadrianopolis | Edirne | |
| Edremit | Adramyttium | Edremit | |
| Ereǧli | Heraclea Cybistra | Ereǧli | |
| Erzurum | Theodosiopolis | Erzurum | |
| Eskişehir | Dorylæum | Eskişehir | |
| Gaziantep | Antiochia ad Taurum | Gaziantep | |
| İstanbul | Byzantium | İstanbul | |
| Constantinopolis | |||
| Nova Roma | |||
| İzmir | Smyrna | İzmir | |
| İzmit | Nicomedia | İzmit | |
| İznik | Nicæa | İznik | |
| Karadeniz Ereğli | Heraclea Pontica | Karadeniz Ereğli | |
| Kayseri | Cæsarea | Kayseri | |
| Konya | Iconium | Konya | |
| Kütahya | Cotyæum | Kütahya | |
| Malatya | Melitene | Malatya | |
| Marmara Ereǧlisi | Heraclea Perinthus | Marmara Ereǧlisi | |
| Niksar | Neocæsarea | Niksar | |
 Ukraine Ucraina | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Latin name | Endonym | Notes |
| Lviv | Leopolis | ||
 United Kingdom Britannium Regnum | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Latin name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Bath | Aquæ Sulis | Bath | English | |
| Canterbury | Cantuaria | Canterbury | English | |
| Carlisle | Carleolum | Carlisle | English | |
| Chelmsford | Caesaromagus | Chelmsford | English | |
| Chester | Cestria | Chester | English | |
| Colchester | Camulodunum, Colcestria | Colchester | English | |
| Dover | Dubris | Dover | English | |
| Edinburgh | Edinburgum | Dùn Èideann | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Edinburgh | English, Scots | |||
| Gloucester | Glocestria | Gloucester | English | |
| Leicester | Leicestria | Leicester | English | |
| Lincoln | Lindum | Lincoln | English | |
| London | Londinium | London | English | |
| Manchester | Mancunium, Mancestria | Manchester | English | |
| Newcastle upon Tyne | Novum Castrum | Newcastle upon Tyne | English | |
| Richborough | Rutupiæ | Richborough | English | |
| Saint Albans | Villa Sancti Albani | Saint Albans | English | |
| Winchester | Vintonia | Winchester | English | |
| Wroxeter | Viroconium Cornoviorum | Wroxeter | English | |
| York | Eboracum, Eburacum | York | English | |
Toponymy, toponymics, or toponomastics is the study of toponyms, including their origins, meanings, usage and types. Toponym is the general term for a proper name of any geographical feature, and full scope of the term also includes proper names of all cosmographical features.
Most countries of the world have different names in different languages. Some countries have also undergone name changes for political or other reasons. Countries are listed alphabetically by their most common name in English. Each English name is followed by its most common equivalents in other languages, listed in English alphabetical order by name and by language. Historical and/or alternative versions, where included, are noted as such. Foreign names that are the same as their English equivalents are also listed. See also: List of alternative country names
An endonym is a common, native name for a group of people, individual person, geographical place, language, or dialect, meaning that it is used inside a particular group or linguistic community to identify or designate themselves, their place of origin, or their language.
Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture is an autonomous prefecture in Southeast-Central Yunnan Province, China, bordering Vietnam's Lào Cai and Lai Châu provinces to the south. Its name is derived from the Hong (Red) River and the two major ethnic minority groups who live there: the Yi and the Hani. Honghe has an area of 32,929 square kilometres (12,714 sq mi) and its seat is Mengzi. The total population is 4.8 million, of which 61.3% belong to ethnic minorities.
Below is a list of German language exonyms for formerly German places and other places in non-German-speaking areas of the world. Archaic names are in italics.
The following is a list of Czech exonyms, that is to say names for places that do not speak Czech that have been adapted to Czech phonological system and spelling rules, or are simply native names from ancient times. Note that a large number of the names on the list below are archaic, no longer in use in contemporary Czech.
An English exonym is a name in the English language for a place, or occasionally other terms, which does not follow the local usage. Exonyms and endonyms are features of all languages, and other languages may have their own exonym for English endonyms, for example Llundain is the Welsh exonym for the English endonym "London".
The following is a list of Spanish exonyms, Spanish names for places that do not speak Spanish.
As a general rule, modern Norwegian does not use exonyms for names with endonyms in Latin script. Historically, several Danish/German exonyms have been in use, due to the Danish roots of the Bokmål variety of Norwegian, but these exonyms should be considered archaic, and are no longer used officially.
Below is a list of modern-day Greek language exonyms for mostly European places outside of Greece and Cyprus. Place names that are not mentioned are generally referred to in Greek by their respective names in their native languages, or with the closest pronunciation in Greek.
The ethnonyms for the Poles (people) and Poland include endonyms and exonyms. Endonyms and most exonyms for Poles and Poland derive from the name of the West Slavic tribe of Polans (Polanie), while in some languages the exonyms for Poland to derive from the name of another tribe – the Lendians (Lędzianie).
This is a list of Irish language exonyms for places outside of Ireland. The tables contain both endonyms and exonyms of places around the world, with the exonyms written in Irish and the endonyms in their regional language(s).