The modern Welsh language contains names for many towns and other geographical features in Great Britain and elsewhere. Names for places outside of Welsh-speaking regions are exonyms, not including spelling or pronunciation adaptations and translations of common nouns.
Names not in italics[ clarification needed ] are dated or obsolete.
Argentina Yr Ariannin | |||
---|---|---|---|
English name | Welsh name | Spanish name | Notes |
Arroyo Pescado | Nant y Pysgod | Arroyo Pescado | |
Cajón de Ginebra | Bocs Gin | Cajón de Ginebra | |
Cerro Cóndor | Craig yr Eryr | Cerro Cóndor | |
Cerro Trono de las Nubes | Gorsedd y Cwmwl | Cerro Trono de las Nubes | |
Chico River | Afon Fach | Rio Chico | |
Chubut River | Afon Camwy | Rio Chubut | |
Colonia 16 de Octubre | Cwm Hyfryd, Bro Hydref | Colonia 16 de Octubre | |
Desvío km 22 | Tŵr Joseph | Desvío km 22 | |
Dolavon | Dol Afon | Dolavon | |
Estación Laguna Grande | Llyn Mawr | Estación Laguna Grande | |
Florentino Ameghino Dam | Yr Argae | Dique Florentino Ameghino | |
Fuerte Aventura | Caer Antur | Fuerte Aventura | |
Laguna de Aaron | Llyn Aaron | Laguna de Aaron | |
Laguna de Agnia | Llyn Ania | Laguna de Agnia | |
La Angostura | Lle Cul | La Angostura | |
Las Plumas | Dôl y Plu | Las Plumas | |
Loma Blanca | Bryn Gwyn | Loma Blanca | |
Paso de Indios | Rhyd yr Indiaid | Paso de Indios | |
Pampa de Agnia | Pant y Ffwdan | Pampa de Agnia | |
Puerto Madryn | Porth Madryn | Puerto Madryn | |
Rawson | Trerawson | Rawson | |
Río Corrintos | Aber Gyrants | Río Corrintos | |
Tecka | Hafn Lâs | Tecka | |
Trelew | Tre Lew(is) | Trelew | |
Trevelin | Tre Felin | Trevelin | |
Valle de los Mártires | Dyffryn y Merthyron | Valle de los Mártires | |
Valle Frío | Dyffryn Oer | Valle Frío | |
Valle 16 de octubre | Cwm Hyfryd/Bro Hydref | Valle 16 de octubre | |
Veintiocho de Julio | Tir Halen | Veintiocho de Julio |
Australia Awstralia | |||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Welsh name | Endonym | Notes | ||||||||||||||||||||
Australian Capital Territory | Tiriogaeth Prifddinas Awstralia | Australian Capital Territory | |||||||||||||||||||||
Kangaroo Island | Ynys Cangarŵ | Kangaroo Island Karta Pintingga | |||||||||||||||||||||
New South Wales | De Cymru Newydd | New South Wales | |||||||||||||||||||||
Northern Territory | Tiriogaeth y Gogledd | Northern Territory | |||||||||||||||||||||
South Australia | De Awstralia | South Australia | |||||||||||||||||||||
Western Australia | Gorllewin Awstralia | Western Australia |
Belgium Gwlad Belg | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Welsh name | Endonyms | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Brussels | Brwsel | Bruxelles Brussel | French Dutch | |
Flanders | Fflandrys | Vlaanderen Flandres | Dutch French |
Canada | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Welsh name | Endonyms | Notes | |
British Columbia | Columbia Brydeinig | British Columbia Columbie Britannique | ||
Newfoundland | Tir Newydd | Newfoundland Terre-Neuve Ktaqmkuk | [1] | |
Newfoundland and Labrador | Tir Newydd a Labrador | Newfoundland and Labrador Terre-Neuve et Labrador | ||
Nova Scotia | Yr Alban Newydd | Nova Scotia Nouvelle-Écosse Alba Nuadh Nopa Sko'sia |
Czech Republic Y Weriniaeth Tsiec | |||
---|---|---|---|
English name | Welsh name | Endonym | Notes |
Moravia | Morafia | Morava | |
Prague | Prag | Praha |
France Ffrainc | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Welsh name | Endonyms | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Alps | Alpau, Mynydd Mynnau | Alpes | French | [1] |
Alsace | Alsás | Alsace | French | [1] |
Anjou | Angyw, Aensio | Anjou | French | [1] |
Aquitaine | Acwitania | Aquitaine | French | [1] |
Auvergne | Afarn | Auvergne | French | [1] |
Brittany | Llydaw | Breizh | Breton | [1] |
Bretagne | French | |||
Bertaèyn | Gallo | |||
Burgundy | Bwrgwyn | Bourgogne | French | [1] |
Champagne | Siampaen | Champagne | French | [1] |
Gascony | Gasgwyn | Gascogne | French | [1] |
Gasconha | Gascon | |||
Gaskoinia | Basque | |||
Hainaut | Hanawt | Hainaut | French | [1] |
Maine | Maen | Maine | French | [1] |
Normandy | Normandi, Norddmandi | Normandie | French | [1] |
Normaundie | Norman | |||
Picardy | Picardi | Picardie | French, Picard | [1] |
Provence | Profens | Provence | French | [1] |
Savoy | Safwy | Savoie | French | [1] |
Strasbourg | Strasbwrg | Strasbourg | French | |
Straßburg | German | |||
Germany Yr Almaen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Welsh name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Bavaria | Bafaria | Bayern | Bavarian, German | |
Cologne | Cwlen | Kölle | Colognian | |
Köln | German | |||
Hamburg | Hambwrg | Hamburg |
Greece Gwlad Groeg | |||
---|---|---|---|
English name | Welsh name | Endonym | Notes |
Aegean Sea | Môr Aegeaidd, Môr Egeaidd | Aigaio pelagos (Αιγαίοπέλαγος) | |
Athens | Athen | Athína (Αθήνα) | |
Cephalonia | Ceffalonia | Kefaloniá (Κεφαλονιά) | |
Crete | Creta | Kríti (Κρήτη) | |
Dodecanese | Y Deuddeng Ynys | Dodekánisa (Δωδεκάνησα) | |
Rhodes | Rhodos | Ródos (Ρόδος) | |
Thessaloniki | Thessaloníci | Thessaloníki (Θεσσαλονίκη) |
Israel Palestine | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Welsh name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Galilee | Galilea | HaGalil (הגליל) | Hebrew | |
Jerusalem | Jeriwsalem, Caersalem | Yerushalayim (ירושלים) / al-Quds (القُدس) | Hebrew/Arabic |
Ireland Iwerddon | |||
---|---|---|---|
English name | Welsh name | Endonym | Notes |
Cork | Corc | Corcaigh | |
Dublin | Dulyn | Baile Átha Cliath | Welsh name derives from the older Irish name Duibhlinn. |
Derry | Dinas y Deri | Doire | |
Ulster | Wlster; Wlaidd, Wledd, Wleth | Ulaidh | |
Wexford | Llwch Garmon | Loch Garman |
Italy Yr Eidal | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Welsh name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Florence | Fflorens | Firenze | Italian | [1] |
Rome | Rhufain | Roma | Italian | [1] |
Sicily | Sisili | Sicilia | Italian, Sicilian | [1] |
Tuscany | Twsgani, Tysgani | Toscana | Italian | [1] |
Venice | Fenis | Venesia | Venetian | [1] |
Venezia | Italian | |||
Vatican City | Dinas y Fatican | Civitatis Vaticanae | Latin | [1] |
Città del Vaticano | Italian |
Japan Siapan | |||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Welsh name | Endonym | Notes | ||||||||||||||||||||
Tokyo | Tocio | 東京 (Tōkyō) |
South Africa De Affrica | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Welsh name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Cape Town | Tref y Penrhyn | Kaapstad, iKapa | Afrikaans, Xhosa | |
Cape of Good Hope | Penrhyn Gobaith Da | Kaap die Goeie Hoop | Afrikaans | |
Spain Sbaen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Welsh name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Balearic Islands | Ynysoedd Balearaidd | Illes Balears, Islas Baleares | Catalan, Spanish | |
Basque Country | Gwlad y Basg | Euskal Herria, País Vasco | Basque, Spanish | |
Canary Islands | Yr Ynysoedd Dedwydd, Ynysoedd y Cŵn | Islas Canarias | Spanish | |
Catalonia | Catalwnia | Catalunya, Cataluña | Catalan, Spanish | |
Galicia | Galisia | Galicia Galiza | Galician/Portuguese Portuguese | |
Valencian Community | Cymuned Falensia | Valencia, València | Spanish, Catalan |
Turkey Twrci | |||
---|---|---|---|
English name | Welsh name | Endonym | Notes |
Constantinople | Caergystennin | قسطنطينيه (Ḳosṭanṭīnīye) Κωνσταντινούπολις (Kōnstantinoupolis) Constantinopolis | |
Istanbul | Istanbwl | İstanbul |
United Kingdom Y Deyrnas Unedig | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Welsh name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Archenfield | Ergyng | Archenfield | English | |
Ballingham | Llanbugnal | Ballingham | English | |
Bath | Caerfaddon | Bath | English | |
Belfast | Belffast | Béal Feirste | Irish | |
Birkenhead | Penbedw | Birkenhead | English | |
Bishop's Castle | Trefesgob | Bishop's Castle | English | |
Bridstow | Llansanffraid | Bridstow | English | |
Bristol | Bryste; Caerodor | Bristol | English | |
Cambridge | Caergrawnt | Cambridge | English | |
Cambridgeshire | Swydd Gaergrawnt | Cambridgeshire | English | |
Canterbury | Caergaint | Canterbury | English | |
Carlisle | Caerliwelydd | Carlisle | English | |
Catterick | Catraeth | Catterick | English | |
Channel Islands | Ynysoedd y Sianel | Îles Normandes | French | |
Cheltenham | Treffynnon [ citation needed ] | Cheltenham | English | |
Cheshire | Swydd Gaer | Cheshire | English | |
Chester | Caer(llion Fawr) | Chester | English | |
Chichester | Caerfuddai [2] | Chichester | English | |
Chirbury | Llanffynhonwen | Chirbury | English | |
Clyde | Clud | Cluaidh | Scottish Gaelic | |
Clyde | English, Scots | |||
Colchester | Caercolyn | Colchester | English | |
Cornwall | Cernyw | Kernow | Cornish | |
Coventry | Cofentri, Cwyntry | Coventry | English | |
Crewe | Cryw, Criw | Crewe | English | |
Devon | Dyfnaint | Devon | English | |
Doncaster | Dinas y Garrai; Caerdaun | Doncaster | English | |
Dover | Dofr [3] | Dover | English | |
Dumfries | Caerferes | Dumfries | English | |
Dùn Phris | Scottish Gaelic | |||
Durham | Dyrham; Caerweir | Durham | English | |
East Midlands | Dwyrain Canolbarth Lloegr | East Midlands | English | |
Edinburgh | Caeredin; Dinas Eidyn | Dùn Èideann | Scottish Gaelic | |
Edinburgh | English, Scots | |||
England | Lloegr | England | English | |
English Channel | Môr Udd | English Channel | English | |
La Manche | French | |||
Mor Bretannek | Cornish | |||
Exeter | Caerwysg | Exeter | English | |
Falmouth | Aberfal | Aberfala | Cornish | |
Firth of Forth | Moryd Gweryd, Aber Gweryd | Linne Foirthe | Scottish Gaelic | |
Forest of Dean | Cantref Coch | Forest of Dean | English | |
Foy | Llantiuoi | Foy | English | |
Forth river | Afon Gweryd [4] | Abhainn Dubh, Uisge For | Scottish Gaelic | |
Glastonbury | Ynys Gwydrin, Ynys Wydrin | Glastonbury | English | |
Gloucester | Caerloyw | Gloucester | English | |
Gloucestershire | Swydd Gaerloyw | Gloucestershire | English | |
Guernsey | Ynys y Garn | Guernèsi | Guernésiais | |
Hebrides | Ynysoedd Heledd | Innse Gall | Scottish Gaelic | |
Hentland | Henlland | Hentland | English | |
Hereford | Henffordd | Hereford | English | |
Herefordshire | Swydd Henffordd | Herefordshire | English | |
Humber | Hwmbr | Humber | English | |
Isle of Man | Ynys Manaw | Ellan Vannin | Manx | |
Isle of Skye | Yr Ynys Hir | Eilean Sgitheanach | Scottish Gaelic | |
Isle of Wight | Ynys Wyth | Isle of Wight | English | |
Kenderchurch | Llancrug | Kenderchurch | English | |
Kent | Caint | Kent | English | |
Kentchurch | Llancein | Kentchurch | English | |
Kilpeck | Llanddewi Cil Peddeg | Kilpeck | English | |
Kington | Ceintun | Kington | English | |
Lancashire | Swydd Gaerhirfryn | Lancashire | English | |
Lancaster | Caerhirfryn | Lancaster | English | |
Leicester | Caerlŷr | Leicester | English | |
Leicestershire | Swydd Gaerlŷr | Leicestershire | English | |
Leominster | Llanllieni | Leominster | English | |
Lichfield | Caerlwytgoed | Lichfield | English | |
Lincoln | Caerllyn, Llyncwlen | Lincoln | English | |
Liverpool | Lerpwl, Llynlleifiad | Liverpool | English | |
Loch Lomond | Llyn Llumonwy | Loch Laomainn | Scottish Gaelic | |
London | Llundain, Caerludd | London | English | |
Long Mynd | Cefn Hirfynydd | Long Mynd | English | |
Ludlow | Llwydlo | Ludlow | English | |
Lundy | Ynys Wair | Lundy | English | |
Manchester | Manceinion | Manchester | English | |
Greater Manchester | Manceinion Fwyaf | Manchester | English | |
Marstow | Llanmartin | Marstow | English | |
Mersey | Merswy | Mersey | English | |
Merseyside | Glannau Merswy | Merseyside | English | |
Michaelchurch | Llanmihangel | Michaelchurch | English | |
Much Dewchurch | Llandewi | Much Dewchurch | English | |
Much Wenlock | Gweunllwg | Much Wenlock | English | |
Nantwich | Yr Heledd Wen | Nantwich | English | |
Northwich | Yr Heledd Ddu | Northwich | English | |
Nottingham | Y Tŷ Ogofog | Nottingham | English | |
Orkney | Ynysoedd Erch | Arcaibh | Scottish Gaelic | |
Oswestry | Croesoswallt | Oswestry | English | |
Oxford | Rhydychen | Oxford | English | |
Oxfordshire | Swydd Rydychen | Oxfordshire | English | |
Pennines | Penwynion | Pennines | English | |
Penrith | Penrhudd | Penrith | English | |
Peterborough | Trebedr | Peterborough | English | |
Plymouth | Aberplym | Plymouth | English | |
Portsmouth | Llongborth | Portsmouth | English | |
Preston | Trefoffeiriaid | Preston | English | |
Ross-on-Wye | Rhosan-ar-Wy | Ross-on-Wye | English | |
St Weonards | Llansangwenardd | St Weonards | English | |
Salisbury | Caersallog; Caercaradog, Caergradwg | Salisbury | English | |
Sark | Sarc | Cerq, Sèr | French | |
Scotland | Yr Alban | Alba | Scottish Gaelic | |
Scotland | English, Scots | |||
Sellack | Llansulac | Sellack | English | |
Somerset | Gwlad-yr-haf | Somerset | English | |
Shrewsbury | Amwythig | Shrewsbury | English | |
Shropshire | Swydd Amwythig | Shropshire | English | |
St Albans | Caermincip | St Albans | English | |
The Stiperstones | Carneddau Teon | The Stiperstones | English | |
Stonehenge | Côr y Cewri | Stonehenge | English | |
Strathclyde | Ystrad Clud | Srath Chluaidh | Scottish Gaelic | |
Thames | Tafwys | Thames | English | |
Trent | Trannon | Trent | English | |
Ulster | Wlster; Wlaidd, Wledd, Wleth | Ulaidh | Irish | |
Warwick | Warwig | Warwick | English | |
Warwickshire | Swydd Warwig | Warwickshire | English | |
Welsh Bicknor | Llangystennin Garth Brenni | Welsh Bicknor | English | |
West Midlands | Gorllewin Canolbarth Lloegr | West Midlands | English | |
Westminster | San Steffan | Westminster | English | |
Whitchurch | Yr Eglwys Wen | Whitchurch | English | |
Winchester | Caerwynt, Caerguint | Winchester | English | |
Wirral | Cilgwri | Wirral | English | |
Worcester | Caerwrangon | Worcester | English | |
Worcestershire | Swydd Gaerwrangon | Worcestershire | English | |
The Wrekin | Din Gwrygon | The Wrekin | English | |
Wroxeter | Caerwrygion | Wroxeter | English | |
York | Efrog, Caerefrog | York | English | |
Yorkshire | Swydd Efrog | Yorkshire | English |
United States Unol Daleithiau | |||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Welsh name | Endonym | Notes | ||||||||||||||||||||
California | Califfornia [5] | California | |||||||||||||||||||||
New Mexico | Mecsico Newydd | New Mexico Nueva México | |||||||||||||||||||||
New York City | Dinas Efrog Newydd | New York City | |||||||||||||||||||||
Pennsylvania | Pensylfania | Pennsylvania | |||||||||||||||||||||
Texas | Tecsas | Texas Tejas |
Snowdonia, or Eryri, is a mountainous region and national park in North Wales. It contains all 15 mountains in Wales over 3000 feet high, including the country's highest, Snowdon, which is 1,085 metres (3,560 ft) tall. These peaks are all part of the Snowdon, Glyderau, and Carneddau ranges in the north of the region. The shorter Moelwynion and Moel Hebog ranges lie immediately to the south.
Toponymy, toponymics, or toponomastics is the study of toponyms, including their origins, meanings, usage and types. Toponym is the general term for a proper name of any geographical feature, and full scope of the term also includes proper names of all cosmographical features.
Cumbric is an extinct Celtic language of the Brittonic subgroup spoken during the Early Middle Ages in the Hen Ogledd or "Old North", in what became the counties of Westmorland and Cumberland, and also Northumberland and northern parts of Lancashire and Yorkshire in Northern England and the southern Scottish Lowlands. It was closely related to Old Welsh and the other Brittonic languages. Place-name evidence suggests Cumbric may also have been spoken as far south as Pendle and the Yorkshire Dales. The prevailing view is that it became extinct in the 12th century, after the incorporation of the semi-independent Kingdom of Strathclyde into the Kingdom of Scotland.
An endonym is a common, native name for a group of people, individual person, geographical place, language, or dialect, meaning that it is used inside a particular group or linguistic community to identify or designate themselves, their place of origin, or their language.
Cawl is a Welsh dish. In modern Welsh, the word is used for any soup or broth; in English, it refers to a traditional Welsh soup, usually called cawl Cymreig in Welsh. Historically, ingredients tended to vary, but the most common recipes are lamb or beef with leeks, potatoes, swedes, carrots and other seasonal vegetables. Cawl is recognised as a national dish of Wales.
An English exonym is a name in the English language for a place, or occasionally other terms, which does not follow the local usage. Exonyms and endonyms are features of all languages, and other languages may have their own exonym for English endonyms, for example Llundain is the Welsh exonym for the English endonym "London".
The Ovambo language is a dialect cluster spoken by the Ovambo people in southern Angola and northern Namibia, of which the written standards are Kwanyama and Ndonga.
The ethnonyms for the Poles (people) and Poland include endonyms and exonyms. Endonyms and most exonyms for Poles and Poland derive from the name of the West Slavic tribe of Polans (Polanie), while in some languages the exonyms for Poland to derive from the name of another tribe – the Lendians (Lędzianie).
The place-names of Wales derive in most cases from the Welsh language, but have also been influenced by linguistic contact with the Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Vikings, Anglo-Normans and modern English. Toponymy in Wales reveals significant features of the country's history and geography, as well as the development of the Welsh language. Its study is promoted by the Welsh Place-Name Society.
Common Brittonic, also known as British, Common Brythonic, or Proto-Brittonic, is an extinct Celtic language spoken in Britain and Brittany.
This article describes the etymology of Wales, a country of the United Kingdom.
This is a list of exonyms in the Cornish language.