Algeria
 Algeria an Ailgéir | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Algiers | Cathair na hAilgéire | Al Jāza'ir (الجزائر) | Standard Arabic | |
| Dzayer | Berber | |||
This is a list of Irish language exonyms for places outside of Ireland. The tables contain both endonyms and exonyms of places around the world, with the exonyms written in Irish and the endonyms in their regional language(s).
| Algeria an Ailgéir | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Algiers | Cathair na hAilgéire | Al Jāza'ir (الجزائر) | Standard Arabic | |
| Dzayer | Berber | |||
 Belgium an Bheilg | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Antwerp | Antuairp | Antwerpen | Dutch | |
| Brussels | an Bhruiséil | Brussel | Dutch | |
| Bruxelles | French | |||
| Flanders | Flóndras | Vlaanderen | Dutch | |
| Leuven | Lováin | Leuven | Dutch | Site of St Anthony's College, Leuven, a centre of Irish learning and culture on the Continent |
| Ostend | Ostainn | Oostende | Dutch | |
| Wallonia | an Vallúin | Wallonie | French | |
| Walonreye | Walloon | |||
 Bosnia and Herzegovina an Bhoisnia agus Heirseagaivéin | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Sarajevo | Sairéavo | Sarajevo (Сарајево) | Bosnian | |
 Canada Ceanada | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Labrador | (Leithinis) Labradar | Labrador | English, French | |
| Nunatsuak | Inuttitut | |||
| Newfoundland | Talamh an Éisc | Ikkarumikluak | Inuttitut | Irish name means "fishing grounds"; Newfoundland was settled by large numbers of Irish emigrants |
| Newfoundland | English | |||
| Terre-Neuve | French | |||
| Nova Scotia | Albain Nua | Alba Nuadh | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Nouvelle-Écosse | French | |||
| Nova Scotia | English | |||
 China an tSín | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Beijing | Bésing | Beijing (北京) | Mandarin | |
| Tibet | Tibéid | Bhö (བོད) | Tibetan | |
 Croatia an Chróit | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
| Dalmatia | an Dalmáit | Dalmacija | |
| Zagreb | Ságrab | Zagreb | |
 Cyprus an Chipir | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endony | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Nicosia | an Leafcóis; an Nicóis | Lefkosía | Greek | |
| Lefkoşa | Turkish | |||
 Czech Republic an tSeic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
| Bohemia | an Bhohéim | Čechy | |
| Prague | Prág | Praha | |
 Denmark an Danmhairg | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
| Copenhagen | Cóbanhávan | København | |
| Jutland | an Iútlainn | Jylland | |
| Zealand | an tSéalainn | Sjælland | |
 Egypt an Éigipt | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Cairo | Caireo | |||
 France an Fhrainc | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | French place | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Bordeaux | Bordghal | Bordeaux | French | |
| Bordèu | Gascon | From Latin Burdigula [1] | ||
| Brittany | an Bhríotáin | Breizh | Breton | |
| Bretagne | French | |||
| Burgundy | an Bhurgúin | Bourgogne | French | |
| Corsica | an Chorsaic | Corse | French | |
| Corsica | Italian | |||
| Lorraine | an Lorráin | Lorraine | French | |
| Lottringe | West Franconian | |||
| Louréne | Lorrain | |||
| Normandy | an Normainn | Normandie | French | |
| Normaundie | Norman | |||
| Paris | Páras | Paris | French | |
 Germany an Ghearmáin | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Bavaria | an Bhaváir | Bayern | German | |
| Berlin | Beirlín | Berlin | German | [2] |
| Saxony | an tSacsain | Sachsen | German | |
| Saggsn | Upper Saxon | |||
| Sakska | Upper Sorbian | |||
 Great Britain and Crown dependencies: an Bhreatain Mhór | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Aberdeen | Obar Dheathain | Obar Dheathain | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Bristol | Briostó | Bristol | English | |
| Cardiff | Caedydd | Caerdydd | Welsh | |
| Carlisle | Cathair Luail | Carlisle | English | |
| Coatbridge | Drochaid an Chóta | Drochaid a' Chòta | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Cornwall | an Chorn | Kernow | Cornish | |
| Corn na Breataine | ||||
| Douglas | Dúlais | Doolish | Manx | |
| Glasgow | Glaschú | Glaschu | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Dundee | Dún Déagh | Dùn Dèagh | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Edinburgh | Dún Éideann | Dùn Èideann | Scottish Gaelic | |
| England | Sasana | England | English | From Old Irish Saxain (“Saxons, England”). [3] [4] |
| Guernsey | Geansaí | |||
| Hebrides | Inse Ghall | na h-Innse Gall | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Inverness | Inbhear Nis | Inbhir Nis | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Isle of Man | Manainn | Mannin | Manx | Translation Oileán Mhanann (from Manx : Ellan Vannin) also used |
| Isle of Wight | Inis Iocht | Isle of Wight | English | |
| Jersey | Geirsí | |||
| Liverpool | Learpoll, Learpholl | Liverpool | English | |
| London | Londain | London | English | |
| Manchester | Manchain | Manchester | English | From Latin Mancunia |
| Orkney | Inse Orc | Arcaibh | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Oxford | Áth na nDamh | Oxford | English | Calque, literally "ford of the oxen" |
| Perth | Peairt | Peairt | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Scotland | Albain | Alba | Scottish Gaelic | See Alba |
| Severn | an tSabhrainn | Severn | English | |
| Hafren | Welsh | |||
| Stirling | Sruighle | Sruighlea | Scottish Gaelic | English name also used in Irish |
| Strathclyde | Srath Chluaidh | Srath Chluaidh | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Thames | an Tamais | Thames | English | |
| Wales | an Bhreatain Bheag | Cymru | Welsh | Literally "Little Britain." [5] |
| York | Eabhrac | York | English | From the Latin Eboracum . |
 Greece an Ghréig | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Language | Notes | |||
| Athens | an Aithin | |||
| Crete | an Chréit | |||
| Rhodes | Ródas | |||
| Thessaloniki | Teasaloinicé | |||
 Iceland an Íoslainn | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
| Reykjavík | Réicivíc | Reykjavík | |
 India an India, an Ind | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Delhi | Deilí | |||
| Kolkata | Calcúta | |||
 Indonesia an Indinéis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Jakarta | Iacárta | Jakarta | Indonesian | |
 Israel an Iosrael | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Jerusalem | Iarúsailéim | Al-Quds | Arabic | From Latin Ierusalem. The earliest Irish form is Old Irish Hierosalem, from the 8th-century poems of Blathmac mac Con Brettan. |
| Yerushalayim (ירושלים) | Hebrew | |||
 Italy an Iodáil | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Florence | Flórans | |||
| Lombardy | an Lombaird | |||
| Milan | Milan/ Milano [6] | |||
| Piedmont | Píodmant | |||
| Rome | an Róimh | |||
| Sardinia | an tSairdín | |||
| Sicily | an tSicil | |||
| Tuscany | an Tuscáin | |||
| Venice | an Veinéis | |||
 Libya an Libia | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Tripoli | Tripilí | |||
 Lithuania an Liotuáin | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Vilnius | Vilnias | Vilnius | Lithuanian | |
 Moldova an Mholdóiv | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Chişinău | Císineá | |||
 Myanmar Maenmar | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Yangon | Rangún | |||
 Palestine an Phalaistín | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Bethlehem | Beithil | بيت لحم (Beit Lahm) | Arabic | |
| בֵּית לֶחֶם (Bet Leḥem) | Hebrew | |||
| Jerusalem | Iarúsailéim | القُدس (Al-Quds) | Arabic | From Latin Ierusalem. The earliest Irish form is Old Irish Hierosalem, from the 8th-century poems of Blathmac mac Con Brettan. |
| יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (Yershuláyim) | Hebrew | |||
| Nazareth | Nazarat | النَّاصِرَة (an-Nāṣira) | Arabic | |
| נָצְרַת (Natsrat) | Hebrew | |||
| ܢܨܪܬ, (Naṣrath) | Imperial Aramaic | |||
 Poland an Pholainn | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Warsaw | Vársá | Warzawa | Polish | |
 Portugal an Phortaingéil | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Lisbon | Liospóin | Lisboa | Portuguese | |
| Madeira | Maidéara | |||
 Romania an Rómáin | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Bucharest | Búcairist | Bucureşti | Romanian | |
 Russia an Rúis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Moscow | Moscó | Moskva | Russian | |
| Saint Petersburg | Cathair Pheadair | Sankt Peterburg | Russian | |
| Siberia | an tSibéir | |||
| Ural | an Úrail | |||
 Serbia an tSeirbia | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
| Belgrade | Béalgrád | Beograd | |
 South Korea an Chóiré Theas | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
| Seoul | Súl | ||
 Spain an Spáinn | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| A Coruña | an Choróin | Obsolete | ||
| Cathair na Cruinne | ||||
| Aragon | an Aragóin | |||
| Galicia | an Ghailís | |||
| Mallorca | Mallarca | |||
| Menorca | Mionarca | |||
| Seville | Seville | |||
 Sudan an tSúdáin | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Khartoum | Cartúm | |||
 Sweden an tSualainn | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Götaland | an Ghotlann | Götaland | Swedish | |
| Stockholm | Stócólm | Stockholm | Swedish | |
 Switzerland an Eilvéis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Geneva | an Ghinéiv | Genf | German | |
| Genève | French | |||
 Syria an tSiria | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Damascus | an Damaisc | Dimašq | Standard Arabic | |
 Tunisia an Túnéis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Tunisian place | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Tunis | Túinis | |||
 Ukraine an Úcráin | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Crimea | an Chrimé | |||
| Kyiv | Cív | Kyiv | Ukrainian | |
 United Arab Emirates Aontas na nÉimíríochtaí Arabacha | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Abu Dhabi | Abú Daibí | |||
 United States Stáit Aontaithe | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Boston | Bostún | Boston | English | |
| Ellis Island | Oileán an Choraintín | Ellis Island | English | Meaning ‘Quarantine Island,’ reflecting the fact that Irish arrivals in New York were seen as carriers of infections and obliged to spend periods of quarantine there. |
| Hawai'i | Haváí | Hawai'i | English, Hawaiian | |
| New York City | Nua-Eabhrac | New York City | English | From the Latin Eboracum , the old name for York, England. |
 Vietnam Vítneam | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Hanoi | Hanáí | Hà Nội | Vietnamese | |
Shelta is a language spoken by Irish Travellers, particularly in Ireland and the United Kingdom. It is widely known as the Cant, to its native speakers in Ireland as de Gammon or Tarri, and to the linguistic community as Shelta. Other terms for it include the Seldru, and Shelta Thari, among others. The exact number of native speakers is hard to determine due to sociolinguistic issues but Ethnologue puts the number of speakers at 30,000 in the UK, 6,000 in Ireland, and 50,000 in the US. The figure for at least the UK is dated to 1990. It is not clear if the other figures are from the same source.
Foras na Gaeilge is a public body responsible for the promotion of the Irish language throughout the island of Ireland, including both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. It was set up on 2 December 1999, assuming the roles of the Irish language board Bord na Gaeilge, the publisher An Gúm, and the terminological committee An Coiste Téarmaíochta, all three of which had formerly been state bodies of the Irish government.
An endonym /'endənɪm/ is a common, native name for a group of people, individual person, geographical place, language, or dialect, meaning that it is used inside a particular group or linguistic community to identify or designate themselves, their place of origin, or their language.
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Tomás Mac Donnchadha de Bhaldraithe was an Irish scholar notable for his work on the Irish language, particularly in the field of lexicography. He is best known for his English-Irish Dictionary, published in 1959.
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