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This list covers English language national capital city names with their etymologies. Some of these include notes on indigenous names and their etymologies. Some of these etymologies are uncertain. The former capitals also have their etymologies listed in this article.
Albania :
Algeria :
Angola :
Armenia :
Austria :
Bahamas :
Bahrain :
Barbados :
Belarus :
Belgium :
Belize :
Benin :
Bhutan :
Bolivia :
Botswana :
Brazil :
Brunei :
Bulgaria :
Burundi :
Cambodia :
Cameroon :
Canada :
Chad :
Chile :
China :
Colombia :
Comoros :
Democratic Republic of the Congo :
Croatia :
Cuba :
Cyprus :
Denmark :
Djibouti :
Dominica :
Ecuador :
Egypt :
For older capitals and their etymologies, see List of historical capitals of Egypt.
Eritrea :
Estonia :
Ethiopia :
Fiji :
Finland :
France :
Gabon :
Gambia :
Georgia :
Germany :
Ghana :
Greece :
Grenada :
Guinea :
Guyana :
Haiti :
Honduras :
Hungary :
Iceland :
India :
Iran :
Iraq :
Ireland :
Israel :
Italy :
Jamaica :
Japan :
Jordan :
Kenya :
Kiribati :
Kosovo :
Kuwait :
Laos :
Latvia :
Lebanon :
Lesotho :
Liberia :
Libya :
Malawi :
Malaysia :
Maldives :
Mali :
Malta :
Mexico :
Federated States of Micronesia :
Moldova :
Monaco :
Mongolia :
Morocco :
Myanmar :
Namibia :
Nauru : Yaren
Nepal :
Nicaragua : (1821–1857 alternating between Conservative govts.: Granada and Liberal govts.: León)
Niger :
Nigeria :
Norway :
Oman :
Pakistan :
Palau :
Panama :
Paraguay :
Peru :
Poland :
Portugal :
Qatar :
Romania :
Russia :
Rwanda :
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines :
Samoa :
Senegal :
Serbia :
Slovakia :
Slovenia :
Somalia :
Spain :
Sudan :
Suriname :
Sweden :
Syria :
Taiwan (Republic of China):
Tanzania :
Thailand :
Togo :
Tonga :
Tunisia :
Turkey :
Tuvalu :
Uganda :
Ukraine :
Uruguay :
Vanuatu :
Vietnam :
it was first referred to as Kroai in a Byzantine document in the early seventh century.
This is a list of etymological lists.
Ajam is an Arabic word meaning mute. It generally refers to someone whose mother tongue is not Arabic, as well as non-Arabs. During the Arab conquest of Persia, the term became a racial pejorative. In many languages, including Persian, Turkish, Urdu–Hindi, Azerbaijani, Bengali, Kurdish, Gujarati, Malay, Punjabi, and Swahili, Ajam and Ajami refer to Iran and Iranians respectively.
In etymology, two or more words in the same language are called doublets or etymological twins or twinlings when they have different phonological forms but the same etymological root. Often, but not always, the words entered the language through different routes. Given that the kinship between words that have the same root and the same meaning is fairly obvious, the term is mostly used to characterize pairs of words that have diverged at least somewhat in meaning. For example, English pyre and fire are doublets with merely associated meanings despite both descending ultimately from the same Proto-Indo-European (PIE) word *péh₂ur.
Arabic influence on the Spanish language overwhelmingly dates from the Muslim era of the Iberian Peninsula between 711 and 1492. The influence results mainly from the large number of Arabic loanwords and derivations in Spanish, plus a few other less obvious effects.
The word chemistry derives from the word alchemy, which is found in various forms in European languages. Alchemy derives from the Arabic word kimiya (كيمياء) or al-kīmiyāʾ (الكيمياء). The Arabic term is derived from the Ancient Greek χημία, khēmia, or χημεία, khēmeia, 'art of alloying metals', from χύμα, from χέω . However, the ultimate origin of the word is uncertain. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, al-kīmiyāʾ may be derived from the greek "χημία", which is derived from the ancient Egyptian name of Egypt, khem or khm, khame, or khmi, meaning "blackness", i.e., the rich dark soil of the Nile river valley. Therefore, alchemy can be seen as the "Egyptian art" or the "black art". However, it is also possible that al-kīmiyāʾ derived from χημεία, meaning "cast together".
Rebracketing is a process in historical linguistics where a word originally derived from one set of morphemes is broken down or bracketed into a different set. For example, hamburger, originally from Hamburg+er, has been rebracketed into ham+burger, and burger was later reused as a productive morpheme in coinages such as cheeseburger. It is usually a form of folk etymology, or may seem to be the result of valid morphological processes.