These are the international rankings of Turkey.
| Survey | 2019 rank | 2018 rank | 2017 rank | 2016 rank | 2015 rank | 2014 rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human Development Index | N/A |  56 | 64 | 71 |  72 | 69 |
| Legatum Prosperity Index | N/A | 91 | 93 | 88 | 78 | 86 |
| Index of Economic Freedom | 71 | 68 | 58 | 60 | 70 |  69 |
| Democracy Index | 110 | 110 | 100 | 97 | 97 | 98 |
| Corruption Perceptions Index | 91 | 78 | 81 | 75 | 66 | 64 |
| World Happiness Report | 79 | 74 | 69 | 78 | 76 | N/A |
| Survey | 2019 rank | 2018 rank | 2017 rank | 2016 rank | 2015 rank | 2014 rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atlas of Economic Complexity. [1] | N/A | 40 | 36 | 41 | 40 | 38 |
| GDP Nominal | 19 | 18 | 17 | 17 | 16 | 16 |
| GDP PPP | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 14 |
| Global Competitiveness Report | 61 | 61 | 53 | 55 | 51 | 45 |
| Ease of Doing Business Index | 33 | 43 | 60 | 69 | 55 | 55 |
| PISA | 2018 rank | 2018 score | 2015 rank | 2015 score | 2012 rank | 2012 score | 2009 rank | 2009 score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mathematics | 42 | 454 | 49 | 420 | 44 | 448 | 43 | 445 |
| Science | 39 | 468 | 52 | 425 | 43 | 463 | 43 | 454 |
| Reading | 39 | 466 | 50 | 428 | 41 | 475 | 41 | 464 |
| Survey | 2019 rank | 2018 rank | 2017 rank | 2016 rank | 2015 rank | 2013 rank | 2010 rank | 2007 rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind power [2] | 12 (8.1 GW) | 12 (7.4 GW) | 12 (6.5 MW) | 12 (6.1 GW) | 15 (4.7 GW) | 16 (3 GW) | 17 (1.3 GW) | 30 (0.07 GW) |
| Solar power [3] | 13 (6 GW) | 12 (5.1 GW) | 13 (3.4 GW) | 26 (0.8 GW) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Geothermal power [4] | 4 (1.5 GW) | 4 (1.2 GW) | 10 (0.4 GW) | 10 (0.4 GW) | 10 (0.4 GW) | 12 (0.2 GW) | 13 (0.01 MW) | 16 N/A |
| Mineral Output | Country Ranking |
|---|---|
| Boron | 1 out of 196 [12] |
| Pumice | 1 out of 196 [13] |
| Pumicite | 1 out of 196 [14] |
| Feldspar | 1 out of 196 [15] |
| Magnesium compounds | 2 out of 196 [16] |
| Perlite | 3 in the world [17] |
| Bentonite | 3 in the world [18] |
| Chromite ore | 4 in the world [19] |
| Antimony | 5 in the world [20] |
| Cement | 5 in the world [21] |
| Kaolin | 7 in the world [22] |
| Steel | 8 in the world [23] |
| Barite | 10 in the world [24] |
| Agricultural Output | Country Ranking |
|---|---|
| Almonds | 5 out of 196 [25] |
| Apples | 3 out of 96 [26] |
| Apricots | 1 out of 96 [27] |
| Artichoke | 11 out of 32 [28] |
| Barley | 8 out of 193 [29] |
| Cherry | 1 in the world [30] |
| Chestnut | 2 in the world [31] |
| Clementine | 3 in the world [32] |
| Cotton | 6 out of 94 [33] |
| Cucumber | 4 out of 137 [34] |
| Eggplant | 4 out of 94 [35] |
| Fig | 1 out of 137 [36] |
| Garlic | 14 out of 99 [37] |
| Grape | 6 out of 94 [38] |
| Hazelnut | 1 in the world [39] |
| Honey | 2 in the world [40] |
| Lemon | 6 out of 96 [41] |
| Melon | 2 in the world [42] |
| Milk | 7 in the world [43] |
| Olive | 4 in the world [44] |
| Olive oil | 3 in the world [45] |
| Peach | 5 in the world [46] |
| Pear | 5 out of 87 [47] |
| Pistachio | 3 in the world [48] |
| Plum | 6 in the world [49] |
| Potato | 16 in the world [50] |
| Quince | 1 in the world [51] |
| Sour Cherry | 1 in the world [52] |
| Soybean | 34 in the world [53] |
| Spinach | 4 in the world [54] |
| Strawberry | 5 in the world [55] |
| Sugar beet | 5 in the world [56] |
| Tobacco | 6 in the world [57] |
| Tomato | 3 out of 94 [58] |
| Walnut | 4 in the world [59] |
| Watermelon | 4 in the world [60] |
Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, and forestry for food and non-food products. Agriculture was a key factor in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to live in cities. While humans started gathering grains at least 105,000 years ago, nascent farmers only began planting them around 11,500 years ago. Sheep, goats, pigs, and cattle were domesticated around 10,000 years ago. Plants were independently cultivated in at least 11 regions of the world. In the 20th century, industrial agriculture based on large-scale monocultures came to dominate agricultural output.
A cereal is a grass cultivated for its edible grain. Cereals are the world's largest crops, and are therefore staple foods. They include rice, wheat, rye, oats, barley, millet, and maize. Edible grains from other plant families, such as buckwheat and quinoa, are pseudocereals. Most cereals are annuals, producing one crop from each planting, though rice is sometimes grown as a perennial. Winter varieties are hardy enough to be planted in the autumn, becoming dormant in the winter, and harvested in spring or early summer; spring varieties are planted in spring and harvested in late summer. The term cereal is derived from the name of the Roman goddess of grain crops and fertility, Ceres.
The economy of Nepal is a developing category and is largely dependent on agriculture and remittances. Until the mid-20th century Nepal was an isolated pre-industrial society, which entered the modern era in 1951 without schools, hospitals, roads, telecommunications, electric power, industry, or civil service. The country has, however, made progress toward sustainable economic growth since the 1950s. The country was opened to economic liberalization, leading to economic growth and improvement in living standards when compared to the past. The biggest challenges faced by the country in achieving higher economic development are the frequent changes in political leadership, as well as corruption. Nepal has consistently been ranked as one of the poorest countries in the world.
The economy of Pakistan is categorized as a developing economy. It ranks as the 24th-largest based on GDP using purchasing power parity (PPP) and the 46th largest in terms of nominal GDP. With a population of 241.5 million people as of 2023, Pakistan's position at per capita income ranks 161st by GDP (nominal) and 138th by GDP (PPP) according to the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
The economy of the Philippines is an emerging market, and considered as a newly industrialized country in the Asia-Pacific region. In 2024, the Philippine economy is estimated to be at ₱26.55 trillion, making it the world's 32nd largest by nominal GDP and 13th largest in Asia according to the International Monetary Fund.
The Economy of Switzerland is one of the world's most advanced and a highly-developed free market economy. The economy of Switzerland has ranked first in the world since 2015 on the Global Innovation Index and third in the 2020 Global Competitiveness Report. According to United Nations data for 2016, Switzerland is the third richest landlocked country in the world after Liechtenstein and Luxembourg. Together with the latter and Norway, they are the only three countries in the world with a GDP per capita (nominal) above US$90,000 that are neither island nations nor ministates. Among OECD nations, Switzerland holds the 3rd-largest GDP per capita. Switzerland has a highly efficient and strong social security system; social expenditure stood at roughly 24.1% of GDP.
Baryte, barite or barytes ( BARR-eyet, BAIR- or bə-RYTE-eez) is a mineral consisting of barium sulfate (BaSO4). Baryte is generally white or colorless, and is the main source of the element barium. The baryte group consists of baryte, celestine (strontium sulfate), anglesite (lead sulfate), and anhydrite (calcium sulfate). Baryte and celestine form a solid solution (Ba,Sr)SO4.
Coltan is a dull black metallic ore from which the elements niobium and tantalum are extracted. The niobium-dominant mineral in coltan is columbite, and the tantalum-dominant mineral is tantalite.
Mining in Australia has long been a significant primary sector industry and contributor to the Australian economy by providing export income, royalty payments and employment. Historically, mining booms have also encouraged population growth via immigration to Australia, particularly the gold rushes of the 1850s. Many different ores, gems and minerals have been mined in the past and a wide variety are still mined throughout the country.
Canada ranks among the highest in international measurements of civil liberties, quality of life, education levels, gender equality, public services, public security and environmental sustainability. It ranks among the lowest of the most developed countries for housing affordability, healthcare services and foreign direct investment.
The Mountain Pass Rare Earth Mine and Processing Facility, owned by MP Materials, is an open-pit mine of rare-earth elements on the south flank of the Clark Mountain Range in California, 53 miles (85 km) southwest of Las Vegas, Nevada. In 2020 the mine supplied 15.8% of the world's rare-earth production. It is the only rare-earth mining and processing facility in the United States.
Food security is defined, according to the World Food Summit of 1996, as existing "when all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life". This commonly refers to people having "physical and economic access" to food that meets both their nutritional needs and food preferences. Today, Ethiopia faces high levels of food insecurity, ranking as one of the hungriest countries in the world, with an estimated 5.2 million people needing food assistance in 2010. Ethiopia was ranked 92 in the world in Global Hunger Index 2020.
The following list creates a summary of the two major producers of different minerals.
International rankings of South Africa
Food prices refer to the average price level for food across countries, regions and on a global scale. Food prices affect producers and consumers of food. Price levels depend on the food production process, including food marketing and food distribution. Fluctuation in food prices is determined by a number of compounding factors. Geopolitical events, global demand, exchange rates, government policy, diseases and crop yield, energy costs, availability of natural resources for agriculture, food speculation, changes in the use of soil and weather events directly affect food prices. To a certain extent, adverse price trends can be counteracted by food politics.
In 2017, the aggregate industry in the United States mined and sold 2.12 billion metric tons of crushed rock, sand and gravel valued at US$20.9 billion. There are thousands of aggregate-producing companies in the US, operating in each of the 50 states, and employing 105,000 people. Most aggregate is used by the construction industry, where it is an essential raw material and the main ingredient in concrete and asphalt concrete.
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