LGBT rights in the Americas

Last updated

LGBTQ rights in the Americas
LGBT rights Americas.svg
Status of same-sex marriage and other types of same-sex partnerships in the Americas.
  Same-sex marriage1
  Other type of registered partnership1
  Limited domestic recognition1
  Foreign marriages recognized for residency only
  Unrecognized
  Constitution restricts marriage to opposite-sex couples
  Unenforced ban on same-sex sexual activity
1May include recent laws or court decisions which have created legal recognition of same-sex relationships, but which have not entered into effect yet.
Status Legal in 30 out of 35 states; equal age of consent in 26 out of 35 states
Legal in all 21 territories; equal age of consent in 16 out of 21 territories
Gender identity Legal in 13 out of 35 states
Legal in 8 out of 21 territories
Military Allowed to serve openly in 14 out of 29 states that have an army
Allowed in all 21 territories
Discrimination protections Protected in 22 out of 35 states
Protected in 14 out of 21 territories
Family rights
Recognition of relationships Recognized in 11 out of 35 states
Recognized in 18 out of 21 territories
RestrictionsSame-sex marriage constitutionally banned in 7 out of 35 states
Adoption Legal in 7 out of 35 states
Legal in 13 out of 21 territories

Laws governing lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights are complex and diverse in the Americas, and acceptance of LGBTQ persons varies widely.

Contents

Same-sex marriages are currently legal in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Mexico, United States and Uruguay. Free unions that are equivalent to marriage have begun to be recognized in Bolivia. Among non-independent states, same-sex marriage is also legal in Greenland, the British Overseas Territories of the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, all French territories (Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint Barthélemy, French Guiana, Saint Martin, and Saint Pierre and Miquelon), and in the Caribbean Netherlands, Aruba, and Curaçao, while marriages performed in the Netherlands are recognised in Sint Maarten. More than 800 million people live in nations or sub-national entities in the Americas where same-sex marriages are available.

On 9 January 2018, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights issued an advisory opinion that states party to the American Convention on Human Rights should grant same-sex couples accession to all existing domestic legal systems of family registration, including marriage, along with all rights that derive from marriage. [1] The Supreme Courts of Honduras, [2] Panama, [3] Peru [4] and Suriname [5] have rejected the IACHR advisory opinion, while the Supreme Courts of Costa Rica and Ecuador adhered to it. Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and Uruguay are also under the court's jurisdiction, but already had same-sex marriage before the ruling was handed down.

However, five other nations still have unenforced criminal penalties for "buggery" on their statute books. [6] These are Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, of which Guyana is on mainland South America, while the rest are Caribbean islands. They are all former parts of the British West Indies. In addition, in Anguilla, the Bahamas, the Cayman Islands, Paraguay, Montserrat, Suriname and the Turks and Caicos Islands, the age of consent is higher for same-sex sexual relations than for opposite-sex ones, and in Bermuda, the age of consent for anal sex is higher than that for other types of sexual activities.

Religion and LGBT acceptance

The British, French, Spanish and Portuguese colonists, who settled most of the Americas, brought Christianity from Europe. In particular, the Roman Catholic Church and the Protestants, both of which oppose legal recognition of homosexual relationships. These were followed by the Eastern Orthodox church, [7] the Methodist Church, [8] [9] and some other Mainline (Protestant) denominations, such as the Reformed Church in America [10] and the American Baptist Church, [11] as well as conservative evangelical organizations and churches, such as the Evangelical Alliance and the Southern Baptist Convention. [12] [13] [14] Pentecostal churches, such as the Assemblies of God, [15] as well as restorationist churches (like Jehovah's Witnesses and Mormons), also take the position that homosexual sexual activity is ‘sinful’. [16] [17]

However, other denominations have become more accepting of LGBT people in recent decades, including the Episcopalian church in the United States, the Evangelical Lutheran Church (also in America), the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Canada, the Anglican Church of Canada, the United Church of Canada, the United Church of Christ, the Unitarian Universalist Association, and the Society of Friends (Quakers), as well as some congregations of the Presbyterian Church in America. Most of these denominations now perform same-sex weddings or blessings. Furthermore, many churches in the United Methodist Church (in the US) are choosing to officiate and bless same-sex marriage despite denomination-wide restrictions. [18] In addition, in the United States, conservative Judaism, reform Judaism, and reconstructionist Judaism now welcome LGBT worshippers and perform same-sex weddings.

  Indicates the country/territory has legalized same-sex adoption nationwide
  Indicates that same-sex adoption is legal in certain parts of the country
  Indicates that the country has step-child adoption or partner-guardianship
Opinion polls for same-sex adoption in Americas
CountryPollsterYearForAgainstDon't Know/Neutral/No answer/Other
Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina Ipsos202371% [19] 24%6%
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil Ipsos202369% [19] 22%9%
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada Ipsos202374% [19] 17%9%
Flag of Chile.svg  Chile CADEM202270% [20] 28%2%
Flag of Colombia.svg  Colombia Ipsos202353% [19] 40%7%
Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico Ipsos202360% [19] 34%6%
Flag of Peru.svg  Peru Ipsos202351% [19] 42%7%
Flag of the United States.svg  United States Ipsos202364% [19] 26%10%
Flag of Uruguay.svg  Uruguay Equipos Consultores201352% [21] 39%9%
Flag of Venezuela.svg  Venezuela Equilibrium Cende202348% [22]
(55%)		39%
(45%)		13%
Recognition of same-sex unions in South America Marriage Other type of partnership Country subject to IACHR ruling Unrecognized Constitution limits marriage to opposite-sex couples Same-sex sexual activity illegal, though penalties not enforced .mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" * ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "} .mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}} v t e State recognition of same-sex relationships (South America).svg
Recognition of same-sex unions in South America
  Marriage
  Other type of partnership
  Country subject to IACHR ruling
  Unrecognized
  Constitution limits marriage to opposite-sex couples
  Same-sex sexual activity illegal, though penalties not enforced
Homosexuality laws in Central America and the Caribbean Islands. Same-sex marriage Other type of partnership Unregistered cohabitation Country subject to IACHR ruling No recognition of same-sex couples Constitution limits marriage to opposite-sex couples Same-sex sexual activity illegal but law not enforced v t e Homosexuality laws in Central America and the Caribbean Islands.svg
Homosexuality laws in Central America and the Caribbean Islands.
  Same-sex marriage
  Other type of partnership
  Unregistered cohabitation
  Country subject to IACHR ruling
  No recognition of same-sex couples
  Constitution limits marriage to opposite-sex couples
  Same-sex sexual activity illegal but law not enforced
Recognition of same-sex unions in the Lesser Antilles and Puerto Rico Same-sex marriage Unregistered cohabitation Island subject to IACHR ruling No recognition of same-sex couples Constitutional ban on same-sex marriage Same-sex sexual activity illegal but penalties not enforced v t e Same-sex legislation Lesser Antilles (named).svg
Recognition of same-sex unions in the Lesser Antilles and Puerto Rico
  Same-sex marriage
  Unregistered cohabitation
  Island subject to IACHR ruling
  No recognition of same-sex couples
  Constitutional ban on same-sex marriage
  Same-sex sexual activity illegal but penalties not enforced

Legislation by country or territory

Main article: LGBT rights by country or territory
Tables:

North America

LGBT rights in:Same-sex sexual activityRecognition of same-sex unionsSame-sex marriageAdoption by same-sex couplesLGB people allowed to serve openly in militaryAnti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientationLaws concerning gender identity/expression
Flag of Bermuda.svg Bermuda
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)		 Yes check.svg Legal since 1994; equal age of consent since 2019
+ UN decl. sign. [6] 		Yes check.svg Domestic partnerships since 2018 [23] X mark.svg Was legal between November 2018 and March 2022 and between May 2017 and June 2018 Yes check.svg Legal since 2015 [24] Yes check.svg UK responsible for defence Yes check.svg Bans all anti-gay discrimination [25] X mark.svg
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada Yes check.svg Legal since 1969; equal age of consent since 1987
+ UN decl. sign. [6] [26] 		Yes check.svg Domestic partnerships in Nova Scotia (2001); [27]
Civil unions in Quebec (2002); [28]
Adult interdependent relationships in Alberta (2003); [29]
Common-law relationships in Manitoba (2004) [30] 		Yes check.svg Legal in some provinces and territories since 2003, nationwide since 2005 [31] Yes check.svg Legal in some provinces and territories since 1996, nationwide since 2011 [32] Yes check.svg Since 1992 [33] ; Includes transgender people [34] Yes check.svg Bans all anti-gay discrimination. Ban on conversion therapy since 2022 nationwide Yes check.svg Transgender people can change their gender and name without completion of medical intervention and human rights protections explicitly include gender identity or expression within all of Canada since 2017 [35] [36] [37] [38]
Flag of Greenland.svg Greenland
(Autonomous Territory within the Kingdom of Denmark)		 Yes check.svg Legal since 1933; equal age of consent since 1977
+ UN decl. sign. [6] 		Yes check.svg Registered partnerships between 1996 and 2016 (Existing partnerships are still recognised.) [39] Yes check.svg Legal since 2016 Yes check.svg Stepchild adoption since 2009; [40]
joint adoption since 2016 [41] 		Yes check.svg The Kingdom of Denmark responsible for defence Yes check.svg Bans some anti-gay discrimination [6] Yes check.svg Legal gender change and recognition possible without surgery or hormone therapy [42] [43]
Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico Yes check.svg Legal since 1871
+ UN decl. sign. [6] 		Yes check.svg / X mark.svg Civil unions in Mexico City (2007), Coahuila (2007), [44] Colima (between 2013 and 2016), [45] Campeche (2013), [46] Jalisco (between 2014 and 2018), [47] Michoacán (2015), Tlaxcala (2017), and Veracruz (2020) Yes check.svg Starting in 2010; nationwide since 2022 Yes check.svg / X mark.svg Legal in Mexico City (2010), [48] Coahuila (2014), Chihuahua (2015), Jalisco (2016), Michoacán (2016), Colima (2016), Morelos (2016), Campeche (2016), Veracruz (2016), Baja California (2017), Querétaro (2017), Chiapas (2017), Puebla (2017), Aguascalientes (2018), San Luis Potosi (2019), Hidalgo (2019), Yucatán (2021), Nayarit (2022), Quintana Roo (2022), Baja California Sur (2022), Zacatecas (2023), Tabasco (2024), Durango, Tamaulipas, and Nuevo León (the latter three never had adoption bans) [49] [50] Emblem-question.svg (ambiguous) Yes check.svg Bans all anti-gay discrimination [51] Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal in Mexico City (2020), México (2020), Baja California Sur (2020), Colima (2021), Tlaxcala (2021), Oaxaca (2021), Yucatán (2021), Zacatecas (2021), Baja California (2022), Hidalgo (2022), Jalisco (2022), Puebla (2022), Sonora (2022), Nuevo León (2022), Querétaro (2023), Sinaloa (2023), Quintana Roo (2023), Morelos (2023), Guerrero (2024), and nationwide (2024). Yes check.svg / X mark.svg Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name in Mexico City (2008), [52] Michoacán (2017), Nayarit (2017), Coahuila (2018), Hidalgo (2019), San Luis Potosí (2019), Colima (2019), Baja California (2019), Oaxaca (2019), Tlaxcala (2019), Chihuahua (2019), Sonora (2020), Jalisco (2020), Quintana Roo (2020), Puebla (2021), Baja California Sur (2021), México (2021), Morelos (2021), Sinaloa (2022), Zacatecas (2022), Durango (2023), and Yucatán (2024) [53]
Flag of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon.svg Saint Pierre and Miquelon
(Overseas collectivity of France)		 Yes check.svg Legal since 1791
+ UN decl. sign. [6] 		Yes check.svg Civil solidarity pact since 1999 [54] Yes check.svg Legal since 2013 [55] Yes check.svg Legal since 2013 [56] Yes check.svg Yes check.svg Bans all anti-gay discrimination [57] Yes check.svg Under French law [58]
Flag of the United States.svg United States Yes check.svg Legal in some states since 1962, nationwide since 2003
+ UN decl. sign. [6] 		Yes check.svg Domestic partnerships in California (1999), the District of Columbia (2002), Maine (2004), Washington (2007), Maryland (2008), Oregon (2008), Nevada (2009) and Wisconsin (2009).
Civil unions in Vermont (2000), Connecticut (2005), New Jersey (2007), New Hampshire (2008), Illinois (2011), Rhode Island (2011), Delaware (2012), Hawaii (2012) and Colorado (2013).		 Yes check.svg Legal in some states since 2004, nationwide since 2015 Yes check.svg Legal in some states since 1993, nationwide since 2016 Yes check.svg / X mark.svg Lesbians, gays, and bisexuals have been allowed to serve openly in the U.S. military since 2011, following the repeal of the Don't Ask, Don't Tell policy.
Transgender people have been allowed to serve openly since 2021. [59]
"Transvestites" are currently banned from the military since 2012. [60]
Most openly Intersex people may be banned from the military under the Armed Forces ban of "hermaphrodites". [60] 		Yes check.svg / X mark.svg Employment discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation is prohibited nationwide since 2020.
More extensive protections exist in 23 states, DC, and some municipalities.
Conversion therapy for minors is banned in 22 states, DC, and some municipalities.
Sexual orientation is covered by the federal hate crime law since 2009.		 Yes check.svg / X mark.svg Since April 11, 2022 by legal self determination - gender X became available and recognized formally on US passports. [61] Gender change is legal on birth certificates (under varying conditions by state), in 48 states + DC.
Nonbinary gender markers are available, under varying circumstances, in 25 states + DC.
Employment discrimination on the basis of gender identity is prohibited nationwide since 2020.
More extensive protections exist in 22 states, DC, and some municipalities.
Gender identity is covered by the federal hate crime law since 2009.

Central America

LGBT rights in:Same-sex sexual activityRecognition of same-sex unionsSame-sex marriageAdoption by same-sex couplesLGB people allowed to serve openly in militaryAnti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientationLaws concerning gender identity/expression
Flag of Belize.svg Belize Yes check.svg Legal since 2016 [62] X mark.svg X mark.svg X mark.svg X mark.svg Yes check.svg Bans all anti-gay discrimination [63] [64] [65] X mark.svg [66]
Flag of Costa Rica.svg Costa Rica Yes check.svg Legal since 1971
+ UN decl. sign. [6] 		Yes check.svg Unregistered cohabitation since 2014 [67] [68] Yes check.svg Legal since 2020 Yes check.svg Legal since 2020 [69] Has no military Yes check.svg Bans all anti-gay discrimination [6] Yes check.svg / X mark.svg Transgender persons can change their legal name without surgeries or judicial permission since 2018. Legal gender cannot be changed. Sex indicator removed from all ID cards issued since May 2018 [70] [71] [72] One-time sex change allowed for passports. [73]
Flag of El Salvador.svg El Salvador Yes check.svg Legal since 1822
+ UN decl. sign. [6] 		X mark.svg X mark.svg X mark.svg Yes check.svg [74] [75] Yes check.svg Bans all anti-gay discrimination [74] X mark.svg [76] Bans discrimination based on gender identity.
Flag of Guatemala.svg Guatemala Yes check.svg Legal since 1871
+ UN decl. sign. [6] 		X mark.svg Pending X mark.svg X mark.svg Emblem-question.svg Yes check.svg Bans some anti-gay discrimination X mark.svg [77]
Flag of Honduras.svg Honduras Yes check.svg Legal since 1899
+ UN decl. sign. [6] 		X mark.svg Constitutional ban on de facto unions since 2005 X mark.svg Constitutional ban since 2005; [78] [79] court decision pending X mark.svg Constitutional ban since 2005 X mark.svg Yes check.svg Bans all anti-gay discrimination [80] X mark.svg
Flag of Nicaragua.svg Nicaragua Yes check.svg Legal since 2008
+ UN decl. sign. [6] 		X mark.svg X mark.svg X mark.svg Emblem-question.svg Yes check.svg Bans some anti-gay discrimination [6] X mark.svg
Flag of Panama.svg Panama Yes check.svg Legal since 2008
+ UN decl. sign. [6] 		X mark.svg Court decision pending X mark.svg Court decision pending X mark.svg Court decision pending Has no military Yes check.svg Bans some anti-gay discrimination [81] [82] Yes check.svg Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name after completion of medical intervention since 2006 [83] [84]

Caribbean

Main article: LGBT rights in the Caribbean
LGBT rights in:Same-sex sexual activityRecognition of same-sex unionsSame-sex marriageAdoption by same-sex couplesLGB people allowed to serve openly in militaryAnti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientationLaws concerning gender identity/expression
Flag of Anguilla.svg Anguilla
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)		 Yes check.svg Legal since 2001
Age of consent discrepancy
+ UN decl. sign. [6] 		X mark.svg X mark.svg X mark.svg Yes check.svg UK responsible for defence X mark.svg Emblem-question.svg
Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg Antigua and Barbuda Yes check.svg Legal since 2022 X mark.svg X mark.svg X mark.svg X mark.svg X mark.svg X mark.svg
Flag of Aruba.svg Aruba
(Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)		 Yes check.svg Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)
+ UN decl. sign. [6] 		Yes check.svg Registered partnerships since 2021 [85] Yes check.svg [86] Yes check.svg Yes check.svg The Netherlands responsible for defence Yes check.svg Bans all anti-gay discrimination [87] Emblem-question.svg
Flag of the Bahamas.svg Bahamas Yes check.svg Legal since 1991;
Age of consent discrepancy
+ UN decl. sign. [6] 		X mark.svg X mark.svg X mark.svg Yes check.svg [6] X mark.svg X mark.svg
Flag of Barbados.svg Barbados Yes check.svg Legal since 2022. X mark.svg / Yes check.svg Foreign Domestic Partnerships recognized for immigration purposes "Welcome Stamp" [88]

Civil Unions proposed. [89]

X mark.svg X mark.svg X mark.svg Yes check.svg Bans some anti-gay discrimination [90] X mark.svg
Flag of Bonaire.svg Bonaire
(a special municipality of the Netherlands)		 Yes check.svg Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the municipalities)
+ UN decl. sign. [6] 		Yes check.svg Registered partnerships since 2012 [91] Yes check.svg Legal since 2012 [92] Yes check.svg [93] Yes check.svg The Netherlands responsible for defence Yes check.svg Bans all anti-gay discrimination [94] Yes check.svg
Flag of the British Virgin Islands.svg British Virgin Islands
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)		 Yes check.svg Legal since 2001
+ UN decl. sign. [6] 		X mark.svg X mark.svg X mark.svg Yes check.svg UK responsible for defence Yes check.svg Bans all anti-gay discrimination [95] X mark.svg
Flag of the Cayman Islands.svg Cayman Islands
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)		 Yes check.svg Legal since 2001;
Age of consent discrepancy [6]
+ UN decl. sign.		 Yes check.svg Civil partnerships since 2020 [96] X mark.svg Yes check.svg Legal since 2020 Yes check.svg UK responsible for defence X mark.svg X mark.svg
Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba Yes check.svg Legal since 1979
+ UN decl. sign. [6] 		Yes check.svg Legal since 2022 Yes check.svg Legal since 2022 Yes check.svg Legal since 2022 Yes check.svg [6] [97] Yes check.svg Bans all anti-gay discrimination [98] [99] [100] Yes check.svg Transgender people allowed to change gender after sex change operations [101]
Flag of Curacao.svg Curaçao
(Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)		 Yes check.svg Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)
+ UN decl. sign. [6] 		Yes check.svg Yes check.svg [102] Yes check.svg Yes check.svg The Netherlands responsible for defence Yes check.svg Bans all anti-gay discrimination [103] Emblem-question.svg
Flag of Dominica.svg Dominica Yes check.svg Legal since 2024 [104]
+ UN decl. sign. [6] 		X mark.svg X mark.svg X mark.svg Has no military Yes check.svg Bans some anti-gay discrimination X mark.svg
Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg Dominican Republic Yes check.svg Legal since 1822
+ UN decl. sign. [6] 		X mark.svg X mark.svg Constitutional ban since 2010[ citation needed ] X mark.svg X mark.svg [105] X mark.svg X mark.svg
Flag of Grenada.svg Grenada X mark.svg Male illegal
Penalty: 10-year prison sentence (not enforced). [106] Legalization proposed [107]
Yes check.svg Female always legal [6] 		X mark.svg X mark.svg X mark.svg Has no military X mark.svg X mark.svg
Flag of France.svg Guadeloupe
(Overseas department of France)		 Yes check.svg Legal since 1791
+ UN decl. sign. [6] 		Yes check.svg Civil solidarity pact since 1999 [54] Yes check.svg Legal since 2013 [55] Yes check.svg Legal since 2013 [56] Yes check.svg France responsible for defence Yes check.svg Bans all anti-gay discrimination [57] Yes check.svg Under French law [58]
Flag of Haiti.svg Haiti Yes check.svg Legal since 1791 (as Saint-Domingue) [6] X mark.svg X mark.svg X mark.svg Has no military X mark.svg X mark.svg
Flag of Jamaica.svg Jamaica X mark.svg Male illegal
Penalty: 10 years and/or hard labor (Not enforced). Legalization proposed [108]
Yes check.svg Female always legal. [6] 		X mark.svg X mark.svg Constitutional ban since 1962 X mark.svg X mark.svg X mark.svg X mark.svg
Flag-of-Martinique.svg Martinique
(Overseas department of France)		 Yes check.svg Legal since 1791
+ UN decl. sign. [6] 		Yes check.svg Civil solidarity pact since 1999 [54] Yes check.svg Legal since 2013 [55] Yes check.svg Legal since 2013 [56] Yes check.svg France responsible for defence Yes check.svg Bans all anti-gay discrimination [57] Yes check.svg Under French law [58]
Flag of Montserrat.svg Montserrat
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)		 Yes check.svg Legal since 2001
+ UN decl. sign. [6] 		X mark.svg X mark.svg X mark.svg Yes check.svg UK responsible for defence Yes check.svg Bans all anti-gay discrimination [109] Emblem-question.svg
Flag of Puerto Rico.svg Puerto Rico
(Commonwealth of the United States)		 Yes check.svg Legal since 2003 Yes check.svg Legal since 2015 Yes check.svg Legal since 2015 [110] Yes check.svg Legal since 2015 Yes check.svg United States responsible for defense [111] [112] Yes check.svg Bans some anti-gay discrimination Yes check.svg Gender change legal since 2018; does not require surgery
Flag of Saba.svg Saba
(a special municipality of the Netherlands)		 Yes check.svg Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the municipalities)
+ UN decl. sign. [6] 		Yes check.svg Registered partnerships since 2012 [91] Yes check.svg Legal since 2012 [92] Yes check.svg [93] Yes check.svg The Netherlands responsible for defence Yes check.svg Bans all anti-gay discrimination [94] Yes check.svg [113]
Flag of Saint Barthelemy (local).svg Saint Barthélemy
(Overseas collectivity of France)		 Yes check.svg Legal since 1791
+ UN decl. sign. [6] 		Yes check.svg Civil solidarity pact since 1999 [54] Yes check.svg Legal since 2013 [55] Yes check.svg Legal since 2013 [56] Yes check.svg France responsible for defence Yes check.svg Bans all anti-gay discrimination [57] Yes check.svg Under French law [58]
Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg Saint Kitts and Nevis Yes check.svg Legal since 2022 X mark.svg X mark.svg X mark.svg X mark.svg X mark.svg Emblem-question.svg
Flag of Saint Lucia.svg Saint Lucia X mark.svg Male illegal
Penalty: Fine and/or 10-year prison sentence (Not enforced). Legalization proposed [114]
Yes check.svg Female always legal [6] 		X mark.svg X mark.svg X mark.svg Has no military Yes check.svg Bans some anti-gay discrimination X mark.svg
Flag of France.svg Saint Martin
(Overseas collectivity of France)		 Yes check.svg Legal since 1791
+ UN decl. sign. [6] 		Yes check.svg Civil solidarity pact since 1999 [54] Yes check.svg Legal since 2013 [55] Yes check.svg Legal since 2013 [56] Yes check.svg France responsible for defence Yes check.svg Bans all anti-gay discrimination [57] Yes check.svg Under French law [58]
Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg Saint Vincent and the Grenadines X mark.svg Illegal
Penalty: Fine and/or 10-year prison sentence (Not enforced). [6] Legalization proposed [115] 		X mark.svg X mark.svg X mark.svg Has no military X mark.svg Emblem-question.svg
Flag of Sint Eustatius.svg Sint Eustatius
(a special municipality of the Netherlands)		 Yes check.svg Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the municipalities)
+ UN decl. sign. [6] 		Yes check.svg Registered partnerships since 2012 [91] Yes check.svg Legal since 2012 [92] Yes check.svg [93] Yes check.svg The Netherlands responsible for defence Yes check.svg Bans all anti-gay discrimination [94] Yes check.svg
Flag of Sint Maarten.svg Sint Maarten
(Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)		 Yes check.svg Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)
+ UN decl. sign. [6] 		X mark.svg X mark.svg / Yes check.svg Same-sex marriages performed in the Netherlands recognized[ citation needed ] X mark.svg Yes check.svg The Netherlands responsible for defence Yes check.svg Bans all anti-gay discrimination [116] Emblem-question.svg
Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg Trinidad and Tobago Yes check.svg Legal since 2018 [117] X mark.svg X mark.svg X mark.svg X mark.svg X mark.svg X mark.svg
Flag of the Turks and Caicos Islands.svg Turks and Caicos Islands
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)		 Yes check.svg Legal since 2001
Age of consent discrepancy
+ UN decl. sign. [6] 		X mark.svg X mark.svg X mark.svg Yes check.svg UK responsible for defence Yes check.svg Bans all anti-gay discrimination [6] X mark.svg
Flag of the United States Virgin Islands.svg United States Virgin Islands
(Territory of the United States)		 Yes check.svg Legal since 1985 Yes check.svg Legal since 2015 [118] Yes check.svg Legal since 2015 [118] Yes check.svg Legal since 2015 [118] Yes check.svg United States responsible for defense [111] [112] Yes check.svg Bans all anti-gay discrimination [119] Yes check.svg Legislation enacted in 2022, also explicitly includes gender identity. [119]

South America

LGBT rights in:Same-sex sexual activityRecognition of same-sex unionsSame-sex marriageAdoption by same-sex couplesLGB people allowed to serve openly in militaryAnti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientationLaws concerning gender identity/expression
Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina Yes check.svg Legal since 1887
+ UN decl. sign. [6] 		Yes check.svg Civil unions in Buenos Aires (2003), [120] Río Negro Province (2003), [121] Villa Carlos Paz (2007) and Río Cuarto (2009)
Cohabitation unions nationwide since 2015 [122] 		Yes check.svg Legal since 2010 [123] Yes check.svg Legal since 2010 Yes check.svg Since 2009 [124] Yes check.svg / X mark.svg Legal protection in some cities; [125]
pending nationwide.
Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2010 		Yes check.svg Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name without surgeries or judicial order since 2012 [126]

Transgender persons have a law reserving 1% of Argentina's public sector jobs. Economic incentives included in the new law aim to help trans people find work in all sectors. [127]

Flag of Bolivia.svg Bolivia Yes check.svg Legal since 1832
+ UN decl. sign. [6] 		Yes check.svg Free unions officially recognised starting in 2020; nationwide since 2023. [128] X mark.svg Constitutional ban since 2009 [129] Yes check.svg Same-sex couples in a free union are permitted to adopt [130] Yes check.svg Since 2015 [131] [132] [133] ; Includes transgender people [34] Yes check.svg Bans all anti-gay discrimination [6] Yes check.svg Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name without surgeries or judicial order since 2016 [134] [135] [136]
Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil Yes check.svg Legal since 1830
+ UN decl. sign. [6] 		Yes check.svg "Stable unions" legal and all rights as recognized family entities available nationwide since 2011 [137] [138] Yes check.svg Starting in 2011; nationwide since 2013 [139] [140] Yes check.svg Legal since 2010 [141] Yes check.svg Since 1969 [142] Yes check.svg Bans all anti-gay discrimination. [143]
Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 1999 [144] [145] 		Yes check.svg Transgender people can change their legal gender and name before a notary without the need of surgeries or judicial order since 2018. The sex reassignment surgery, hormonal and psychological treatment are offered free of charge by the Brazilian Unified Health System (UHS) [146] [147] [148]
Flag of Chile.svg Chile Yes check.svg Legal since 1999; equal age of consent since 2022
+ UN decl. sign. [6] 		Yes check.svg Civil unions since 2015 [149] Yes check.svg Legal since 2022 [150] Yes check.svg Legal since 2022 [150] Yes check.svg Since 2012 [151] ; Includes transgender people [152] Yes check.svg Bans all anti-gay discrimination [153]
Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2021 		Yes check.svg Transsexual persons can change their registral sex and name since 1974.
Transgender persons can change their registral sex and name, no surgeries or judicial order for adults above 18 years old since 2019. [154]
Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia Yes check.svg Legal since 1981
+ UN decl. sign. [6] 		Yes check.svg De facto marital union since 2007 [155] Yes check.svg Legal since 2016 [156] [157] Yes check.svg Stepchild adoption since 2014; [158] joint adoption since 2015 [159] Yes check.svg Since 1999 [6] Yes check.svg Bans all anti-gay discrimination [160] Yes check.svg Since 2015, transgender persons can change their legal gender and name manifesting their solemn will before a notary, no surgeries or judicial order required [161]
Flag of Ecuador.svg Ecuador Yes check.svg Legal since 1997
+ UN decl. sign. [6] 		Yes check.svg De facto unions since 2009 [162] [163] Yes check.svg Legal since 2019 [164] X mark.svg LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples [165] Emblem-question.svg [166] Yes check.svg Bans all anti-gay discrimination. [167]
Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2014 		Yes check.svg Since 2016, transgender persons are allowed to change their birth name and gender identity; no surgeries or judicial order required [168] [169]
Flag of the Falkland Islands.svg Falkland Islands
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)		 Yes check.svg Legal since 1989; equal age of consent since 2006
+ UN decl. sign. [6] 		Yes check.svg Civil partnerships since 2017 [170] Yes check.svg Legal since 2017 [170] Yes check.svg Legal since 2017 Yes check.svg UK responsible for defence Yes check.svg Bans all anti-gay discrimination [171] X mark.svg
Flag of France.svg French Guiana
(Overseas department of France)		 Yes check.svg Legal since 1791
+ UN decl. sign. [6] 		Yes check.svg Civil solidarity pact since 1999 [54] Yes check.svg Legal since 2013 [55] Yes check.svg Legal since 2013 [56] Yes check.svg France responsible for defence Yes check.svg Bans all anti-gay discrimination [57] Yes check.svg Under French law [58]
Flag of Guyana.svg Guyana X mark.svg Illegal
Penalty: Up to life imprisonment (Not enforced). [6] Legalization proposed [172] 		X mark.svg X mark.svg Emblem-question.svg [173] Yes check.svg [174] X mark.svg X mark.svg
Flag of Paraguay.svg Paraguay Yes check.svg Legal since 1880; Age of consent discrepancy
+ UN decl. sign. [6] 		X mark.svg Constitutional ban on de facto unions since 1992 [175] X mark.svg Constitutional ban since 1992 [176] X mark.svg Yes check.svg [177] Yes check.svg Bans some anti-gay discrimination.
Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2022 		X mark.svg
Flag of Peru.svg Peru Yes check.svg Legal since 1924; equal age of consent since 2012
+ UN decl. sign. [6] 		X mark.svg / Yes check.svg Limited recognition for same-sex partners of health-care workers since 2020. X mark.svg X mark.svg Yes check.svg Since 2009 [178] Yes check.svg Bans all anti-gay discrimination [179] [180] [181] [182] [183] Yes check.svg Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name without the need for the completion of medical intervention since 2016. Judicial order required. [184] [185]
Flag of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.svg South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)		 Yes check.svg Legal since 2001
+ UN decl. sign.		 Yes check.svg Legal since 2014 [186] Yes check.svg Legal since 2014 [186] Emblem-question.svg Yes check.svg UK responsible for defence Emblem-question.svg X mark.svg
Flag of Suriname.svg Suriname Yes check.svg Legal since 1869 (as Dutch Guiana);
Age of consent discrepancy		 X mark.svg X mark.svg X mark.svg Emblem-question.svg Yes check.svg Bans all anti-gay discrimination [187] Yes check.svg Transgender persons can change their legal gender since 2022. Court order required. [188] [189] [190]
Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay Yes check.svg Legal since 1934
+ UN decl. sign. [6] 		Yes check.svg Concubinage union since 2008 [191] Yes check.svg Legal since 2013 [192] Yes check.svg Legal since 2009 [193] Yes check.svg Since 2009 [194] Yes check.svg Bans all anti-gay discrimination. [195] Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2017 Yes check.svg Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name without surgeries or judicial order required since 2009. [196] Self-determination since 2018.
Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela Yes check.svg Legal since 1997
+ UN decl. sign. [6] 		X mark.svg Constitutional ban on de facto stable unions since 1999 X mark.svg Constitutional ban since 1999 X mark.svg Yes check.svg Since 2023 [197] Yes check.svg Bans some anti-gay discrimination [6] X mark.svg

Public opinion

Same-sex marriage

  Indicates the country/territory has legalized same-sex marriage nationwide
  Indicates that same-sex marriage is legal in certain parts of the country
  Indicates that the country has civil unions or registered partnerships
  Indicates that same-sex sexual activity is illegal
Opinion polls for same-sex marriage by country
CountryPollsterYearForAgainstNeutral [lower-alpha 1] Margin
of error		Source
Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg Antigua and Barbuda AmericasBarometer201712%-- [198]
Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina Ipsos202370%
16% [8% support some rights]
14% not sure±3.5% [199]
Flag of Aruba.svg Aruba 202146% [200]
Flag of the Bahamas.svg Bahamas AmericasBarometer201411%-- [201]
Flag of Belize.svg Belize AmericasBarometer20148%-- [201]
Flag of Bolivia.svg Bolivia AmericasBarometer201735%-- [198]
Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil Ipsos202351%
29% [15% support some rights]
20% not sure±3.5% [lower-alpha 2] [199]
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada Ipsos202369%
17% [7% support some rights]
15% not sure±3.5% [199]
Flag of Chile.svg Chile Ipsos202365%
24% [18% support some rights]
12%±3.5% [199]
Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia Ipsos202349%33% [21% support some rights]
18% [199]
Flag of Costa Rica.svg Costa Rica CIEP201835%64%1% [202]
Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba Gallup201963.1%36.9% [203]
Flag of Dominica.svg Dominica AmericasBarometer201710%-- [198]
Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg Dominican Republic CDN 37201845%55%- [204]
Flag of Ecuador.svg Ecuador AmericasBarometer201922.9%51.3%25.8% [205]
Flag of El Salvador.svg El Salvador Universidad Francisco Gavidia202182.5% [206]
Flag of Grenada.svg Grenada AmericasBarometer201712%-- [198]
Flag of Guatemala.svg Guatemala AmericasBarometer201723%-- [198]
Flag of Guyana.svg Guyana AmericasBarometer201721%-- [201]
Flag of Haiti.svg Haiti AmericasBarometer20175%-- [198]
Flag of Honduras.svg Honduras CID Gallup201817%75%8% [207]
Flag of Jamaica.svg Jamaica AmericasBarometer201716%-- [198]
Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico Ipsos202358%
28% [17% support some rights]
14% not sure±4.8% [lower-alpha 2] [199]
Flag of Nicaragua.svg Nicaragua AmericasBarometer201725%-- [198]
Flag of Panama.svg Panama AmericasBarometer201722%-- [198]
Flag of Paraguay.svg Paraguay AmericasBarometer201726%-- [198]
Flag of Peru.svg Peru Ipsos202341%40% [24% support some rights]
19%±3.5% [lower-alpha 2] [199]
Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg Saint Kitts and Nevis AmericasBarometer20179%-- [198]
Flag of Saint Lucia.svg Saint Lucia AmericasBarometer201711%-- [198]
Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg Saint Vincent and the Grenadines AmericasBarometer20174%-- [198]
Flag of Suriname.svg Suriname AmericasBarometer201418%-- [201]
Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg Trinidad and Tobago AmericasBarometer201416%-- [201]
Flag of the United States.svg United States Marquette202272%
28%
– [208]
Selzer202274%
(83%)		13%
(17%)		13% not sure [209] [210]
Quinnipiac202268%
(77%)		22%
(23%)		10% [211]
Ipsos202354%
31% [14% support some rights]
15% not sure±3.5% [199]
Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay Equipos Consultores201959%28%13% [212]
Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela Equilibrium Cende202355%
(63%)		32%
(37%)		13% [213]
Opinion polls for same-sex marriage by dependent territory and sub-national entities
CountryPollsterYearForAgainstNeutral [lower-alpha 1] Margin
of error		Source
Flag of Aguascalientes.svg Aguascalientes INEGI2017-35.9%- [214]
Flag of Baja California.svg Baja California INEGI2017-30.7%- [214]
Flag of Baja California Sur.svg Baja California Sur INEGI2017-42.1%- [214]
Flag of Bermuda.svg Bermuda OUTBermuda202053%35%11% [215]
Flag of Campeche.svg Campeche INEGI2017-56.1%- [214]
Flag of Chiapas.svg Chiapas INEGI2017-58.7%- [214]
Flag of Chihuahua.svg Chihuahua INEGI2017-36.4%- [214]
Flag of Coahuila.svg Coahuila INEGI2017-46.8%- [214]
Flag of Colima.svg Colima INEGI2017-39.2%- [214]
Flag of Durango.png Durango INEGI2017-38.8%- [214]
Flag of Guanajuato.svg Guanajuato INEGI2017-38.7%- [214]
Flag of Guerrero.svg Guerrero INEGI2017-54%- [214]
Flag of Hidalgo.svg Hidalgo INEGI2017-41.7%- [214]
Flag of Jalisco.svg Jalisco INEGI2017-34.2%- [214]
Flag of Mexico City.svg Mexico City INEGI2017-28.6%- [214]
Flag of Michoacan.svg Michoacán INEGI2017-46%- [214]
Flag of Morelos.svg Morelos INEGI2017-38.5%- [214]
Flag of Nayarit.svg Nayarit INEGI2017-38.8%- [214]
Flag of Nuevo Leon.svg Nuevo León INEGI2017-44.4%- [214]
Flag of Oaxaca.svg Oaxaca INEGI2017-52.2%- [214]
Flag of Puebla.svg Puebla INEGI2017-37.1%- [214]
Flag of Puerto Rico.svg Puerto Rico Pew Research Center201433%55%12% [216]
Flag of Queretaro.svg Querétaro INEGI2017-32.4%- [214]
Flag of Quintana Roo.svg Quintana Roo INEGI2017-37.9%- [214]
Flag of San Luis Potosi.svg San Luis Potosí INEGI2017-38.6%- [214]
Flag of Sinaloa.svg Sinaloa INEGI2017-37.7%- [214]
Flag of Sonora.svg Sonora INEGI2017-31.4%- [214]
Flag of the State of Mexico.svg State of Mexico INEGI2017-33.8%- [214]
Flag of Tabasco.svg Tabasco INEGI2017-56.5%- [214]
Flag of Tamaulipas.svg Tamaulipas INEGI2017-44.4%- [214]
Flag of Tlaxcala.svg Tlaxcala INEGI2017-43.9%- [214]
Flag of Veracruz.svg Veracruz INEGI2017-54.3%- [214]
Flag of the Republic of Yucatan.svg Yucatán INEGI2017-43%- [214]
Flag of Zacatecas.svg Zacatecas INEGI2017-37.4%- [214]

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 Also comprises: Don't know; No answer; Other; Refused.
  2. 1 2 3 [+ more urban/educated than representative]

Related Research Articles

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Rights affecting lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBTQ) people vary greatly by country or jurisdiction—encompassing everything from the legal recognition of same-sex marriage to the death penalty for homosexuality.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LGBT rights in Ecuador</span>

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights in Ecuador have evolved significantly in the past decades. Both male and female forms of same-sex sexual activity are legal in Ecuador and same-sex couples can enter into civil unions and same-sex marriages.

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Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in Venezuela face legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBTQ residents. Both male and female types of same-sex sexual activity are legal in Venezuela, but same-sex couples and households headed by same-sex couples are not eligible for the same legal protections available to opposite-sex married couples. Also, same-sex marriage and de facto unions are constitutionally banned since 1999.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LGBTQ rights in Chile</span>

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) rights in Chile have advanced significantly in the 21st century, and are now quite progressive.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LGBT rights in Spain</span>

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights in Spain rank among the highest in the world, having undergone significant advancements within recent decades. Among ancient Romans in Spain, sexual interaction between men was viewed as commonplace, but a law against homosexuality was promulgated by Christian emperors Constantius II and Constans, and Roman moral norms underwent significant changes leading up to the 4th century. Laws against sodomy were later established during the legislative period. They were first repealed from the Spanish Code in 1822, but changed again along with societal attitudes towards homosexuality during the Spanish Civil War and Francisco Franco's regime.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">LGBT rights in Argentina</span>

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights in Argentina rank among the highest in the world. Upon legalising same-sex marriage on 15 July 2010, Argentina became the first country in Latin America, the second in the Americas, and the tenth in the world to do so. Following Argentina's transition to a democracy in 1983, its laws have become more inclusive and accepting of LGBT people, as has public opinion.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LGBT rights in Uruguay</span>

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Bolivia has recognised same-sex civil unions since 20 March 2023 in accordance with a ruling from the Plurinational Constitutional Tribunal. The court ruled on 22 June 2022 that the Civil Registry Service (SERECI) is obliged to recognise civil unions for same-sex couples and urged the Legislative Assembly to pass legislation recognising same-sex unions. The court ruling went into effect upon publication on 20 March 2023. The ruling made Bolivia the seventh country in South America to recognise same-sex unions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LGBT rights in Paraguay</span>

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in Paraguay face legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Both male and female types of same-sex sexual activity are legal in Paraguay, but same-sex couples and households headed by same-sex couples are not eligible for all of the same legal protections available to opposite-sex married couples. Paraguay remains one of the few conservative countries in South America regarding LGBT rights.

References

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  4. ↑ de 2022, Por Alonso Gurmendi Dunkelberg15 de Junio. "Por qué la más reciente decisión en Perú contra el matrimonio igualitario es un despropósito legal". infobae (in European Spanish). Retrieved 9 July 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  5. ↑ "LGBTQIA-gemeenschap krijgt bittere pil te slikken" [LGBTQIA community has a bitter pill to swallow]. de Ware Tijd (in Dutch). 1 February 2023. Archived from the original on 3 February 2023. Retrieved 8 February 2023.
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  8. ↑ "The Christian Life - Christian Conduct". Free Methodist Church. Archived from the original on 13 May 2008. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
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  11. ↑ "We Are American Baptists". American Baptist Churches USA. Archived from the original on 2 September 2009. Retrieved 21 November 2009.
  12. ↑ "Southern Baptist Convention". Archived from the original on 3 October 2013. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
  13. ↑ "Statement on Homosexuality". Fellowship Alliance Church. Archived from the original on 25 August 2011. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
  14. ↑ "EPC". Archived from the original on 21 September 2010. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
  15. ↑ "Homosexuality" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 November 2011.
  16. ↑ "Homosexuality—How Can I Avoid It?". Awake!: 28–30. February 2007.
  17. ↑ "Interview With Elder Dallin H. Oaks and Elder Lance B. Wickman: "Same-Gender Attraction"". mormonnewsroom.org. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
  18. ↑ "Reconciling Ministries Network". Archived from the original on 26 April 2016. Retrieved 13 July 2016.
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "LGBT+ Pride 2023 Global Survey" (PDF). Retrieved 18 October 2023.
  20. ↑ "Estudio 456 Encuesta Plaza Pública Primera Semana de Octubre" (PDF). cadem.cl (in Spanish). Retrieved 3 November 2022.
  21. ↑ "Actitudes y creencias de la población uruguaya hacia la población Trans, hombres que tienen sexo con hombres, y personas que viven con VIH" (in Spanish). Retrieved 21 November 2021.
  22. ↑ Crónica Uno, Encuesta refleja que mayoría de venezolanos apoya igualdad de derechos para la población LGBTIQ, 2 March, 2023
  23. ↑ Simpson, Lisa (28 February 2018). "House: Three more months of same-sex marriage". The Royal Gazette. Archived from the original on 28 February 2018. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
  24. ↑ "2014: No. 308" (PDF). Supreme Court of Bermuda. 3 February 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 January 2016. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
  25. ↑ Johnson, Ayo (15 June 2013). "MPs approve historic Human Rights Act changes". The Royal Gazette . Retrieved 15 June 2013.
  26. ↑ "Criminal Code (R.S., 1985, c. C-46), Section 159, Subsection (1)". Department of Justice Canada \access-date=May 15, 2024. Archived from the original on 8 June 2011.
  27. ↑ Anonymous (27 November 2017). "Law Reform (2000) Act".
  28. ↑ "An Act instituting civil unions and establishing new rules of filiation" (PDF). National Assembly. 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 March 2009. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
  29. ↑ "Alberta: Adult Interdependent Relationships". Legal Resource Center of Alberta. 2006. Retrieved 28 July 2007.
  30. ↑ Justice, Manitoba. "Manitoba Laws". web2.gov.mb.ca.
  31. ↑ "LOI CONCERNANT CERTAINES CONDITIONS DE FOND DU MARIAGE CIVIL" (PDF).
  32. ↑ Status differs in provinces and territories:
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