This is a chronological list of revolts organized by peasants.
The history of peasant wars spans over two thousand years. A variety of factors fueled the emergence of the peasant revolt phenomenon, including: [2]
Later peasant revolts such as the Telangana Rebellion were also influenced by agrarian socialist ideologies such as Maoism. [3]
The majority of peasant rebellions ended prematurely and were unsuccessful. Peasants suffered from limited funding and lacked the training and organisational capabilities of professional armies. [4]
The list gives the name, the date, the peasant allies and enemies, and the result of these conflicts following this legend:
Date | Conflict | State | Peasants | Result | Image | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
209–206 BC | Anti-Qin revolts (including Dazexiang Uprising) | Qin dynasty | Peasants under several rebel leaders, including Chen Sheng, Wu Guang, Xiang Yu, and Liu Bang | Qin dissolution | [5] | |
205–186 BC | Great revolt of the Egyptians | ![]() | Native Egyptian peasants and soldiers under secessionist Pharaohs Hugronaphor and Ankhmakis | Suppression of the rebellion | [6] | |
17–25 | Lülin | Xin dynasty | Lülin rebels | Collapse of Xin dynasty; ascendancy of rebel leader Liu Xiu after infighting among Lülin forces | ||
17–27 | Red Eyebrows | Xin dynasty | Red Eyebrows rebels | Goal of the rebellion partially achieved, but eventual defeat of the movement by Liu Xiu | ||
172–173 | Bucolic War | ![]() | Egyptian peasants under Isidorus | Suppression of the rebellion | [7] | |
184–205 | Yellow Turban Rebellion | Han dynasty | Yellow Turban rebels | Suppression of the rebellion, though Han dynasty is severely weakened | ![]() | [8] |
185–205 | Heishan bandit movement | Han dynasty | Bandit confederacy of the Taihang Mountains Gongsun Zan's forces | Suppression of the rebellion, though Han dynasty is severely weakened | ||
3rd–5th century | Bagaudae | ![]() | Bagaudae Suebi | Gain control of some territory; end with the general collapse of the Roman Empire | ||
4th–late 5th century | Circumcellions | ![]() | Berber and Roman peasants Donatist authorities Rebellious Roman military under Gildo (in 398) | End of Roman Catholic rule in Africa, but suppression of the rebellion by Vandals and Arian authorities | [9] | |
611–619 | Anti-Sui rebellions | Sui dynasty | Peasants under several rebel leaders Defected military forces under several rebel generals, officials and nobles | Collapse of Sui dynasty; ascendancy of rebel leader Li Yuan after infighting among rebel forces | ||
841–843 | Stellinga Uprising | Saxon nobility Frankish military under Louis the German | Stellinga | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
859–860 | Rebellion of Ch'iu Fu | Tang dynasty | Chinese peasants and bandits under Ch'iu Fu | Suppression of the rebellion, though Tang dynasty is severely weakened | [10] | |
874–878 | Rebellion of Wang Xianzhi | Tang dynasty | Chinese peasants and bandits under Wang Xianzhi and Shang Junzhang | Suppression of the rebellion, though Tang dynasty is severely weakened | [11] | |
875–884 | Rebellion of Huang Chao | Tang dynasty | Chinese peasants and bandits under Huang Chao | Suppression of the rebellion, though Tang dynasty is severely weakened | [12] | |
928–932 | Basil the Copper Hand Rebellions | ![]() | Peasants under Basil the Copper Hand | Suppression of the rebellion | [13] | |
993–995 | Da Shu rebellion in Sichuan | Song dynasty | Peasants under Wang Xiaobo and Li Shun | Suppression of the rebellion | [14] | |
996 | Peasants' revolt in Normandy | Normandy under Rodulf of Ivry and Richard II, Duke of Normandy | Norman peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [15] | |
1277–1280 | Uprising of Ivaylo | ![]() ![]() ![]() | ![]() | Murder of Ivaylo | [16] | |
1323–1328 | Peasant revolt in Flanders | ![]() | Flemish peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() | |
1343–1345 | St. George's Night Uprising | ![]() ![]() | Estonian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() | [17] |
1351–1368 | Red Turban Rebellion | Yuan dynasty Goryeo | Red Turban Armies of White Lotus members, Manichaeans and Chinese peasants | Fall of Yuan dynasty and retreat of the Mongols into Mongolia as the Northern Yuan dynasty; ascendancy of rebel leader Zhu Yuanzhang after infighting among rebel forces | ||
1358 | Jacquerie | ![]() | French peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() | |
1381 | Peasants' Revolt | ![]() | English peasants | Suppression of the rebellion, though Plantagenet dynasty is weakened | ![]() | |
1382 | Harelle | ![]() | French peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() | [18] |
1428 | Shocho uprising | ![]() | Japanese peasants | Peasant debts cancelled. | ||
1437 | Transylvanian peasant revolt | ![]() | Transylvanian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1438 | Hallvard Graatops Revolt | ![]() | Norwegian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | | |
1441 | Kakitsu uprising | ![]() | Do-ikki (leagues) of peasants and jizamurai | Peasant debts cancelled, Ashikaga shogunate is severely weakened. | ![]() | [19] |
1441 | Funen and Jutland Peasant rebellions | ![]() | Danish peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() | |
1450 | Jack Cade's rebellion | ![]() | English peasants | Suppression of the rebellion, though Lancaster dynasty is weakened and eventually overthrown during the Wars of the Roses. | ![]() | [20] |
1450–1451 | John and William Merfold's Uprising | ![]() | English peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() | [21] |
1453–1454 | Morea revolt of 1453–54 | ![]() ![]() | Greek peasants under Manuel Kantakouzenos Albanians under Peter Bua ![]() | Suppression of the rebellion | [22] | |
1462–1472, 1485–1486 | War of the Remences | ![]() ![]() | Catalan peasants ![]() | Goal of the rebellion largely achieved, Sentència de Guadalupe signed | ![]() | [23] |
1467–1469 | Galician Irmandiños Revolt | Kingdom of Galicia (Crown of Castile) | Galician peasants, led by Galician burgeoisie and part of the local lower nobility | Suppression of the rebellion by feudal armies | [24] | |
May 1476 | Niklashausen Peasant Revolt | ![]() | German peasants led by Hans Böhm, who had a vision of the Virgin Mary, against the nobility and clergy of the Holy Roman Empire. | Böhm executed and pilgrimages to Niklashausen ceased | | [25] |
1478 | Carinthian Peasant Revolt | ![]() | Carinthian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | | [26] |
1482–1511 | Yamashiro ikki uprisings | ![]() Various samurai clans | Yamashiro ikki and later, lesser ikki Various samurai clans | Most ikki submit to the shogunate in 1493, though they achieved many of their aims and continued to retain autonomy until the gradual end of the movement | [27] | |
1487–1488 | Kaga Rebellion | Togashi clan | Ikkō-ikki Motoori clanYamagawa clan | Decisive victory for the Ikkō-ikki. | ![]() | [28] |
1488–1582 | Ikkō-ikki Uprisings | Several major samurai clans (including Oda clan and Tokugawa clan) Nichiren sect Tendai sōhei Jōdo-shū sōhei | Ikkō-shū peasant and ji-samurai leagues Jōdo Shinshū sōhei ![]() ![]() ![]() | Destruction of most militant Ikkō-shū leagues; Jōdo Shinshū sect and remaining Ikkō-ikki submit to Toyotomi Hideyoshi | | [29] |
1490-1492 | Mukha rebellion | ![]() | Orthodox ruthenian peasants Orthodox moldavian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1493–1517 | Bundschuh movement | ![]() | German Peasants | All rebellions suppressed | ![]() | |
1498–1878 | Opryshky movement | ![]() ![]() | Ruthenian (Ukrainian) peasants Hutsul peasants | Suppression of the movement | ![]() | |
1511 | Friulian Revolt | ![]() | Friulian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() | |
1514 | Poor Conrad Rebellion | ![]() | Württemberg peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() | [30] |
1514 | György Dózsa Rebellion | ![]() | Hungarian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() | [31] |
1515 | Slovene Peasant Revolt of 1515 | ![]() | Slovene peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() | [32] |
1515–1523 | Frisian peasant rebellion | ![]() | ![]() ![]() | Suppression of the rebellion | | |
1516–1521 | Trần Cảo Rebellion | Lê dynasty | Vietnamese peasants under Trần Cảo and Trần Cung | Suppression of the rebellion, though Lê dynasty is severely weakened | [33] | |
1519–1659 | Celali rebellions | ![]() | Turkmen peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [34] | |
1524–1525 | German Peasants' War | ![]() | German peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() | |
1524–1533 | Dalecarlian Rebellions | ![]() | Dalarna peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() | |
1525 | Palatine Peasants' War | ![]() | Palatine peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() | |
1534 | Skipper Clement's Rebellion | ![]() ![]() | Danish Peasants under Skipper Clement ![]() | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() | |
1540 | Peasant's Rebellion in Telemark | ![]() | Norwegian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | | |
1542–1543 | Dacke War | ![]() | Småland peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [35] | |
1549 | Kett's Rebellion | ![]() | English peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() | |
1573 | Croatian–Slovene Peasant Revolt | ![]() | Slovene peasants Croatian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() | [36] |
1594–1637 | Croquant rebellions | ![]() | French peasants | Suppression of all rebellions | ||
1596–1597 | Cudgel War | ![]() | Finnish peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | | [37] |
1606–1607 | Bolotnikov Rebellion | ![]() | Russian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() | |
1626–1636 | Peasants' War in Upper Austria | ![]() | Austrian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() | [38] |
1630–1633 | Peasant Uprising in Podhale | ![]() | Polish peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [39] | |
1630–1645 | Rebellion of Li Zicheng | Ming dynasty (1630–1644) ![]() | Peasants under Li Zicheng, Gao Guiying and other generals of the Shun dynasty | Collapse of Ming dynasty, but suppression of the rebellion by Qing dynasty | ||
1630–1647 | Rebellion of Zhang Xianzhong | Ming dynasty (1630–1644) ![]() | Peasants and bandits under Zhang Xianzhong | Collapse of Ming dynasty, but suppression of the rebellion by Qing dynasty | [40] | |
1635 | Second Slovene peasants' revolt | ![]() | Peasants under a scattered leadership of various leaders | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1637–1638 | Shimabara Rebellion | ![]() ![]() | Christian peasants and rōnin | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() | [41] |
1639 | Revolt of the va-nu-pieds | ![]() | Normandy peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1640 | Corpus de Sang | ![]() | Catalan harvesters | Revolt successful. Start of the Reapers' War; eventual defeat of Catalonia | ![]() | |
1651 | Kostka-Napierski Uprising | ![]() | Polish peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() | [42] |
1652 | Guo Huaiyi Rebellion | Dutch East India Company Aboriginal Taiwanese | Chinese peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1653 | Swiss peasant war of 1653 | ![]() | Swiss peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() | [43] |
1664-1665 | Varenytsia Uprising | ![]() | Ukrainian peasants Kalnyk Cossack regiment under Vasyl Varenytsia and Ivan Sulymka Zaporozhian Cossacks under Ivan Sirko | Suppression of the rebellion | [44] | |
1667–1671 | Stepan Razin Rebellion | ![]() | Russian peasants Don Cossacks | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() | [45] |
1669–1670 | Peasant Rebellion in Podhale | ![]() | Polish peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() | [46] |
1704 | Kuridža's Rebellion | ![]() | Orthodox peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1705–1706 | Bavarian People's Uprising | ![]() | Bavarian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() | |
1707–1708 | Bulavin Rebellion | ![]() | Russian peasants Don Cossacks | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1713 | Slovene peasant revolt in Tolmin | ![]() | Peasants under a scattered leadership of various leaders, including Ivan Miklavčič | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1730–1769 | Peasant revolts for the restoration of the Lê dynasty and land reforms | Trịnh lords Nguyễn lords | Vietnamese peasants Lê dynasty | Suppression of the rebellions and eventual collapse of Lê dynasty, but start of Tây Sơn Revolt | ||
1743 | Dalecarlian rebellion | ![]() | Swedish peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1765 | Strilekrigen | ![]() | Norwegian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | | |
1767-1770 | Klishchyn Uprising | ![]() | Ukrainian peasants Zhovnynsk Cossacks | Suppression of the rebellion | [47] | |
1768–1769 | Koliivshchyna | ![]() ![]() | Haidamaka movement Orthodox ruthenian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | | |
1769–1788 | Tây Sơn Revolt | Nguyễn lords (until 1776) Nguyễn Ánh's forces (since 1776) Trịnh lords (until 1786) ![]() Lê dynasty (1786–1788) ![]() | Tây Sơn dynasty | Goal of the rebellion achieved; reunification of Vietnam and introduction of land reforms under Tây Sơn dynasty | ![]() | |
1773–1775 | Pugachev's Rebellion | ![]() | Russian peasants Ural Cossacks Bashkirs | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() | [48] |
1780–1783 | Rebellion of Túpac Amaru II | ![]() | Quechua and Aymara peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [49] | |
1784 | Revolt of Horea, Cloșca and Crișan | ![]() | Romanian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() | [50] |
1786–1787 | Lofthusreisingen | ![]() | Norwegian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | | |
1786–1787 | Shays' Rebellion | ![]() | American farmers | Suppression of the rebellion, constitutional reform | ![]() | |
1789-1793 | Turbaii Uprising | ![]() | ![]() Ukrainian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion, self government abolished | [51] | |
1790 | Saxon Peasants' Revolt | ![]() | Saxon peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() | [52] |
1791–1794 | Whisky Rebellion | ![]() | American farmers | Suppression of the rebellion, whiskey tax is repealed shortly after | ||
1793–1796 | War in the Vendée | ![]() | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() | |
1793–1804 | Chouannerie | ![]() | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() | |
1794 | Kościuszko Uprising | ![]() ![]() | | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() | [53] |
1794–1804 | White Lotus Rebellion | ![]() | White Lotus rebels | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1798 | Peasants' War | ![]() | ![]() | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() | [54] |
1800–1802 | Lærdal Rebellion | ![]() | Norwegian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [55] | |
1803 | Cherkasy Uprising of 1803 | ![]() | Ukrainian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [56] | |
1807–1820 | Jean-Baptiste Perrier's rebellion | ![]() | Haitian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1809 | Tyrolean Rebellion | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() | ![]() ![]() | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() | |
1809 | Gottscheer Rebellion | ![]() | ![]() | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1811 | Klågerup riots | ![]() | Swedish peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() | |
1813-1835 | Karmaliuk uprisings | ![]() | Ukrainian peasants Polish peasants Jewish peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | | [57] |
1819 | Chuguev uprising | ![]() | military settlers of the Chuguev Regiment Ukrainian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [58] | |
1826–1854 | Peasant uprisings during the reign of Nicholas I of Russia | ![]() | Russian peasants | About 556 small-scale rural uprisings took place during Nicholas' reign. All were suppressed, but contributed to the Russian Emperor's reluctance to end the serfdom in Russia. | [59] | |
1826 | Ohramievchi uprising | ![]() | Ukrainian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [60] | |
1832–1835 | Cabanada | ![]() | Restorationist peasants | Rebellion subdued after the premature death of former Emperor Pedro I | ||
1834–1835 | Syrian Peasant Revolt (1834–35) | ![]() | Arab peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | | [61] |
1835–1840 | Cabanagem | ![]() | ![]() | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() | |
1838–1841 | Balaiada | ![]() | Peasants and African slaves | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1839–1845 | Anti-Rent War | ![]() ![]() | Upstate tenant farmers | initially suppressed by the state militia, rebel anti-rent leaders arrested though they were either pardoned or not sentenced, anti-renters continued to rebel decades after the trials, the Antirenter party was formed and tenant rights were granted. | ![]() | |
1844 | Piquet uprising | ![]() | Piquets (Haitian peasants) under Acaau | Piquet movement leaders integrated into government, but goals not achieved | [62] | |
1846 | Acaau's second rebellion | ![]() | Haitian peasants under Acaau | Suppression of the rebellion | [63] | |
1846 | Galician Peasant Uprising of 1846 | ![]() | Galician peasants | De facto suppression of the rebellion, although it was both sparked and extinguished by the Austrian authorities and eventually led to abolition of serfdom in Galicia and Lodomeria two years later. | | [64] |
1847-1915 | Caste War of Yucatán | ![]() ![]() ![]() | Maya peasants of the Yucatán Peninsula | Temporary establishment of Chan Santa Cruz state; eventually suppression of the rebellion | | [65] |
1850–1864 | Taiping Rebellion | ![]() | Taiping Heavenly Kingdom | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() | |
1855 | Kiev Cossacks insurrection | ![]() | Kyiv "Cossacks" Ukrainian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [66] | |
1856 | "To Tavria for freedom" movement | ![]() | Ukrainian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [66] | |
1851–1868 | Nian Rebellion | ![]() | Nian militias | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1858 | Mahtra War | ![]() | Estonian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [67] | |
1861 | Bezdna unrest | ![]() | Russian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [68] | |
1862 | Great Peasant Uprising of 1862 | ![]() | Korean peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1869 | Tambun Rebellion | ![]() | Farmer of Tambun | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() | [69] |
1884 | Chichibu Incident | ![]() | Japanese peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() | |
1886 | Peasant rebellion in Ciomas | ![]() | Farmer of Ciomas | Suppression of the rebellion | [70] | |
1888 | Peasant Revolt in Banten | ![]() | Bantenese peasants and ulamas | Suppression of the rebellion | [71] | |
1892 | Jerez uprising | ![]() | Regional fieldworkers | Suppression of the rebellion | [72] | |
1894–1895 | Donghak Peasant Revolution | ![]() ![]() | Korean peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1896–1897 | War of Canudos | ![]() | Canudos inhabitants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() | |
1899–1900 | Peasant unrest in Bulgaria | ![]() | Bulgarian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1905-1906 | Sorochyntsi revolt | ![]() | Ukrainian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [73] | |
1905–1908 | Maji Maji Rebellion | ![]() | Matumbi people, Ngoni people, and other Tanganyikans | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() | [74] |
1907 | 1907 Romanian Peasants' Revolt | ![]() | Romanian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1910 | Kileler uprising | ![]() | Farmers of Thessaly | Initial suppression of the rebellion, followed by the arrested declared innocent and some minor measures in favor of the peasants being taken the next year; Actual requests of the peasants began being fulfilled in 1923. | [75] | |
1911 | Peasant rebellion in eastern Henan | ![]() | Yellow Way Society | Suppression of the rebellion | [76] [77] | |
1912-1916 | Contestado War | ![]() | ![]() | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() | |
1913 | Peasant revolt in Northern Shaanxi | ![]() | Chinese poppy farmers and bandits under a sect leader | Spread of the revolt; poppy plant eradication campaign stopped | [78] | |
1914 | Peasant Revolt in Albania | ![]() | Muslim peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() | |
1916 | Urkun | ![]() | Kyrgyz and Kazakh peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [79] | |
1917–1921 | Makhnovshchina | ![]() ![]() | ![]() | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1918 | Livny Uprising | ![]() | Russian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1918 | Arsk Uprising | ![]() | Tatar peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1918 | Sheksna uprising | ![]() | Russian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1918 | Anti-Hetman uprising | ![]() | Ukrainian peasants Ukrainian directorate supporters | Abdication of Hetman Skoropadskyj Restoration of the Ukrainian People's Republic Preliminary peace agreement between Ukraine and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic | [80] | |
1919 | Chapan rebellion | ![]() | Russian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1919 | Khotyn uprising | ![]() | Ukrainian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1919–1922 | Rebellion of "Chu the Ninth" (Ming pretender) | ![]() | Yellow Way Society | Suppression of the rebellion | [81] | |
1920 | Pitchfork uprising | ![]() | "Black Eagle" peasant rebels | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1920 | Croatian Peasant Rebellion | ![]() | Croatian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1920–1922 | Tambov Rebellion | ![]() | Russian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1920–1926 | Spirit Soldier rebellions of eastern Sichuan and western Hubei | ![]() | Spirit Soldier rebels, allied warlord forces | Stalemate: Large Spirit Soldier armies are destroyed, but movement persists | [82] [83] [84] | |
1921 | Peasant Rebellion of Sorokino | ![]() | Russian peasants and White Army veterans | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1921 | Malabar rebellion | ![]() | Indian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() | [85] |
1924 | Rebellion of "Wang the Sixth" (Ming pretender) | ![]() | Wang's followers | Suppression of the rebellion | [81] | |
1924 | Tatarbunary uprising | ![]() | Ukrainian peasants Ukrainian bolsheviks | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1925 | Rebellion of Chu Hung-teng (Ming pretender) | ![]() | Heavenly Gate Society | Suppression of the rebellion | [86] | |
1927 | Autumn Harvest Uprising | ![]() | ![]() | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1928–1929 | Red Spears' uprising in Shandong | ![]() | Red Spear Society | Suppression of the rebellion | [87] | |
1928-1940 | Revolts against soviet collectivisation | ![]() | Soviet peasants | Suppression of the revolts | ||
1932 | Salvadoran peasant massacre | ![]() | Salvadoran peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() | |
1932 | Lesko uprising | ![]() | Polish peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [88] | |
1932 | Peasant uprising against poppy-tax collection in Su County | ![]() ![]() | Chinese poppy farmers and gentry under Wang Xiaobai and Ma Fengshan | Suppression of the rebellion | [89] | |
1932 | Peasant uprising against poppy-tax collection in Lingbi County | ![]() | Chinese poppy farmers under Tian Xuemin | Goal of the rebellion achieved | [90] | |
1936 | Miyun District rebellion | ![]() ![]() | Yellow Sand Society | Suppression of the rebellion | [91] [92] | |
1943 | Peasant revolt in Unra | ![]() | Farmers of Unra | Suppression of the rebellion | [93] | |
1944 | Peasant revolt in Beichuan County | ![]() | Chinese poppy farmers of Xiaoyuan and Houyuan | Goal of the rebellion achieved | [94] | |
1944 | Peasant uprising in Indramayu | ![]() | Indramayu Peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [95] | |
1946–1951 | Tebhaga movement | Bengal landlords | Bengal peasants (All India Kisan Sabha) ![]() | Goal of the rebellion partially achieved | [96] | |
1946–1951 | Telangana Rebellion | ![]() ![]() | Hyderabad peasants (Andhra Mahasabha) ![]() | Goal of the rebellion achieved | | [97] |
1947–1954 | Hukbalahap Rebellion | ![]() | Filipino peasants (Hukbalahap) | Suppression of the rebellion | [98] | |
1949 | Nankar Rebellion | ![]() Various Bengali Zamindars | Communist Party and Peasants Association | Goal of the rebellion achieved | [99] | |
1950 | Cazin rebellion | ![]() | Yugoslavian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [100] | |
1952–1960 | Mau Mau Uprising | ![]() | Kikuyu farmhanders | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() | |
1958 | Rebellion at Fuzhou, Jiangxi | ![]() | Dacheng sects | Suppression of the rebellion | [101] | |
1958 | Rebellion at Yongjing | ![]() | Rural rebels | Suppression of the rebellion | [102] | |
1959–1965 | Escambray Rebellion | ![]() | Cuban peasants ![]() ![]() ![]() | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1959 | Peasant rebellion at Sizhuang, Henan | ![]() | "Regiment of Spirit Soldiers" | Suppression of the rebellion | [102] | |
1960 | Rebellion at Yongnian County | ![]() | New Star Society | Suppression of the rebellion | [103] | |
1968–1969 | Agbekoya | ![]() | Yoruba peasants | Goal of the rebellion achieved | ||
1969 | Rebellion at Changchun | ![]() | Nine Palaces Way | Suppression of the rebellion | [104] | |
1969 | Rebellion at Shuangyang County | ![]() | Mount Wutai sect | Suppression of the rebellion | [104] | |
1970s | 1970s peasant revolts in Thailand | ![]() | Thai peasants | Peasant leaders assassinated | ![]() | |
1975–1991 | Uprisings in Tigray and Eritrea; part of the Ethiopian Civil War | ![]() | Tigrayan and Eritrean peasants | Derg overthrown; Eritrean independence | [105] | |
1994 | Zapatista uprising | ![]() | Mexican indigenous peasants | Ceasefire | ![]() |
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The Peasants' War was a peasant revolt in 1798 against the French occupiers of the Southern Netherlands, a region which now includes Belgium, Luxembourg, and parts of Germany. The French had annexed the region in 1795 and control of the region was officially ceded to the French after the Treaty of Campo Formio in 1797. The revolt is considered part of the French Revolutionary Wars.
The Rebellion of Túpac Amaru II was an uprising by cacique-led Aymara, Quechua, and mestizo rebels aimed at overthrowing Spanish colonial rule in Peru. The causes of the rebellion included opposition to the Bourbon Reforms, an economic downturn in colonial Peru, and a grassroots revival of Inca cultural identity led by Túpac Amaru II, an indigenous cacique and the leader of the rebellion. While Amaru II was captured and executed by the Spanish in 1781, the rebellion continued for at least another year under other rebel leaders. Amaru II's rebellion was simultaneous with the uprising of Túpac Katari in colonial-era Upper Peru.
The Guo Huaiyi rebellion was a peasant revolt by Chinese farmers against Dutch rule in Taiwan in 1652. Sparked by dissatisfaction with heavy Dutch taxation on them but not the aborigines and extortion by low-ranking Dutch officials and servicemen, the rebellion initially gained ground before being crushed by a coalition of Dutch soldiers and their aboriginal allies. It is considered the most important uprising against the Dutch during the 37-year period of their colonisation of Taiwan.
The Galician Peasant Uprising of 1846, also known as the Galician Rabacja, Galician Slaughter, or the Szela uprising, was a two-month uprising of impoverished Austrian Galician[a] peasants that led to the suppression of the szlachta uprising and the massacre of szlachta in Galicia, in the Austrian Partition zone, in early 1846. The uprising, which lasted from February to March, primarily affected the lands around the town of Tarnów.
Tiberius was Byzantine co-emperor from 659 to 681. He was the son of Constans II and Fausta, who was elevated in 659, before his father departed for Italy. After the death of Constans, Tiberius' brother Constantine IV, ascended the throne as senior emperor. Constantine attempted to have both Tiberius and Heraclius removed as co-emperors, which sparked a popular revolt, in 681. Constantine ended the revolt by promising to accede to the demands of the rebels, sending them home, but bringing their leaders into Constantinople. Once there, Constantine had them executed, then imprisoned Tiberius and Heraclius and had them mutilated, after which point they disappear from history.
The Miao Rebellion of 1795–1806 was an anti-Qing uprising in Hunan and Guizhou provinces, during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor and Jiaqing Emperor. It was catalyzed by tensions between local populations and Han Chinese immigrants. Bloodily suppressed, it served as the antecedent to the much larger uprising of Miao Rebellion (1854–73).
A communist revolution is a proletarian revolution inspired by the ideas of Marxism that aims to replace capitalism with communism. Depending on the type of government, the term socialism can be used to indicate an intermediate stage between capitalism and communism and may be the goal of the revolution, especially in Marxist–Leninist views. The idea that a proletarian revolution is needed is a cornerstone of Marxism; Marxists believe that the workers of the world must unite and free themselves from capitalist oppression to create a world run by and for the working class. Thus, in the Marxist view, proletarian revolutions need to happen in countries all over the world.
The Baise Uprising was a short-lived uprising organized by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in northwestern Guangxi around the city of Baise. It officially began on December 11, 1929, and lasted until late 1931. The uprising established the Seventh Red Army and a soviet over a number of counties in the You River valley. It drew support from a pre-existing movement of Zhuang peasants led by Wei Baqun, and focused on land redistribution in the area it controlled. After a brief but costly attempt to capture Guangxi's major cities, the soviet was suppressed and surviving soldiers made their way to Jiangxi. Today, it is most famous for the role played by Deng Xiaoping, who was the CCP Central Committee's leading representative in Guangxi during the Uprising. Deng was strongly criticized, both during the Cultural Revolution and by modern historians, for the uprising's swift defeat and his decision to abandon the retreating Seventh Red Army.
The Warlord Rebellion in northeastern Shandong was an uprising of several allied Chinese warlord armies under the leadership of Zhang Zongchang in 1929. The rebels wanted to regain their former territories in Shandong from Liu Zhennian, the man who had defected from Zhang to the Nationalist government in Nanjing during the Northern Expedition. After some initial successes, the rebels were defeated due to the indiscipline of their forces. In the end, the uprising failed to topple Liu Zhennian's rule over eastern Shandong, but resulted in high civilian casualties and widespread destruction at the hands of both sides in the conflict.
The Red Spear Society staged a major uprising in 1928–1929 against the rule of Liu Zhennian, the Nationalist government-aligned warlord ruler of eastern Shandong province in Republican China. Motivated by their resistance against high taxes, rampant banditry and the brutality of Liu's private army, the Red Spear peasant insurgents captured large areas on the Shandong Peninsula and were able to set up a proto-state in Dengzhou county. Despite this, the whole insurgency was eventually crushed by Liu in late 1929.
Red Spears' uprising in Shandong may refer to several rebellions by the Red Spear Society throughout the history of the Republic of China (1912–1949). Some of the most notable ones were:
The Spirit Soldier rebellions of 1920–1926 were a series of major peasant uprisings against state authorities and warlords in the Republic of China's provinces of Hubei and Sichuan during the Warlord Era. Following years of brutal suppression, civil war, and excessive taxation, the rural population of central China was restive, and susceptible to militant salvationist movements. One spiritual group, the so-called Spirit Soldiers, promised the peasants that they could gain protection from modern weaponry through protective magic. Tens of thousands consequently rallied to join the Spirit Soldiers, and successfully revolted in the mountainous and isolated areas of Hubei and Sichuan. At its height, the Spirit Soldier movement numbered over 100,000 fighters, and controlled about forty counties.
The Spirit Soldier rebellion of 1959 was an anti-Communist peasant uprising at Sizhuang County, Henan. One of several rebellions which occurred in Henan due to the catastrophic Great Leap Forward implemented by the Chinese government, it lasted for twenty days in February 1959 and was one of the largest rural rebellions in China during the 1950s.
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