List of spits of Ukraine

Satellite image of the Azov Sea with major spits labeled. Spits of Ukraine, in order, 1. Arabat, 2. Byriuchyi/Fedotova  [ uk ], 3. Obytichna  [ uk ], 4. Berdiansk  [ uk ], 5. Bilosaraiska  [ uk ], and 6. Kryva  [ uk ]. The Komysh-Burunska Spit  [ uk ], although present in the image (near Russia's Chushka Spit numbered 13), is too small to see and is not marked itself. Ukraine's other spits are not shown.

Spits (Ukrainian : Коси, romanized: Kosy), ^[b] also called sandspits, are long, narrow coastal landforms that resemble sandbars or embankments and protrude into a body of water from a headland. Spits are formed by the process of longshore drift, in which waves impact the headland at a sharp angle, depositing sediment and causing the water's currents to transport the sediment down the beach, allowing it to accumulate in the area of the spit. Through the process of wave shoaling, this accumulated sediment becomes increasingly curved, resembling the appearance of a fish hook as the waves refract around the spit's end. ^{[7] [8] [9]} Often lagoons and salt marshes will form behind spits. ^{[10] [11]}

Numerous spits are located across the territory of Ukraine, including on the Sea of Azov and Black Sea's coasts as well as on the shores of major rivers. Due to natural and artificial changes, a number of islands in the country have become geographic spits as the straits separating them from the mainland have been filled, such as following the start of the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine when Russian troops connected the then-largest island in Ukraine, Dzharylhach, to the mainland. ^{[c] [13]} There are also some geographic features that alternate in their classification as an island or as a spit based on variable weather and sea conditions, most notably Byriuchyi Island, which typically becomes an island in the autumn months when its narrow isthmus connection to the mainland is flooded by higher tides. ^[3] In addition, there are several landforms commonly referred to as spits which are geographically islands, such as Tendra Spit in western Kherson Oblast, which is separated from the mainland by a strait. ^{[15] [16]}

Historically, in classical antiquity, Tendra Spit and Dzharylhach both connected to the mainland coast to form a single, continuous spit called the Course of Achilles. ^{[d] [17]} Based on the combined current land areas of Tendra Spit and Dzharylhach as well as historical records, the Course of Achilles would have had a total area of between approximately 68.89 km² (26.60 sq mi) and 315.4 km² (121.8 sq mi), ^[e] making it one of the largest spits in Ukraine at that time. ^[17] Another former smaller spit was Seribna Spit  [ uk ], which was historically located at the confluence of the Samara and Dnipro rivers; ^[f] it became almost entirely submerged by the Dnipro Reservoir after the Dnipro dam's construction. ^[19] The largest spit in Ukraine currently and the longest spit in the world is the Arabat Spit, which separates the western parts of the Sea of Azov from the Syvash, a large area of salty, shallow lagoons in Crimea. ^{[20] [21] [22]} Since the Russian occupation of much of Ukraine's coastlines, many spits and other landforms under Russian control have experienced significant damage or artificial alterations. ^{[13] [23]}

Political status

Following the Russian occupation and annexation of Crimea in 2014, the Autonomous Republic of Crimea-portion of the Arabat Spit, as well as additional smaller spits located on the Crimean peninsula, came under the control of Russian forces, who de facto administered the territory as part of the unrecognized Russian Republic of Crimea. ^{[24] [25]} Parts of the small, northern segment of the spit administratively located in Kherson Oblast, including the village of Strilkove, were also briefly occupied by unmarked Russian soldiers beginning from 15 March before their withdrawal on 9 December 2014. ^{[26] [27]} After the Donbas war, the Kryva Spit located in Donetsk Oblast was also occupied in 2014, with pro-Russian militants taking the spit's area and neighboring settlement of Siedove. ^{[28] [29]}

From the withdrawal of the Russian troops in December until the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, the northern parts of the Arabat Spit were amongst the few areas geographically part of the Crimean peninsula that stayed under the control of Ukrainian authorities, ^{[4] [ full citation needed ]} while the Kryva Spit remained under the control of separatist forces as part of the Russian-backed Donetsk People's Republic. ^[24] After the start of the full-scale invasion, the remaining northern segment of the Arabat Spit as well as the rest of Ukraine's Azov Sea coastline (including the five spits still under the control of Ukrainian authorities before 2022), were occupied by Russian forces. ^{[24] [30] [4]} In addition, following their offensive into and occupation of Kherson Oblast, Russian troops also occupied the Kinburn and Bili Kuchuhury spits. ^{[31] [32] [33] [4]} The occupied spits were all integrated into Russia following its unilateral annexation of separatist-controlled and other Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine on 30 September 2022. ^[34] Many of Ukraine's spits, including all of its Azov Sea spits, have remained under Russian de facto control since 2022 while the United Nations and most of the international community continue to recognize the territories as de jure part of Ukraine. ^{[4] [35] [36] [37]}

List

• Spits of Ukraine
• 
  Arabat Spit, the largest spit in Ukraine and one of the largest spits in the world
• 
  Bakalska Spit  [ uk ] on the western coast of Crimea ^[38]
• 
  Arrow Spit  [ uk ] on the Tylihul Estuary's western shore ^[39]
• 
  Kyrylivka's beaches on Fedotova Spit  [ uk ] ^{[2] [40]}

Spits of Ukraine

Spit	Ukrainian name [g]	Administrative division	Geographic location	Water body	Area [h]	Highest elevation [i]	Coordinates	Refs
Arabat Spit	Арабатська Стрілка [j]	Crimea/Kherson [k]	Separates the Syvash lagoons from the Sea of Azov	Sea of Azov	395 km2 (153 sq mi)	—	45°42′00″N35°00′00″E / 45.70000°N 35.00000°E / 45.70000; 35.00000 (Arabat Spit)	[20] [41] [42] [43] [44] [45]
Arrow Spit	Коса Стрілка [l]	Odesa [m]	Located southeast of the nearby village Kairy  [ uk ] on the Tylihul Estuary's western shore	Tylihul Estuary	<3.94 km2 (1.52 sq mi) [n]	—	46°55′51″N31°00′04″E / 46.93083°N 31.00111°E / 46.93083; 31.00111 (Arrow Spit)	[39]
Bakalska Spit	Бакальська коса	Crimea	In the northwestern Crimean peninsula, extending from the village Sterehushche  [ uk ] and north of Bakkal lake  [ uk ]	Black Sea	<3 km2 (1.2 sq mi) [o]	1.3 m (4.3 ft)	45°46′00″N33°11′00″E / 45.76667°N 33.18333°E / 45.76667; 33.18333 (Bakalska Spit)	[38] [59]
Berdiansk Spit	Бердянська коса	Zaporizhzhia	South of the city of Berdiansk	Sea of Azov	7 km2 (2.7 sq mi)	—	46°39′00″N36°47′00″E / 46.65000°N 36.78333°E / 46.65000; 36.78333 (Berdiansk Spit)	[60] [61] [62]
Bili Kuchuhury [p]	Білі Кучугури	Kherson	Extends from the far western half of the Tendra Spit towards the mainland Yahorlyk Kut peninsula through the Gulf of Tendra's waters	Black Sea	—	0.6 m (2.0 ft)	46°14′46″N31°40′04″E / 46.24611°N 31.66778°E / 46.24611; 31.66778 (Bili Kuchuhury)	[64]
Bilosaraiska Spit	Білосарайська коса	Donetsk	In the northeast of the Azov Sea, extending from the spit's namesake village of Bilosaraiska Spit  [ uk ]	Sea of Azov	44.45 km2 (17.16 sq mi)	—	46°53′30″N37°19′50″E / 46.89167°N 37.33056°E / 46.89167; 37.33056 (Bilosaraiska Spit)	[65] [66]
Byriuchyi Island [q]	Бирючий Острів	Kherson	In the northwest of the Azov Sea, extending from Fedotova Spit	Sea of Azov	27.92 km2 (10.78 sq mi)	—	46°07′36″N35°06′12″E / 46.12667°N 35.10333°E / 46.12667; 35.10333 (Byriuchyi Island)	[1] [68] [69]
Dzharylhach [c]	Джарилгач	Kherson	Extends from the rural settlement of Lazurne towards the Isthmus of Perekop through Karkinit Bay	Black Sea	56 km2 (22 sq mi) [r]	10 m (33 ft)	46°01′48″N32°46′48″E / 46.03000°N 32.78000°E / 46.03000; 32.78000 (Dzharylhach)	[70] [71]
Fedotova Spit	Федотова коса	Kherson/Zaporizhzhia [s]	In the northwest of the Azov Sea, extending from Kyrylivka	Sea of Azov	—	3.6 m (12 ft)	46°17′52″N35°18′13″E / 46.29778°N 35.30361°E / 46.29778; 35.30361 (Fedotova Spit)	[2] [40]
Kinburn Spit	Кінбурнська коса	Mykolaiv	Westernmost end of the Kinburn Peninsula, close to the Dnipro–Buh estuary	Black Sea	320–400 km2 (120–150 sq mi) [t]	—	46°33′30″N31°31′40″E / 46.55833°N 31.52778°E / 46.55833; 31.52778 (Kinburn Spit)	[73] [74] [75]
Komysh-Burunska Spit [u]	Комиш-Бурунська коса	Crimea	In the southern part of the city of Kerch	Black Sea [v]	—	1 m (3.3 ft)	45°16′05″N36°26′06″E / 45.26806°N 36.43500°E / 45.26806; 36.43500 (Komysh-Burunska Spit)	[77] [78]
Kryva Spit	Крива коса	Donetsk	In the northeast of the Azov Sea, extending from Siedove	Sea of Azov	0.05 km2 (0.019 sq mi)	2 m (6.6 ft)	47°03′00″N38°07′58″E / 47.05000°N 38.13278°E / 47.05000; 38.13278 (Kryva Spit)	[79] [80]
Obytichna Spit	Обитічна коса	Zaporizhzhia	In the northern Azov Sea, separating Obytichna Bay  [ uk ] from Berdiansk Bay  [ uk ]	Sea of Azov	—	2.2 m (7.2 ft)	46°31′56″N36°12′18″E / 46.53222°N 36.20500°E / 46.53222; 36.20500 (Obytichna Spit)	[81] [82]
Voloska Spit	Волоська коса	Mykolaiv	Located on the right bank of the Buh estuary near Prybuzke  [ uk ] and across from Ruska Spit	Southern Buh river	—	—	46°43′39″N31°55′03″E / 46.72750°N 31.91750°E / 46.72750; 31.91750 (Voloska Spit)	[83]

See also

• Geography of Ukraine
• Spits of the Sea of Azov
• List of islands of Ukraine
• Peresyp

Notes

1. Byriuchyi Island is the larger portion of the feature shown while Fedotova Spit  [ uk ] is the very narrow part that connects Byriuchyi to the mainland. ^{[1] [2]} Depending on weather and sea conditions, Byriuchyi alternates between being a geographic spit extending from Fedotova Spit's land and an island separated from Fedotova Spit by a narrow strait. ^[3]
2. Коси is the plural Ukrainian word for spit. The singular word for spit is Коса (Kosa). ^[6]
3. Russian troops filled in with sand the strait separating Dzharylhach from the mainland in May 2023, making it a geographic spit. Before the strait was filled, Dzharylhach had been the largest island by area in Ukraine. ^{[12] [13] [14]}
4. Also called Dromos Achilles (Achilles' Drome). ^{[17] [18]}
5. According to Strabo's Geographica , between the 1st century BC and early 1st century AD, the Course of Achilles had a length of 1,000 stadia and a width between four plethra (an ancient Greek unit smaller than stadia) and two stadia, which would have equated to a maximum calculated area of approximately 315.4 km² (121.8 sq mi). ^[17]
6. Seribna Spit was recorded by Ukrainian academic Dmytro Yavornytsky as being downstream from the small islands of Shevsky  [ uk ] (Ukrainian: Шевський) and Hryniv (Ukrainian: Гринів) on the left bank of the Dnipro and opposite from the large Stanovy Island  [ uk ] (Ukrainian: Становий острів, romanized: Stanovyi ostriv) located on the river's right bank. ^[19] Due to the flooding of these islands together with Seribna Spit by the creation of the Dnipro Reservoir, the precise location of the spit is uncertain.^{[ citation needed ]}
7. Links to the Ukrainian Wikipedia articles for each spit
8. Spits without a recorded area are marked with a dash (—).
9. Spits without a recorded peak elevation are marked with a dash (—).
10. The name Арабатська Стрілка (Arabatska Strilka) translates to Arabat Arrow or Arrow of Arabat. Arabat Spit in Ukrainian is Арабатська Коса (Arabatska Kosa).^{[ citation needed ]}
11. Mostly located in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, with a smaller portion in Kherson Oblast.^{[ citation needed ]}
12. Links to the Ukrainian Wikipedia page for Arrow Spit Bird Reserve, which includes the territory of the spit as well as surrounding areas. ^{[46] [47]} There is currently no separate article on Wikipedia for the spit itself.
13. The spit borders immediately next to the administrative boundary between Mykolaiv and Odesa Oblast, although it is located fully within the territory of Odesa Oblast. ^[39]
14. The protected area of the Arrow Spit Bird Reserve, which includes the Arrow Spit itself and surrounding wetlands, is 3.94 square kilometres (1.52 sq mi). The area of the reserve that is geographically part of the spit is not indicated. ^{[46] [47]}
15. The protected area of the Bakalska Spit Regional Landscape Park, which includes the Bakalska Spit itself, Bakkal lake  [ uk ], and surrounding features, is 15.2 km² (5.9 sq mi). ^[48] Of this area, according to the park's posted information at its visitor center in 2012, 3 km² (1.2 sq mi) makes up Bakalska Spit, 8.1 km² (3.1 sq mi) makes up Bakkal lake, and 4.1 km² (1.6 sq mi) makes up the park's "Coastal Aquatic Complex". ^[49] After strong storms passed through the area in 2005 and 2007, part of the spit's northern end was separated by the sea and turned into an island. ^{[50] [51]} In April 2008, the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of Ukraine issued a permit for limited commercial sand mining from the Bakalska sand bank deposit, located 7 km (4.3 mi) outside the borders of the landscape park. ^[52] Following local concerns of potential damage to the environmental state of the spit caused by the nearby operations and illegal commercial sand mining activities on the spit itself, ^{[53] [54]} particularly in 2012, ^[55] new laws were drafted in the Ukrainian parliament in 2013 to suspend the permit, add additional protections to the spit, and expand the boundaries of the park. ^{[56] [57]} After the Russian occupation of Crimea in 2014, the proposed law was withdrawn and Russian occupation officials licensed continued sand mining operations both outside and within the landscape park. ^[55] Due to the extensive commercial sand extraction, the spit's area has increasingly shrunken, with approximately 0.145 km² (0.056 sq mi) to 0.15 km² (0.058 sq mi) of the spit becoming submerged in 2015, ^[58] and approximately 0.33 km² (0.13 sq mi) of the spit's area being reported as damaged or eroded by 2019. Because of the spit's deterioration, the present day area of the spit is likely significantly less than the area recorded in 2012. ^{[50] [51]}
16. Also referred to as White Kuchuhury. ^[63]
17. Also referred to as Byriuchyi Island Spit (Ukrainian: Коса Бирючий Острів, romanized: Kosa Byriuchyi Ostriv) or simply Byriuchyi (Ukrainian: Бирючий). ^[67] Depending on weather and sea conditions, Byriuchyi alternates between being a geographic spit extending from Fedotova Spit and an island separated from Fedotova Spit by a narrow strait, with Byriuchyi becoming an island primarily during the autumn months when frequent storms on the Azov Sea flood the isthmus connecting Byriuchyi to Fedotova Spit. ^[3]
18. Prior to May 2023, Dzharylhach was the largest island in Ukraine with an area of 56 km² (22 sq mi).^{[ citation needed ]} Dzharylhach's area following its 2023 connection to the mainland by Russian troops is not indicated. ^{[13] [14] [12]}
19. Mostly located in Zaporizhzhia Oblast, with a smaller portion in Kherson Oblast.^{[ citation needed ]}
20. Kinburn Spit has a length of 40 kilometres (25 mi) and a width ranging from 8 to 10 kilometres (5.0 to 6.2 mi), making the spit's area between 320 and 400 square kilometres (120 and 150 sq mi). ^[72]
21. Also known as Arshyntsevska Spit (Ukrainian: Аршинцівська коса, romanized: Arshyntsivska kosa). ^[76]
22. Located in the Kerch Strait near the entrance to the Azov Sea but still within the Black Sea's waters.^{[ citation needed ]}

References

1. "Kosa Biryuchyy Ostriv". Google Earth . Retrieved 2 October 2024.
2. "Fedotova Kosa". Google Earth . Retrieved 2 October 2024.
3. Kopenko, Vita (15 March 2023). Бирючий: заповідний острів-півострів, що вподобали президенти і олені, і який нині знищують окупанти [Biryuchy: a protected island-peninsula, favored by presidents and deer, and now being destroyed by the occupiers]. eco.rayon.in.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 14 October 2024.
4. Barros, George; Stepanenko, Kateryna; Bergeron, Thomas; Mikkelsen, Noel; Mealie, Daniel; Belcher, Mitchell; Thacker, Tom. "Interactive Map: Russia's Invasion of Ukraine". storymaps.arcgis . Institute for the Study of War & American Enterprise Institute's Critical Threats Project. Retrieved 4 August 2024.
5. Shuisky, Y.D.; Vykhovanetz, G.V.; Pankratenkova, D.O. (2019). Основні риси антропогенного впливу в береговій зоні Чорного та Азовського морів у межах України [The Main Features of Anthropogenic Impact in the Coastal Zone of the Black and Azov Seas Within Ukraine]. Український географічний журнал[Ukrainian Geographical Journal] (in Ukrainian) (105) 1. Odesa University: 8–14. doi: 10.15407/ugz2019.01.008 . ISSN   1561-4980. UDC 551.35 (262.5). Retrieved 2 February 2025.
6. Potebnia Institute of Linguistics. Словник української мови: Академічний тлумачний словник (1970—1980) [Dictionary of the Ukrainian language: Academic explanatory dictionary (1970—1980)]. sum.in.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 25 January 2025.
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8. Uda, Takaaki (2019). "Spits". Encyclopedia of Coastal Science. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. pp. 1623–1627. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-93806-6_297. ISBN   978-3-319-93805-9.
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11. Zhang, Wenyan (12 August 2015). "SPIT". Encyclopedia of Estuaries. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Springer-Link. p. 622. doi:10.1007/978-94-017-8801-4_125. ISBN   978-94-017-8801-4 . Retrieved 15 August 2024.
12. Росіяни з'єднали Джарилгач з окупованою частиною Херсонської області, - Генштаб [The Russians connected Dzharylhach with the occupied part of Kherson Oblast, - General Staff]. RBC-Ukraine (in Ukrainian). 19 May 2023. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
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15. Falconer, William; Strabo (1903). "Getæ III". The Geography of Strabo. Vol. 1. Translated by Hamilton, Hans Claude; Falconer, William (1st ed.). London: George Bell & Sons . Retrieved 2 October 2024. The western part of this strip of land [the Course of Achilles] is known as the Island of Tendra, because it is separated by a cut. The eastern part of the strip is called Djarilgatch
16. Pyatkova, A.V. (1 January 2023). Острів [Island]. Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 14 October 2024.
17. Falconer, William; Strabo (1903). "Getæ III". The Geography of Strabo. Vol. 1. Translated by Hamilton, Hans Claude; Falconer, William (1st ed.). London: George Bell & Sons . Retrieved 2 October 2024. Then we arrive at the Course of Achilles, a low peninsula; for it is a certain tongue of land about a thousand stadia in length, running out towards the east, and its width is but two stadia in the broadest part, and but four plethra in the narrowest. It is distant from the main-land, which runs out on both sides of the neck, about 60 stadia.
18. d'Anville, Jean-Baptiste Bourguignon (1764). "Orbis romani pars orientalis". New York Public Library . Retrieved 14 October 2024.
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24. Про затвердження Переліку територій, на яких ведуться (велися) бойові дії або тимчасово окупованих Російською Федерацією [On Approval of the List of Territories in which Military Operations are Conducted (Were Conducted) or Temporarily Occupied by the Russian Federation]. ips.ligazakon.net. Archived from the original on 23 May 2024. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
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26. Grytsenko, Oksana (15 March 2014). "Russian troops invade Kherson Oblast, Ukrainians declare right to fight back". Kyiv Post . Retrieved 16 August 2024.
27. Россия убрала войска с Арабатской стрелки [Russia has withdrawn troops from the Arabat Spit]. Ukrinform (in Russian). 9 December 2014. Archived from the original on 17 July 2015. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
28. Про межі та перелік районів, міст, селищ і сіл, частин їх територій, тимчасово окупованих у Донецькій та Луганській областях [About the boundaries and list of raions, cities, settlements and villages, parts of their territories temporarily occupied in Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts]. Official Website of the Parliament of Ukraine (in Ukrainian). 7 February 2019. Archived from the original on 26 May 2024. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
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31. Hird, Karolina; Stepanenko, Kateryna; Clark, Mason (10 June 2022). "Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, June 10". Institute for the Study of War . Retrieved 22 November 2022.
32. Axe, David (14 November 2022). "A Strategic Strip Of Sand. Rumors Of Ukrainian Raids. As Russian Forces Retreat, Keep An Eye On The Kinburn Spit" . Forbes . Retrieved 17 November 2022.
33. Что известно о гибели бойцов элитного украинского спецназа на Тендровской косе [What is known about the death of elite Ukrainian special forces soldiers on the Tendra Spit]. BBC News Russian (in Russian). 29 February 2024. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
34. Serhan, Yasmeen (29 September 2022). "Russia's Annexation of Ukrainian Territory Is a Sign of Military Weakness". Time . Retrieved 8 July 2024.
35. "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 27 March 2014" (PDF). United Nations Department of General Assembly and Conference Management. 1 April 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
36. "Ukraine's president pledges to 'return' Russia-annexed Crimea". Al Jazeera . 23 August 2021. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
37. "Temporary Occupation of Crimea and City of Sevastopol". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine . 22 July 2022. Retrieved 8 July 2024.
38. "Bakalʹsʹka Kosa". Google Earth . Retrieved 2 October 2024.
39. "Kosa Strilka". Google Earth . Retrieved 2 October 2024.
40. Myahchenko, O.P. (2014). Коса Федотова [Spit Fedotova]. Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2 October 2024.
41. "Arabat Spit". Google Earth . Retrieved 2 October 2024.
42. Yen, O.V. (2001). Арабатська стрілка [Arabat Arrow]. Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2 October 2024.
43. "Arabat Spit". Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine . Retrieved 2 February 2025.
44. Patowary, Kaushik (9 July 2013). "7 Most Spectacular Spits on Earth". Amusing Planet. Retrieved 2 February 2025.
45. Amusing Planet (5 August 2014). "Arabat Spit". The Times of India . Retrieved 2 February 2025.
46. Наявність землевпорядної документації з установлення меж територій та об’єктів природно-заповідного фонду Одеської області [Availability of land management documentation for establishing boundaries, territories and objects of the nature reserve fund of Odesa region]. odessa.gov.ua (in Ukrainian). 29 May 2009. Archived from the original on 8 July 2012. Retrieved 6 September 2024.
47. "Kosa Strilka". Protected Planet . UNEP-WCMC . Retrieved 6 September 2024.
48. Заповідник «Бакальська коса» [Reserve "Bakalska Spit"]. otdyhaem.com.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 15 September 2024.
49. Бакальская Коса [Bakalska Spit]. mejvodnoe.ru (in Russian). 19 February 2012. Archived from the original on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 3 September 2014. The values of the areas of the spit and other features are listed in the article's photo of one of the park's visitor center maps titled Региональный ландшафтный парк «Бакальская коса» (stylized in the map in all caps as РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЙ ЛАНДШАФТНЫЙ ПАРК «БАКАЛЬСКАЯ КОСА»; transl. Regional landscape park "Bakalska Spit"). The photo has the caption "Заповедник Бакальская коса" (transl. Bakalska Spit Nature Reserve) in the article. The areas in the map are shown in hectares, with the Russian unit abbreviation ГА.
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52. Комуністи за збереження регіонального ландшафтного парку "Бакальська коса" в Автономній Республіці Крим [Communists for the preservation of the regional landscape park "Bakalska Spit" in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea]. kpu-ahtyrka.at.ua (in Ukrainian). 11 April 2013. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
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58. «Берег вже не придатний для відпочинку». Кримчанка розповіла про стан Бакальської коси ["The shore is no longer suitable for recreation." A Crimean woman spoke about the condition of the Bakalska Spit]. ua.krymr.com (in Ukrainian). 28 September 2019. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
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