List of surahs in the Quran

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The first Sura of the Quran, consisting of seven verses.

The Quran is divided into surahs (chapters) and further divided into ayat (verses). The real translation of the word, ayat, is actually "a sign". For a preliminary discussion about the chronological order of chapters see page Surah.

Each surah, except for At-Tawba is preceded by the phrase bismi-llāhi r-raḥmāni r-raḥīm ("In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful"), also known as the Basmala. ^[1] 29 surahs are preceded by Muqatta'at (lit. abbreviated or shortened), unique letter combinations whose meanings remain unclear. ^{[2] [3]}

Note that the names of the surahs do not always reflect the topics discussed in the surah. Many surah names simply come from a unique word found in the surah or from the first words of the surah. The names serve merely as a means to identify which surah is being talked about, but not as an indicator of what topics the surah discusses. For example, the main topic of Surat Ash-Shu'ara ("The Poets") is the stories of prophets that were sent to mankind before Muhammad (specifically in this Surah: Moses, Noah, Hud, Saleh, Lot, and Jethro) and how their message was ultimately the same: to worship One God and be just to people. However, the name "The Poets" comes from the very last few verses of the surah, which mention deviant poets and show how Muhammad is not a poet like some of the Quraysh tried to claim.

It might be important to mention that some modern scientific techniques ^[4] have been used to reconstruct the chronology of the Quranic verses.

Distribution of surah across ajzāʼ, with the length of the bar corresponding to a surah being proportionate to the number of letters of the surah in the juz divided by the total number of letters in the juz.

Table

Surah

#	Arabic title(s)	Romanized title(s)	English title(s)	Number of verses	Number of Rukūʿs	Classification	Note on Revelation Location and Period	Egyptian Standard Chronological Order [5] [6] [7]	Muqatta'at (isolated letters) [3]	Title refers to	Topics and Themes	Number of Sajdah	Number of pages
1	،الفاتحة أم الكتاب، أم القرآن، السبع المثاني، الحمد، الشفاء، سورة الصلاة، الأساس	Al-Fātiḥah aka: Umm ul-Kitab, Umm ul-Qur'an, As-Sab' ul-Mathani, Al-Hamd, Ash-Shifa', Surat As-Salah, Al-'Asas	The Opening aka: Mother of the Book, Mother of the Koran, The Oft-Recited Seven, Praise, The Cure, Chapter of the Prayer, The Foundation	7	1	Meccan	Early Mecca phase (610-618 AD)	5		Whole Surah [8]	The fundamental principles of the Qur'an in a condensed form. [8] A prayer to God which encompasses all needs.	0	.5
2	البقرة	Al-Baqara	The Cow	286	40	Medinan	Medina phase (622 - 632 AD). Except 281 from Mina at the time of the Last Hajj	87	Alif Lam Mim	v. 67-73 [8]	Believers, disbelievers, and hypocrites Creation of Adam and the fall The errors committed by the Children of Israel, past and present [8] Abraham and Ishmael building the Kaaba Acts of worship (Qibla, fasting in Ramadan, Hajj, Charity) Legal ordinances and social relations (dietary restrictions, warfare, intoxicants and gambling, orphans, marriage and divorce, usury, economic contracts, etc.) [8] The story about Joshua, Saul, David, and Goliath Ayatul Kursi (v. 255) [9] God's power to give and take life	0	48
3	آل عمران	Ali Imran	The House of Imran	200	20	Medinan	Medina phase (622 - 632 AD)	89	Alif Lam Mim	v. 33, 35 [8]	The oneness of God The interpretation of the Qur'an Births of Maryam, John, and Isa Miracles of Isa and relationship with the apostles The People of the Book The Battle of Uhud and the hypocrites (3 AH) [8] Those who remember God and call upon Him	0	27
4	النساء	An-Nisa'	Women	176	24	Medinan	Medina phase (622 - 632 AD)	92		Whole Surah [8]	Unity of the human race and the mutual obligations of men and women towards one another (v. 1) [8] Questions related to family life (including marriage and inheritance) and emphasis on justice [8] Rights of women [8] Peace and war and the hypocrites [8] People of the Book	0	29
5	المائدة	Al-Ma'ida	The Table Spread	120	16	Medinan	Medina phase (622 - 632 AD). Except 3, revealed at Arafat on Last Hajj	112		v. 112-114 [8]	A series of ritual and legal ordinances (Dietary restrictions, intermarriage, Wudu, Hajj, etc.) [8] Extensive discussion of The People of the Book	0	22
6	الأنعام	Al-An'am	Cattle	165	20	Meccan	Middle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD). Except 20, 23, 91, 93, 114, 151, 152, 153, from Medina	55		v. 136ff. [8]	Oneness and uniqueness of God [8] Refutation of the polytheists Refutation of Pre-Islamic superstitions concerning animals, then countered with Islamic values [8]	0	23
7	الأعراف	Al-A'raf	The Heights	206	24	Meccan	Middle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD). Except 163-170, from Medina	39	Alif Lam Mim Sad	v. 46, 48 [8]	The mission of the prophets [8] Lessons from the story of Satan tempting Adam and about modesty [8] Dialogue between the people in Heaven and Hell Stories of Noah, Hud, Saleh, Lot, and Jethro [8] Moses and the salvation of the Israelites and their deviation thereafter Muhammad, the unlettered prophet mentioned in the Torah and Gospel Allah's Covenant with humanity (v. 172) [10] What happens to those who discard Allah's message (v. 175) [8]	1	26
8	الأنفال	Al-Anfal	Spoils of War	75	10	Medinan	Medina phase (622 - 632 AD). Except 30-36 from Mecca	88		v. 1 [8]	The Battle of Badr (2 A.H.) and rules of war [8] Doctrine of sacrifice through action [8]	0	10
9	،التوبة البراءة	At-Tawba aka: Al-Bara'a	Repentance aka: The Absolution	129	16	Medinan	Medina phase (622 - 632 AD). Except last two verses from Mecca	113			How and why to fight the unbelievers Criticism of corrupt religious leaders Trials during wartime and the fitna of the hypocrites Who can receive charity Loyalty and obedience to God and his Prophet	0	21
10	يونس	Yunus	Jonah	109	11	Meccan	Middle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD). Except 40, 94, 95, 96, from Medina	51	Alif Lam Ra	v. 98 [8]	Divine origin of the Qur'an and that Muhammad did not fabricate it (v. 15-17, 37-38, 94) [8] Response to challenges made by the Meccan polytheists All creatures will return to God Futility of conjecture (Polytheism is dismissed as conjecture) How different people respond to guidance: Noah's people reject guidance altogether Pharaoh believes when it is too late Jonah's people believed and were saved	0	13
11	هود	Hud	Hud	123	10	Meccan	Middle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD). Except 12, 17, 114, from Medina	52	Alif Lam Ra	v. 50-60	Continuation of refutation of the polytheists Stories of past prophets' struggles to comfort and encourage the Prophet and the believers: The stories of Noah, Hud, Saleh, angels bringing Abraham good news of Isaac, the story of Lot, the story of Jethro, and quick mention of Moses [8]	0	15
12	يوسف	Yusuf	Joseph	111	12	Meccan	Middle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD). Except 1, 2, 3, 7, from Medina	53	Alif Lam Ra	Whole Surah	The story of Joseph (an illustration of God's unfathomable direction of men's affairs; a comfort to the Prophet and believers in the Year of Sadness) [8]	0	14
13	الرعد	Ar-Ra'd	Thunder	43	6	Medinan	Medina phase (622 - 632 AD)	96	Alif Lam Mim Ra	v. 13 [8]	God's majesty reflected in the natural wonders of creation Revelation and the concequences of accepting or rejecting it [8]	1	6
14	إبراهيم	Ibrahim	Abraham	52	7	Meccan	Late Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD). Except 28, 29, from Medina	72	Alif Lam Ra	v. 35-41 [8]	Revelation to lead mankind from darkness to light [8] Gratitude and ingratitude to God's blessings Patience and trust in God The severity of God's punishments Abraham's prayers	0	7
15	الحجر	Al-Hijr	The City of Stone or The Rocky Plain	99	6	Meccan	Middle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD). Except 87, from Medina	54	Alif Lam Ra	v. 80 [8]	Inevitability of God's decree Responses to challenges of the polytheists Creation of Adam and Iblis's refusal to bow Angels bring Abraham good news of Isaac and the story of Lot Mention of Midian and Thamud Reminder to the Prophet to have forbearance and resolution	0	5
16	،النحل النعم	An-Nahl aka: An-Ni'em	The Bee aka: The Blessings	128	16	Meccan	Late Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD). Except the last three verses from Medina	70		v. 68-69 [8]	The many wonders of creation and God's blessings on man [8] Rejection of polytheism and warnings to the polytheists Importance of uprightness and keeping oaths	1	15
17	،الإسراء بني إسراءيل، سبحان	Al-Isra' aka: Bani Isra'eel, Subhan	The Night Journey aka: The Children of Israel, Glory	111	12	Meccan	Middle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD). Except 26, 32, 33, 57, 73-80, from Medina	50		v. 1 [8]	Muhammad's mystic night journey from Mecca to Jerusalem. [8] The children of Israel (v. 2-8, 101-104) [8]	1	11
18	الكهف	Al-Kahf	The Cave	110	12	Meccan	Late Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD). Except 28, 83-101, from Medina	69		v. 13-20 [8]	A series of parables or allegories on the theme of faith in God versus excessive attachment to the life of this world. Including: [8] The men of the cave (v. 13-20) [8] The rich man and the poor man (v. 32-44) [8] Moses and the unnamed sage (v. 60-82) [8] The allegory of Dhul-Qarnayn (v. 83-98) [8]	0	11
19	مريم	Maryam	Mary	98	6	Meccan	Middle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD). Except 58 and 71, from Medina	44	Kaf Ha Ya 'Ain Sad	v. 16-37 [8]	The story of Zechariah and his son John, the precursor of Jesus (v. 2-15) [8] The story of Mary and Jesus (v. 16-37) [8]	1	7
20	طه	Ta-Ha	Ta-Ha	135	8	Meccan	Middle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD). Except 130 and 131, from Medina	45	Ta Ha [notes 1]	v. 1 [8]	The guidance offered by God through His prophets [8] The fundamental truths inherent in all revealed religions are identical [8] The story of Moses (v. 9-98) [8]	0	10
21	الأنبياء	Al-Anbiya'	The Prophets	112	7	Meccan	Late Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD)	73		v. 48-91 [8]	The oneness, uniqueness and transcendence of God [8] The continuity and intrinsic unity of all divine revelation [8] Stories of the prophets of old (v. 48-91) [8] The believers of all faiths belong to one single community (v. 92) [8]	0	10
22	الحج	Al-Hajj	The Pilgrimage	78	10	Medinan	Medina phase (622 - 632 AD). Except 52-55, revealed between Mecca and Medina	103		v. 25-38 [8]	The Mecca pilgrimage and some of the rituals connected with it (v. 25-38) [8]	2	10
23	المؤمنون	Al-Mu'minoon	The Believers	118	6	Meccan	Late Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD)	74		v. 1 [8]	True faith [8] The evidence of the existence of an almighty Creator, and man's ultimate responsibility before Him [8] The unity of all religious communities, broken by man's egotism, greed and striving after power (v. 52-53) [8] The impossibility to believe in God, without believing in life after death [8]	0	8
24	النور	An-Nur	Light	64	9	Medinan	Medina phase (622 - 632 AD)	102		v. 35 [8]	Mutual relations and ethical rules between men and women [8] The mystic parable of the ‘light of God’ ("Verse of Light"). (v. 35) [8]	0	10
25	الفرقان	Al-Furqan	The Criterion	77	6	Meccan	Middle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD). Except 68-70, from Medina	42		v. 1 [8]	The purpose of every divine revelation is to provide a stable criterion of true and false [8] The humanness of every apostle sent by God to man (v. 20) [8] Divine revelation belongs to God's creative activity [8]	1	7
26	الشعراء	Ash-Shu'ara	The Poets	227	11	Meccan	Middle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD). Except 197 and 224-227, from Medina	47	Ta Sin Mim	v. 224 [8]	Man's weakness, which causes him to reject God's message, and worship power and wealth, etc. [8]	0	10
27	النمل	An-Naml	The Ants	93	7	Meccan	Middle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD)	48	Ta Sin	v. 18 [8]	The legend of King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba [8]	1	9
28	القصص	Al-Qasas	The Story	88	9	Meccan	Middle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD). Except 52-55 from Medina and 85 from Juhfa at the time of the Hijra	49	Ta Sin Mim	v. 25 [8]	Human aspects of the life of Moses [8]	0	11
29	العنكبوت	Al-Ankabut	The Spider	69	7	Meccan	Late Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD). Except 1-11, from Medina	85	Alif Lam Mim	v. 41 [8]	The parable of ‘the spider house’, a symbol of false beliefs that are destined to be blown away by the winds of truth (v. 41) [8]	0	9
30	الروم	Ar-Rum	Byzantium	60	6	Meccan	Late Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD). Except 17, from Medina	84	Alif Lam Mim	v. 1 [8]	Predictions of the near victory of the Byzantines [over the Persians] and the Battle of Badr (2 A.H.) (v. 1-7) [8] God's ability to resurrect the dead at the end of time, and the people's ignorance of this [8]	0	7
31	لقمان	Luqman	Luqman	34	4	Meccan	Middle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD). Except 27-29, from Medina	57	Alif Lam Mim	v. 12-19 [8]	The story of Luqman, a legendary sage, counselling his son (v. 12-19) [8]	0	4
32	،السجدة المضاجع، الم تنزيل	As-Sajda aka: Al-Madaji', Alif Lam Meem Tanzeel	Prostration aka: The Beds, Alif Lam Meem Revelation	30	3	Meccan	Late Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD). Except 16-20, from Medina	75	Alif Lam Mim	v. 15 [8]	God's creation [11] God's revelation and man's acceptance or denial [11] The Day of Judgement [11]	1	3
33	الأحزاب	Al-Ahzab	The Confederates	73	9	Medinan	Medina phase (622 - 632 AD)	90		v. 9-27 [8]	The War of the Confederates (5 A.H.) (v. 9-27) [8] The relationship between Muhammad and his family [8]	0	10
34	سبأ	Saba'	Sheba	54	6	Meccan	Middle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD)	58		v. 15-20 [8]	The insignificance of the knowledge accessible to man (v. 9) [8] The story of the people of Sheba, as an example of the impermanence of human power, wealth and glory (v. 15-20) [8] Always be conscious of God (v. 46) [8]	0	7
35	،فاطر الملائكة	Fatir aka: Al-Mala'ika	The Originator aka: Angels	45	5	Meccan	Middle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD)	43		v. 1 [8]	God's power to create and resurrect [8] God's revelation of His will through His prophets [8]	0	6
36	يس	Ya Seen	Ya Seen	83	5	Meccan	Middle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD). Except 45, from Medina	41	Ya Sin [notes 2]	v. 1 [8]	Man's moral responsibility, resurrection and God's judgment. [8] To be recited over the dying and in the prayers of the dead. [8]	0	6
37	الصافات	As-Saffat	Those Ranged in Ranks	182	5	Meccan	Middle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD)	56		v. 1 [8]	Resurrection and the certainty that all human beings will have to answer before God. [8] Man's constant need of prophetic guidance. [8] Stories of earlier prophets. (v. 75-148) [8]	0	7
38	،ص داوود	Sad aka: Dawood	Sad aka: David	88	5	Meccan	Middle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD)	38	Sad	v. 1 [8]	Divine guidance and its rejection by those who are lost in fast pride. [8]	1	5
39	،الزمر الغرف	Az-Zumar aka: Al-Ghuraf	The Crowds aka: The Dwellings	75	8	Meccan	Middle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD)	59		v. 71, 73 [8]	The evidence of the existence and oneness of God in all manifestations of nature. [8] God forgives all sins to him who repents before his death. [8] Allegories of the Last Hour and the Day of Judgment. [8]	0	9
40	،غافر المؤمن، الفضل	Ghafir aka: Al-Mu'min, Al-Fadhl	The Forgiver aka: The Believer, Bounty	85	9	Meccan	Middle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD). Except 56, 57, from Medina	60	Ha Mim	v. 3 [8]	Man's false pride, worship of false values (wealth, power etc.) and his denial of divine guidance. [8] Stories of earlier prophets. [8]	0	10
41	،فصلت حم سجدة، المصابيح، الأقوات	Fussilat aka: Ha Meem Sajda, Al-Masabeeh, Al-Aquat	Expounded aka: Ha Meem Prostration, Lamps, Means of Sustenance	54	6	Meccan	Late Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD)	61	Ha Mim	v. 3 [8]	Man's acceptance or rejection of divine revelation. [8]	1	6
42	،الشورى حم عسق	Ash-Shura aka: Ha Meem 'Ain Seen Coff	Counsel aka: Ha Meem Ain Seen Coff	53	5	Meccan	Late Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD). Except 23, 24, 25, 27, from Medina	62	Ha Mim 'Ain Sin Qaf	v. 36 [8]	God is undefinable and unfathomable. (v. 11, 16) [8] All prophets taught the oneness of God, so all believers of all ‘denominations’ should see themselves as ‘one single community’. (v. 13, 15) [8] The law of cause and effect: In the life to come man will only harvest ‘what his own hands have wrought’ in this world. [8]	0	6
43	الزخرف	Az-Zukhruf	Gold Ornaments	89	7	Meccan	Late Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD). Except 54, from Medina	63	Ha Mim	v. 35 [8]	To equal anyone or anything with God is spiritually destructive and logically unacceptable. [8] People's blind adherence to the faith of their forefathers. (v. 22-23) [8]	0	7
44	الدخان	Ad-Dukhan	Smoke	59	3	Meccan	Late Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD)	64	Ha Mim	v. 10 [8]	Through revelation worldly pride is eventually brought to naught. [11]	0	3
45	،الجاثية الشريعة	Al-Jathiya aka: Ash-Shari'a	Kneeling aka: The Clear Path	37	4	Meccan	Late Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD). Except 14, from Medina	65	Ha Mim	v. 28 [8]	The humility with which all human beings will face their final judgment on resurrection. (v. 28) [8]	0	4
46	الأحقاف	Al-Ahqaf	The Sand Dunes	35	4	Meccan	Late Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD). Except 10, 15, 35, from Medina	66	Ha Mim	v. 21 [8]		0	5
47	،محمد القتال	Muhammad aka: Al-Qital	Muhammad aka: Fighting	38	4	Medinan	Medina phase (622 - 632 AD). Except 13, revealed during Muhammad's Hijrah	95		v. 2 [8]	Fighting (qital) in God's cause. [8]	0	4
48	الفتح	Al-Fath	Victory	29	4	Medinan	Medina phase (622 - 632 AD).Revealed while returning from Hudaybiyya	111		v. 1 [8]	The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah (6 A.H.). [8]	0	5
49	الحجرات	Al-Hujurat	The Private Chambers	18	2	Medinan	Medina phase (622 - 632 AD)	106		v. 4 [8]	Social ethics [8] Reverence to Muhammad and the righteous leaders after him. [8] The brotherhood of all believers and all mankind. (v. 10, 13) [8] The difference between true faith and outward observance of religious formalities. (v. 14 ff.) [8]	0	3
50	،ق الباسقات	Qaf aka: Al-Basiqat	Qaf aka: Towering	45	3	Meccan	Middle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD). Except 38, from Medina	34	Qaf	v. 1 [8]	Death and resurrection. [8] God is closer to man than his neck-vein. (v. 16) [11]	0	3
51	الذاريات	Adh-Dhariyat	The Scattering Winds	60	3	Meccan	Late Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD)	67		v. 1 [8]		0	3
52	الطور	At-Tur	The Mountain	49	2	Meccan	Late Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD)	76		v. 1 [8]		0	3
53	النجم	An-Najm	The Star	62	3	Meccan	Early Mecca phase (610-618 AD). Except 32, from Medina	23		v. 1 [8]	Muhammad's experience of an ascension to heaven (Mi’raj, including his vision of the Sidrat al-Muntaha, the Lote-Tree of the Extremity). (v. 13-18) [8]	1	3
54	،القمر اقتربت الساعة	Al-Qamar aka: Iqtarabat As-Sa'a	The Moon aka: The Hour Has Drawn Near	55	3	Meccan	Middle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD). Except 44-46, from Medina	37		v. 1 [8]		0	3
55	الرحمن	Ar-Rahman	The Compassionate	78	3	Medinan	Medina phase (622 - 632 AD)	97		v. 1 [8]	Everything will pass away, except the face of God. (v. 26-27) [11] Description of paradise. (v. 46-78) [12]	0	3
56	الواقعة	Al-Waqi'a	The Inevitable	96	3	Meccan	Middle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD). Except 81 and 82, from Medina	46		v. 1 [8]		0	3
57	الحديد	Al-Hadid	Iron	29	4	Medinan	Medina phase (622 - 632 AD)	94		v. 25 [8]		0	4
58	،المجادلة الظهار	Al-Mujadila aka: Eth-Thihar	She who Disputes aka: Zihar	22	3	Medinan	Medina phase (622 - 632 AD)	105		v. 1 [8]	Divorce [8] Faith and denial [8] Hypocrisy [8] The attitude believers should have toward non-believers. [8]	0	3
59	،الحشر بنو نضير	Al-Hashr aka: Banu Nadeer	The Gathering aka: Banu Nadir	24	3	Medinan	Medina phase (622 - 632 AD)	101		v. 2 [8]	The conflict between the Muslim community and the Jewish tribe of Banu’n-Nadir of Medina. [8]	0	3.5
60	،الممتحنة الامتحان، المودة	Al-Mumtahina aka: Al-Imtihan, Al-Mawada	She who is Examined aka: The Examination, Affection	13	2	Medinan	Medina phase (622 - 632 AD)	91		v. 10 [8]	The believers’ relations with unbelievers. [8]	0	2.5
61	،الصف الحواريون، عيسى	As-Saff aka: Al-Hawariyoon, Esa	The Ranks aka: The Apostles, Jesus	14	2	Medinan	Medina phase (622 - 632 AD)	109		v. 4 [8]	A call to unity between professed belief and actual behaviour. [8]	0	1.5
62	الجمعة	Al-Jumu'a	The Congregation	11	2	Medinan	Medina phase (622 - 632 AD)	110		v. 9-10 [8]	Obligatory congregational prayer on Friday. [8]	0	1.5
63	المنافقون	Al-Munafiqun	The Hypocrites	11	2	Medinan	Medina phase (622 - 632 AD)	104		Whole Surah [8]	Hypocrisy. [8]	0	1.5
64	التغابن	At-Taghabun	Mutual Dispossession	18	2	Medinan	Medina phase (622 - 632 AD)	108		v. 9 [8]		0	2
65	،الطلاق سورة النساء القصرى	At-Talaq aka: Surat An-Nisa' Al-Qusra	Divorce aka: The Shorter Chapter of Women	12	2	Medinan	Medina phase (622 - 632 AD)	99		Whole Surah	Divorce (waiting period, remarriage). [8]	0	2
66	،التحريم لما تحرم، المتحرم، سورة النبي	At-Tahrim aka: Lima Tuharrim, Al-Mutaharrim, Surat An-Nabi	Forbiddance aka: Why do you Forbid?, The Forbidden, Chapter of the Prophet	12	2	Medinan	Medina phase (622 - 632 AD)	107		v. 1 [8]	Certain aspects of Muhammad's personal and family life. [8]	0	2
67	،الملك تبارك، تبارك الذي بيده الملك، المانع، المنجية	Al-Mulk aka: Tabarak, Tabarak Aladhee Biyedihi Al-Mulk, Al-Mani', Al-Munjiyya	Dominion aka: Blessed, Blessed is the One who Holds the Dominion, The Shield, The Savior	30	2	Meccan	Late Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD)	77		v. 1 [8]	Man's inability to understand the mysteries of the universe, and his dependence on guidance through divine revelation. [8]	0	2.5
68	القلم	Al-Qalam	The Pen	52	2	Meccan	Early Mecca phase (610 - 618 AD). Except 17-33 and 48-50, from Medina	2	Nun	v. 1 [8]		0	2
69	الحاقة	Al-Haqqa	The Undeniable Reality	52	2	Meccan	Late Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD)	78		v. 1		0	2
70	،المعارج المواقع، سأل	Al-Ma'arij aka: Al-Mawaqi', Sa'ala	The Ascending Ways aka: The Impending Matters, Someone Asked	44	2	Meccan	Late Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD)	79		v. 3 [8]	The unwillingness to believe, caused by the restlessness inherent in human nature. [8]	0	2
71	نوح	Nuh	Noah	28	2	Meccan	Late Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD)	71		Whole Surah	The story of Noah. [8] The struggle against blind materialism and the lack of spiritual values. [8]	0	1.5
72	الجن	Al-Jinn	The Jinn	28	2	Meccan	Middle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD)	40		v. 1 [8]		0	2
73	المزمل	Al-Muzzammil	The Enwrapped One	20	2	Meccan	Early Mecca phase (610 - 618 AD). Except 10, 11 and 20, from Medina	3		v. 1 [8]		0	1.5
74	المدثر	Al-Muddathir	The Covered One	56	2	Meccan	Early Mecca phase (610-618 AD)	4		v. 1 [8]	This short early surah outlines almost all fundamental Qur'anic concepts. [8]	0	2
75	،القيامة لا أقسم	Al-Qiyama aka: La Uqsimu	Resurrection aka: I Swear	40	2	Meccan	Middle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD)	31		v. 1 [8]	The concept of resurrection. [8]	0	1
76	،الإنسان هل أتى، الدهر، الأبرار	Al-Insan aka: Hal Ataa, Ad-Dahr, Al-Abrar	The Human aka: Hasn't There Come?, Endless Time, The Pious	31	2	Medinan	Medina phase (622 - 632 AD)	98		v. 1 [8]		0	2
77	المرسلات	Al-Mursalat	Those Sent Forth	50	2	Meccan	Middle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD). Except 48, from Medina	33		v. 1 [8]	The gradual revelation of the Qur'an. [8]	0	1.5
78	،النبأ المعصرات، التساءل	An-Naba' aka: Al-Mu'sirat, At-Tasa'ul	The Tiding aka: Rain Clouds, Questioning one Another	40	2	Meccan	Late Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD)	80		v. 2 [8]	Life after death. [8] Resurrection and God's ultimate judgment. [8]	0	1.5
79	،النازعات الساهرة، الطامة	An-Nazi'at aka: Es-Sahira, Et-Tomma	The Snatchers aka: The Wide Expanse, The Calamity	46	2	Meccan	Late Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD)	81		v. 1 [8]		0	1.5
80	،عبس الصاخة، السفرة	Abasa aka: As-Saakha, As-Saffara	He Frowned aka: The Piercing Cry, The Scribes	42	1	Meccan	Early Mecca phase (610-618 AD)	24		v. 1 [8]		0	1
81	التكوير	At-Takawir	The Enfolding	29	1	Meccan	Early Mecca phase (610-618 AD)	7		v. 1 [8]	The Last Hour and man's resurrection. [8]	0	1
82	الإنفطار	Al-Infitar	The Splitting	19	1	Meccan	Late Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD)	82		v. 1 [8]		0	1
83	المطففين	Al-Mutaffifeen	The Defrauders	36	1	Meccan	Late Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD)	86		v. 1 [8]		0	1
84	،الإنشقاق انشقت	Al-Inshiqaq aka: Inshaqat	The Bursting Open aka: Burst Open	25	1	Meccan	Late Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD)	83		v. 1 [8]		1	1
85	البروج	Al-Burooj	The Constellations	22	1	Meccan	Early Mecca phase (610-618 AD)	27		v. 1 [8]		0	1
86	الطارق	At-Tariq	The Night Visitant or The Morning Star	17	1	Meccan	Middle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD)	36		v. 1 [8]		0	.5
87	الأعلى	Al-A'la	The Highest	19	1	Meccan	Early Mecca phase (610-618 AD)	8		v. 1 [8]		0	.5
88	الغاشية	Al-Ghashiya	The Overwhelming Event	26	1	Meccan	Late Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD)	68		v. 1 [8]		0	1
89	الفجر	Al-Fajr	The Dawn	30	1	Meccan	Early Mecca phase (610-618 AD)	10		v. 1 [8]		0	1
90	البلد	Al-Balad	The City	20	1	Meccan	Middle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD)	35		v. 1 [8]		0	.5
91	الشمس	Ash-Shams	The Sun	15	1	Meccan	Early Mecca phase (610-618 AD)	26		v. 1 [8]		0	.5
92	الليل	Al-Lail	The Night	21	1	Meccan	Early Mecca phase (610-618 AD)	9		v. 1 [8]		0	.5
93	الضحى	Ad-Dhuha	The Morning Brightness	11	1	Meccan	Early Mecca phase (610-618 AD)	11		v. 1 [8]	Man's suffering and God's justice. [8] A message of hope and consolation is given to man from Allah's past mercies. Man is bidden to pursue the path of goodness and proclaim the bounties of Allah.	0	.5
94	،الشرح الانشراح	Ash-Sharh aka: El-Inshirah	Expansion aka: Solace	8	1	Meccan	Early Mecca phase (610-618 AD)	12		v. 1		0	.5
95	التين	At-Teen	The Fig	8	1	Meccan	Early Mecca phase (610-618 AD)	28		v. 1 [8]	A fundamental moral verity, common to all true religious teachings. [8]	0	.5
96	،العلق اقرأ	Al-Alaq aka: Ikra'	The Blood Clot aka: Read!	19	1	Meccan	Early Mecca phase (610-618 AD)	1		v. 2 [8]	The first five verses revealed to Muhammad. (v. 1-5) [8]	1	.5
97	القدر	Al-Qadr	The Night of Power	5	1	Meccan	Early Mecca phase (610-618 AD)	25		v. 1 [8]		0	.5
98	،البينة لم يكن	Al-Bayyina aka: Lam Yakun	The Clear Proof aka: They will Not	8	1	Medinan	Medina phase (622 - 632 AD)	100		v. 1 [8]		0	.5
99	الزلزلة	Az-Zalzala	The Earthquake	8	1	Medinan	Medina phase (622 - 632 AD)	93		v. 1 [8]		0	.5
100	العاديات	Al-'Adiyat	The Chargers	11	1	Meccan	Early Mecca phase (610-618 AD)	14		v. 1 [8]		0	.5
101	القارعة	Al-Qari'a	The Catastrophe	11	1	Meccan	Early Mecca phase (610-618 AD)	30		v. 1 [8]		0	.5
102	التكاثر	At-Takathur	Vying for Increase	8	1	Meccan	Early Mecca phase (610-618 AD)	16		v. 1 [8]	Man's greed and tendencies. [8]	0	.5
103	العصر	Al-'Asr	Time	3	1	Meccan	Early Mecca phase (610-618 AD)	13		v. 1 [8]		0	.33
104	الهمزة	Al-Humaza	The Slanderer	9	1	Meccan	Middle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD)	32		v. 1 [8]		0	.33
105	الفيل	Al-Feel	The Elephant	5	1	Meccan	Early Mecca phase (610-618 AD)	19		v. 1 [8]	The Abyssinian attack against Mecca in the year 570 CE, the Year of the Elephant. [8]	0	.33
106	قريش	Quraysh	Quraysh	4	1	Meccan	Early Mecca phase (610-618 AD)	29		v. 1 [8]	The Quraysh, custodians of the Kaaba, should be thankful to God for protecting them from hunger and danger. [11]	0	.33
107	الماعون	Al-Ma'oon	Assistance	7	1	Meccan	Early Mecca phase (610-618 AD). Only 1-3 from Mecca; the rest from Medina	17		v. 7 [8]	The meaning of true worship through sincere devotion and helping those in need. [11]	0	.33
108	الكوثر	Al-Kawthar	Abundance	3	1	Meccan	Early Mecca phase (610-618 AD)	15		v. 1 [8]	Spiritual riches through devotion and sacrifice. Hatred results in the cutting off of all hope. [11]	0	.33
109	الكافرون	Al-Kafiroon	Disbelievers	6	1	Meccan	Early Mecca phase (610-618 AD)	18		v. 1 [8]	The correct attitude towards those who reject faith. [11]	0	.33
110	النصر	An-Nasr	Help	3	1	Medinan	Medina phase (622 - 632 AD).Revealed at Mina on Last Hajj, but regarded as Medinan sura	114		v. 1 [8]	The last complete surah revealed before Muhammad's death. [8]	0	.33
111	،المسد اللهب	Al-Masad aka: Al-Lahab	Palm Fiber aka: The Flame	5	1	Meccan	Early Mecca phase (610-618 AD)	6		v. 5 [8]	The hostility of Muhammad's uncle Abu Lahab. [8]	0	.33
112	،الإخلاص المنفرة، النجاة، المعرفة، المذكرة، نور القرآن	Al-Ikhlas aka: Al-Munaffira, An-Najah, Al-Ma'rifa, Al-Mudhekira, Nur Al-Quran	Sincerity aka: Casting Away, Deliverance, Recognition, The Reminder, Light of the Quran	4	1	Meccan	Early Mecca phase (610-618 AD)	22			The oneness of God. [8]	0	.33
113	الفلق	Al-Falaq	Daybreak	5	1	Meccan	Early Mecca phase (610-618 AD)	20		v. 1 [8]	Seek refuge in God from evil of others. [11]	0	.33
114	الناس	An-Nas	Mankind	6	1	Meccan	Early Mecca phase (610-618 AD)	21		v. 1 [8]	Trust in God's protection from temptations. [11]	0	.33

See also

• Meccan surah
• Medinan surah
• Nöldeke Chronology

Notes

1. 'Ta Ha' has also been interpreted as the invocation 'O man'. In this case, it is not counted as a Muqatta'at. Asad 1980 , Footnote to the verse.
2. 'Ya Sin' has also been interpreted as the invocation 'O thou human being'. In this case, it is not counted as a Muqatta'at. Asad 1980 , Footnote to the verse.

Citations

1. Asad 1980 , Introduction to Sura 1.
2. https://www.scribd.com/doc/296556298/Who-Rearranged-the-Quran)
3. Asad 1980 , Appendix II.
4. Nassourou, Mohamadou (2013) "The Qurʾanic verses : history, computer-supported reconstruction of the order of revelation, examining the concept of abrogation", AVM - Akademische Verlagsgemeinschaft, Munich, Germany, ISBN   978-3869244754
5. Robinson, Neal (2003). Discovering the Qurʼan: A Contemporary Approach to a Veiled Text (PDF). Georgetown University Press. pp. 25–97. ISBN   1589010248.
6. Qran.org: Quran Verses in Chronological Order
7. Chronological Order of Quranic Surahs, by Kevin P. Edgecomb (2002).
8. Asad 1980 , Introduction to the Sura.
9. Peters, F.E. (1993). A Reader on Classical Islam. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 176–177. ISBN   9781400821181.
10. Gwynne, Rosalind Ward (2014). Logic, Rhetoric and Legal Reasoning in the Qur'an: God's Arguments . Routledge Studies in the Qur'an. Routledge, UK. ISBN   1134345003. pp. 1-2.
11. Ali, Abdullah Yusuf (1934). The Holy Qur'an: Text, Translation and Commentary. Introduction to the Sura.
12. Asad 1980 , Footnote(s) to the verse(s).

References

• Asad, Muhammad (1980). The Message of the Qu'rán . Gibraltar, Spain: Dar al-Andalus Limited. ISBN   1904510000.