List of surahs in the Quran

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The first Sura of the Quran, consisting of seven verses. FirstSurahKoran (fragment).jpg
The first Sura of the Quran, consisting of seven verses.

The Quran is divided into surahs (chapters) and further divided into ayat (verses). The real translation of the word, ayat, is actually "a sign". For a preliminary discussion about the chronological order of chapters see page Surah.

Quran The central religious text of Islam

The Quran is the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims believe to be a revelation from God (Allah). It is widely regarded as the finest work in classical Arabic literature. The Quran is divided into chapters, which are subdivided into verses.

Contents

Each surah, except for At-Tawba is preceded by the phrase bismi-llāhi r-raḥmāni r-raḥīm ("In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful"), also known as the Basmala. [1] 29 surahs are preceded by Muqatta'at (lit. abbreviated or shortened), unique letter combinations whose meanings remain unclear. [2] [3]

At-Tawba 9th chapter of the Quran

Al-Tawbah, also known as Barā'ah ("Repudiation"), is the ninth chapter (sūrah) of the Quran. It contains 129 verses (āyāt) and is one of the last Medinan surah. It is the only sūrah of the Qur'an that does not begin with the bismillah. This sūrah is reported to have been revealed at the time of the Battle of Tabuk.

God in Islam Muslim views of divinity

In Islam, God is a God, the absolute one, the all-powerful and all-knowing ruler of the universe, and the creator of everything in existence. Islam emphasizes that God is strictly singular : unique, inherently One, also all-merciful and omnipotent. God is neither a material nor a spiritual being. According to Islamic teachings, beyond the Throne and according to the Quran, "No vision can grasp him, but His grasp is over all vision: He is above all comprehension, yet is acquainted with all things."

Rahim is one of the names of Allah in Islam, meaning "Merciful", from the root R-Ḥ-M. It is also used as a personal male name, short for Abdu r-Raḥīm "Servant of the Merciful". Spellings include Rahim, Raheem, Rohim and Roheem.

Note that the names of the surahs do not always reflect the topics discussed in the surah. Many surah names simply come from a unique word found in the surah or from the first words of the surah. The names serve merely as a means to identify which surah is being talked about, but not as an indicator of what topics the surah discusses. For example, the main topic of Surat Ash-Shu'ara ("The Poets") is the stories of prophets that were sent to mankind before Muhammad (specifically in this Surah: Moses, Noah, Hud, Saleh, Lot, and Jethro) and how their message was ultimately the same: to worship One God and be just to people. However, the name "The Poets" comes from the very last few verses of the surah, which mention deviant poets and show how Muhammad is not a poet like some of the Quraysh tried to claim.

Ash-Shuara 26th chapter of the Quran

Ash-Shuʻarāʼ is the 26th chapter (sūrah) of the Qurʾan with 227 verses (āyāt). Many of these verses are very short.

Muhammad Prophet and founder of Islam

Muhammad was the founder of Islam. According to Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet, sent to present and confirm the monotheistic teachings preached previously by Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets. He is viewed as the final prophet of God in all the main branches of Islam, though some modern denominations diverge from this belief. Muhammad united Arabia into a single Muslim polity, with the Quran as well as his teachings and practices forming the basis of Islamic religious belief.

Moses in Islam

Mûsâ ibn 'Imran known as Moses in the Bible, considered a prophet and messenger in Islam, is the most frequently mentioned individual in the Quran, his name being mentioned 136 times. The Quran states that Musa was sent by Allah to the Pharaoh of Egypt and his establishments and the Israelites for guidance and warning. Musa is mentioned more in the Quran than any other individual, and his life is narrated and recounted more than that of any other prophet. According to Islam, all Muslims must have faith in every prophet (nabi) and messenger (rasul) which includes Musa and his brother Aaron (Harun). The Quran states:

And mention in the Book, Moses. Indeed, he was chosen, and he was a messenger and a prophet. And We called him from the side of the mount at [his] right and brought him near, confiding [to him]. And We gave him out of Our mercy his brother Aaron as a prophet.

It might be important to mention that some modern scientific techniques [4] have been used to reconstruct the chronology of the Quranic verses.

Distribution of surah across ajza', with the length of the bar corresponding to a surah being proportionate to the number of letters of the surah in the juz divided by the total number of letters in the juz. ColorArabic.png
Distribution of surah across ajzāʼ, with the length of the bar corresponding to a surah being proportionate to the number of letters of the surah in the juz divided by the total number of letters in the juz.

Table

Surah
#Arabic title(s)Romanized title(s)English title(s)Number of versesNumber of RukūʿsClassificationNote on Revelation Location and PeriodEgyptian Standard Chronological Order [5] [6] [7] Muqatta'at (isolated letters) [3] Title refers toTopics and ThemesNumber of SajdahNumber of pages
1،الفاتحة

أم الكتاب، أم القرآن، السبع المثاني، الحمد، الشفاء، سورة الصلاة، الأساس

Al-Fātiḥah

aka: Umm ul-Kitab, Umm ul-Qur'an, As-Sab' ul-Mathani, Al-Hamd, Ash-Shifa', Surat As-Salah, Al-'Asas

The Opening

aka: Mother of the Book, Mother of the Koran, The Oft-Recited Seven, Praise, The Cure, Chapter of the Prayer, The Foundation

71MeccanEarly Mecca phase (610-618 AD)5Whole Surah [8]
  • The fundamental principles of the Qur'an in a condensed form. [8]
  • A prayer to God which encompasses all needs.
0.5
2 البقرة Al-Baqara The Cow28640MedinanMedina phase (622 - 632 AD). Except 281 from Mina at the time of the Last Hajj87Alif Lam Mimv. 67-73 [8] 048
3 آل عمران Ali Imran The House of Imran 20020MedinanMedina phase (622 - 632 AD)89Alif Lam Mimv. 33, 35 [8] 027
4 النساء An-Nisa' Women17624MedinanMedina phase (622 - 632 AD)92Whole Surah [8]
  • Unity of the human race and the mutual obligations of men and women towards one another (v. 1) [8]
  • Questions related to family life (including marriage and inheritance) and emphasis on justice [8]
  • Rights of women [8]
  • Peace and war and the hypocrites [8]
  • People of the Book
029
5 المائدة Al-Ma'ida The Table Spread12016MedinanMedina phase (622 - 632 AD). Except 3, revealed at Arafat on Last Hajj112v. 112-114 [8] 022
6 الأنعام Al-An'am Cattle16520MeccanMiddle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD). Except 20, 23, 91, 93, 114, 151, 152, 153, from Medina55v. 136ff. [8]
  • Oneness and uniqueness of God [8]
  • Refutation of the polytheists
  • Refutation of Pre-Islamic superstitions concerning animals, then countered with Islamic values [8]
023
7 الأعراف Al-A'raf The Heights20624MeccanMiddle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD). Except 163-170, from Medina39Alif Lam Mim Sadv. 46, 48 [8] 126
8 الأنفال Al-Anfal Spoils of War7510MedinanMedina phase (622 - 632 AD). Except 30-36 from Mecca88v. 1 [8] 010
9،التوبة

البراءة

At-Tawba

aka: Al-Bara'a

Repentance

aka: The Absolution

12916MedinanMedina phase (622 - 632 AD). Except last two verses from Mecca113
  • How and why to fight the unbelievers
  • Criticism of corrupt religious leaders
  • Trials during wartime and the fitna of the hypocrites
  • Who can receive charity
  • Loyalty and obedience to God and his Prophet
021
10 يونس Yunus Jonah 10911MeccanMiddle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD). Except 40, 94, 95, 96, from Medina51Alif Lam Rav. 98 [8]
  • Divine origin of the Qur'an and that Muhammad did not fabricate it (v. 15-17, 37-38, 94) [8]
  • Response to challenges made by the Meccan polytheists
  • All creatures will return to God
  • Futility of conjecture (Polytheism is dismissed as conjecture)
  • How different people respond to guidance:
    • Noah's people reject guidance altogether
    • Pharaoh believes when it is too late
    • Jonah's people believed and were saved
013
11 هود Hud Hud 12310MeccanMiddle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD). Except 12, 17, 114, from Medina52Alif Lam Rav. 50-60
  • Continuation of refutation of the polytheists
  • Stories of past prophets' struggles to comfort and encourage the Prophet and the believers:
015
12 يوسف Yusuf Joseph 11112MeccanMiddle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD). Except 1, 2, 3, 7, from Medina53Alif Lam RaWhole Surah
  • The story of Joseph (an illustration of God's unfathomable direction of men's affairs; a comfort to the Prophet and believers in the Year of Sadness) [8]
014
13 الرعد Ar-Ra'd Thunder436MedinanMedina phase (622 - 632 AD)96Alif Lam Mim Rav. 13 [8]
  • God's majesty reflected in the natural wonders of creation
  • Revelation and the concequences of accepting or rejecting it [8]
16
14 إبراهيم Ibrahim Abraham 527MeccanLate Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD). Except 28, 29, from Medina72Alif Lam Rav. 35-41 [8]
  • Revelation to lead mankind from darkness to light [8]
  • Gratitude and ingratitude to God's blessings
  • Patience and trust in God
  • The severity of God's punishments
  • Abraham's prayers
07
15 الحجر Al-Hijr The City of Stone or The Rocky Plain996MeccanMiddle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD). Except 87, from Medina54Alif Lam Rav. 80 [8]
  • Inevitability of God's decree
  • Responses to challenges of the polytheists
  • Creation of Adam and Iblis's refusal to bow
  • Angels bring Abraham good news of Isaac and the story of Lot
  • Mention of Midian and Thamud
  • Reminder to the Prophet to have forbearance and resolution
05
16،النحل

النعم

An-Nahl

aka: An-Ni'em

The Bee

aka: The Blessings

12816MeccanLate Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD). Except the last three verses from Medina70v. 68-69 [8]
  • The many wonders of creation and God's blessings on man [8]
  • Rejection of polytheism and warnings to the polytheists
  • Importance of uprightness and keeping oaths
115
17،الإسراء

بني إسراءيل، سبحان

Al-Isra'

aka: Bani Isra'eel, Subhan

The Night Journey

aka: The Children of Israel, Glory

11112MeccanMiddle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD). Except 26, 32, 33, 57, 73-80, from Medina50v. 1 [8] 111
18 الكهف Al-Kahf The Cave11012MeccanLate Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD). Except 28, 83-101, from Medina69v. 13-20 [8]
  • A series of parables or allegories on the theme of faith in God versus excessive attachment to the life of this world. Including: [8]
    • The men of the cave (v. 13-20) [8]
    • The rich man and the poor man (v. 32-44) [8]
    • Moses and the unnamed sage (v. 60-82) [8]
    • The allegory of Dhul-Qarnayn (v. 83-98) [8]
011
19 مريم Maryam Mary 986MeccanMiddle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD). Except 58 and 71, from Medina44Kaf Ha Ya 'Ain Sadv. 16-37 [8] 17
20 طه Ta-Ha Ta-Ha 1358MeccanMiddle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD). Except 130 and 131, from Medina45Ta Ha [notes 1] v. 1 [8]
  • The guidance offered by God through His prophets [8]
  • The fundamental truths inherent in all revealed religions are identical [8]
    • The story of Moses (v. 9-98) [8]
010
21 الأنبياء Al-Anbiya' The Prophets1127MeccanLate Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD)73v. 48-91 [8]
  • The oneness, uniqueness and transcendence of God [8]
  • The continuity and intrinsic unity of all divine revelation [8]
    • Stories of the prophets of old (v. 48-91) [8]
    • The believers of all faiths belong to one single community (v. 92) [8]
010
22 الحج Al-Hajj The Pilgrimage7810MedinanMedina phase (622 - 632 AD). Except 52-55, revealed between Mecca and Medina103v. 25-38 [8]
  • The Mecca pilgrimage and some of the rituals connected with it (v. 25-38) [8]
210
23 المؤمنون Al-Mu'minoon The Believers1186MeccanLate Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD)74v. 1 [8]
  • True faith [8]
  • The evidence of the existence of an almighty Creator, and man's ultimate responsibility before Him [8]
  • The unity of all religious communities, broken by man's egotism, greed and striving after power (v. 52-53) [8]
  • The impossibility to believe in God, without believing in life after death [8]
08
24 النور An-Nur Light649MedinanMedina phase (622 - 632 AD)102v. 35 [8]
  • Mutual relations and ethical rules between men and women [8]
  • The mystic parable of the ‘light of God’ ("Verse of Light"). (v. 35) [8]
010
25 الفرقان Al-Furqan The Criterion776MeccanMiddle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD). Except 68-70, from Medina42v. 1 [8]
  • The purpose of every divine revelation is to provide a stable criterion of true and false [8]
  • The humanness of every apostle sent by God to man (v. 20) [8]
  • Divine revelation belongs to God's creative activity [8]
17
26 الشعراء Ash-Shu'ara The Poets22711MeccanMiddle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD). Except 197 and 224-227, from Medina47Ta Sin Mimv. 224 [8]
  • Man's weakness, which causes him to reject God's message, and worship power and wealth, etc. [8]
010
27 النمل An-Naml The Ants937MeccanMiddle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD)48Ta Sinv. 18 [8] 19
28 القصص Al-Qasas The Story889MeccanMiddle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD). Except 52-55 from Medina and 85 from Juhfa at the time of the Hijra49Ta Sin Mimv. 25 [8]
  • Human aspects of the life of Moses [8]
011
29 العنكبوت Al-Ankabut The Spider697MeccanLate Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD).

Except 1-11, from Medina

85Alif Lam Mimv. 41 [8]
  • The parable of ‘the spider house’, a symbol of false beliefs that are destined to be blown away by the winds of truth (v. 41) [8]
09
30 الروم Ar-Rum Byzantium 606MeccanLate Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD).

Except 17, from Medina

84Alif Lam Mimv. 1 [8]
  • Predictions of the near victory of the Byzantines [over the Persians] and the Battle of Badr (2 A.H.) (v. 1-7) [8]
  • God's ability to resurrect the dead at the end of time, and the people's ignorance of this [8]
07
31 لقمان Luqman Luqman 344MeccanMiddle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD). Except 27-29, from Medina57Alif Lam Mimv. 12-19 [8]
  • The story of Luqman, a legendary sage, counselling his son (v. 12-19) [8]
04
32،السجدة

المضاجع، الم تنزيل

As-Sajda

aka: Al-Madaji', Alif Lam Meem Tanzeel

Prostration

aka: The Beds, Alif Lam Meem Revelation

303MeccanLate Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD). Except 16-20, from Medina75Alif Lam Mimv. 15 [8]
  • God's creation [11]
  • God's revelation and man's acceptance or denial [11]
  • The Day of Judgement [11]
13
33 الأحزاب Al-Ahzab The Confederates739MedinanMedina phase (622 - 632 AD)90v. 9-27 [8] 010
34 سبأ Saba' Sheba 546MeccanMiddle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD)58v. 15-20 [8]
  • The insignificance of the knowledge accessible to man (v. 9) [8]
  • The story of the people of Sheba, as an example of the impermanence of human power, wealth and glory (v. 15-20) [8]
  • Always be conscious of God (v. 46) [8]
07
35،فاطر

الملائكة

Fatir

aka: Al-Mala'ika

The Originator

aka: Angels

455MeccanMiddle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD)43v. 1 [8]
  • God's power to create and resurrect [8]
  • God's revelation of His will through His prophets [8]
06
36 يس Ya Seen Ya Seen 835MeccanMiddle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD). Except 45, from Medina41Ya Sin [notes 2] v. 1 [8]
  • Man's moral responsibility, resurrection and God's judgment. [8]
  • To be recited over the dying and in the prayers of the dead. [8]
06
37 الصافات As-Saffat Those Ranged in Ranks1825MeccanMiddle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD)56v. 1 [8]
  • Resurrection and the certainty that all human beings will have to answer before God. [8]
  • Man's constant need of prophetic guidance. [8]
    • Stories of earlier prophets. (v. 75-148) [8]
07
38،ص

داوود

Sad

aka: Dawood

Sad

aka: David

885MeccanMiddle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD)38Sadv. 1 [8]
  • Divine guidance and its rejection by those who are lost in fast pride. [8]
15
39،الزمر

الغرف

Az-Zumar

aka: Al-Ghuraf

The Crowds

aka: The Dwellings

758MeccanMiddle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD)59v. 71, 73 [8]
  • The evidence of the existence and oneness of God in all manifestations of nature. [8]
  • God forgives all sins to him who repents before his death. [8]
  • Allegories of the Last Hour and the Day of Judgment. [8]
09
40،غافر

المؤمن، الفضل

Ghafir

aka: Al-Mu'min, Al-Fadhl

The Forgiver

aka: The Believer, Bounty

859MeccanMiddle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD). Except 56, 57, from Medina60Ha Mimv. 3 [8]
  • Man's false pride, worship of false values (wealth, power etc.) and his denial of divine guidance. [8]
    • Stories of earlier prophets. [8]
010
41،فصلت

حم سجدة، المصابيح، الأقوات

Fussilat

aka: Ha Meem Sajda, Al-Masabeeh, Al-Aquat

Expounded

aka: Ha Meem Prostration, Lamps, Means of Sustenance

546MeccanLate Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD)61Ha Mimv. 3 [8]
  • Man's acceptance or rejection of divine revelation. [8]
16
42،الشورى

حم عسق

Ash-Shura

aka: Ha Meem 'Ain Seen Coff

Counsel

aka: Ha Meem Ain Seen Coff

535MeccanLate Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD). Except 23, 24, 25, 27, from Medina62Ha Mim 'Ain Sin Qafv. 36 [8]
  • God is undefinable and unfathomable. (v. 11, 16) [8]
  • All prophets taught the oneness of God, so all believers of all ‘denominations’ should see themselves as ‘one single community’. (v. 13, 15) [8]
  • The law of cause and effect: In the life to come man will only harvest ‘what his own hands have wrought’ in this world. [8]
06
43 الزخرف Az-Zukhruf Gold Ornaments897MeccanLate Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD). Except 54, from Medina63Ha Mimv. 35 [8]
  • To equal anyone or anything with God is spiritually destructive and logically unacceptable. [8]
  • People's blind adherence to the faith of their forefathers. (v. 22-23) [8]
07
44 الدخان Ad-Dukhan Smoke593MeccanLate Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD)64Ha Mimv. 10 [8]
  • Through revelation worldly pride is eventually brought to naught. [11]
03
45،الجاثية

الشريعة

Al-Jathiya

aka: Ash-Shari'a

Kneeling

aka: The Clear Path

374MeccanLate Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD). Except 14, from Medina65Ha Mimv. 28 [8]
  • The humility with which all human beings will face their final judgment on resurrection. (v. 28) [8]
04
46 الأحقاف Al-Ahqaf The Sand Dunes354MeccanLate Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD). Except 10, 15, 35, from Medina66Ha Mimv. 21 [8] 05
47،محمد

القتال

Muhammad

aka: Al-Qital

Muhammad

aka: Fighting

384MedinanMedina phase (622 - 632 AD). Except 13, revealed during Muhammad's Hijrah95v. 2 [8]
  • Fighting (qital) in God's cause. [8]
04
48 الفتح Al-Fath Victory294MedinanMedina phase (622 - 632 AD).Revealed while returning from Hudaybiyya111v. 1 [8] 05
49 الحجرات Al-Hujurat The Private Chambers182MedinanMedina phase (622 - 632 AD)106v. 4 [8]
  • Social ethics [8]
    • Reverence to Muhammad and the righteous leaders after him. [8]
    • The brotherhood of all believers and all mankind. (v. 10, 13) [8]
    • The difference between true faith and outward observance of religious formalities. (v. 14 ff.) [8]
03
50،ق

الباسقات

Qaf

aka: Al-Basiqat

Qaf

aka: Towering

453MeccanMiddle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD). Except 38, from Medina34Qafv. 1 [8]
  • Death and resurrection. [8]
  • God is closer to man than his neck-vein. (v. 16) [11]
03
51 الذاريات Adh-Dhariyat The Scattering Winds603MeccanLate Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD)67v. 1 [8] 03
52 الطور At-Tur The Mountain 492MeccanLate Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD)76v. 1 [8] 03
53 النجم An-Najm The Star623MeccanEarly Mecca phase (610-618 AD). Except 32, from Medina23v. 1 [8]
  • Muhammad's experience of an ascension to heaven (Mi’raj, including his vision of the Sidrat al-Muntaha, the Lote-Tree of the Extremity). (v. 13-18) [8]
13
54،القمر

اقتربت الساعة

Al-Qamar

aka: Iqtarabat As-Sa'a

The Moon

aka: The Hour Has Drawn Near

553MeccanMiddle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD). Except 44-46, from Medina37v. 1 [8] 03
55 الرحمن Ar-Rahman The Compassionate783MedinanMedina phase (622 - 632 AD)97v. 1 [8] 03
56 الواقعة Al-Waqi'a The Inevitable963MeccanMiddle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD). Except 81 and 82, from Medina46v. 1 [8] 03
57 الحديد Al-Hadid Iron294MedinanMedina phase (622 - 632 AD)94v. 25 [8] 04
58،المجادلة

الظهار

Al-Mujadila

aka: Eth-Thihar

She who Disputes

aka: Zihar

223MedinanMedina phase (622 - 632 AD)105v. 1 [8]
  • Divorce [8]
  • Faith and denial [8]
  • Hypocrisy [8]
  • The attitude believers should have toward non-believers. [8]
03
59،الحشر

بنو نضير

Al-Hashr

aka: Banu Nadeer

The Gathering

aka: Banu Nadir

243MedinanMedina phase (622 - 632 AD)101v. 2 [8]
  • The conflict between the Muslim community and the Jewish tribe of Banu’n-Nadir of Medina. [8]
03.5
60،الممتحنة

الامتحان، المودة

Al-Mumtahina

aka: Al-Imtihan, Al-Mawada

She who is Examined

aka: The Examination, Affection

132MedinanMedina phase (622 - 632 AD)91v. 10 [8]
  • The believers’ relations with unbelievers. [8]
02.5
61،الصف

الحواريون، عيسى

As-Saff

aka: Al-Hawariyoon, Esa

The Ranks

aka: The Apostles, Jesus

142MedinanMedina phase (622 - 632 AD)109v. 4 [8]
  • A call to unity between professed belief and actual behaviour. [8]
01.5
62 الجمعة Al-Jumu'a The Congregation112MedinanMedina phase (622 - 632 AD)110v. 9-10 [8] 01.5
63 المنافقون Al-Munafiqun The Hypocrites112MedinanMedina phase (622 - 632 AD)104Whole Surah [8]
  • Hypocrisy. [8]
01.5
64 التغابن At-Taghabun Mutual Dispossession182MedinanMedina phase (622 - 632 AD)108v. 9 [8] 02
65،الطلاق

سورة النساء القصرى

At-Talaq

aka: Surat An-Nisa' Al-Qusra

Divorce

aka: The Shorter Chapter of Women

122MedinanMedina phase (622 - 632 AD)99Whole Surah
  • Divorce (waiting period, remarriage). [8]
02
66،التحريم

لما تحرم، المتحرم، سورة النبي

At-Tahrim

aka: Lima Tuharrim, Al-Mutaharrim, Surat An-Nabi

Forbiddance

aka: Why do you Forbid?, The Forbidden, Chapter of the Prophet

122MedinanMedina phase (622 - 632 AD)107v. 1 [8]
  • Certain aspects of Muhammad's personal and family life. [8]
02
67،الملك

تبارك، تبارك الذي بيده الملك، المانع، المنجية

Al-Mulk

aka: Tabarak, Tabarak Aladhee Biyedihi Al-Mulk, Al-Mani', Al-Munjiyya

Dominion

aka: Blessed, Blessed is the One who Holds the Dominion, The Shield, The Savior

302MeccanLate Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD)77v. 1 [8]
  • Man's inability to understand the mysteries of the universe, and his dependence on guidance through divine revelation. [8]
02.5
68 القلم Al-Qalam The Pen522MeccanEarly Mecca phase (610 - 618 AD). Except 17-33 and 48-50, from Medina2Nunv. 1 [8] 02
69 الحاقة Al-Haqqa The Undeniable Reality522MeccanLate Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD)78v. 102
70،المعارج

المواقع، سأل

Al-Ma'arij

aka: Al-Mawaqi', Sa'ala

The Ascending Ways

aka: The Impending Matters, Someone Asked

442MeccanLate Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD)79v. 3 [8]
  • The unwillingness to believe, caused by the restlessness inherent in human nature. [8]
02
71 نوح Nuh Noah 282MeccanLate Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD)71Whole Surah
  • The story of Noah. [8]
    • The struggle against blind materialism and the lack of spiritual values. [8]
01.5
72 الجن Al-Jinn The Jinn 282MeccanMiddle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD)40v. 1 [8] 02
73 المزمل Al-Muzzammil The Enwrapped One202MeccanEarly Mecca phase (610 - 618 AD). Except 10, 11 and 20, from Medina3v. 1 [8] 01.5
74 المدثر Al-Muddathir The Covered One562MeccanEarly Mecca phase (610-618 AD)4v. 1 [8]
  • This short early surah outlines almost all fundamental Qur'anic concepts. [8]
02
75،القيامة

لا أقسم

Al-Qiyama

aka: La Uqsimu

Resurrection

aka: I Swear

402MeccanMiddle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD)31v. 1 [8]
  • The concept of resurrection. [8]
01
76،الإنسان

هل أتى، الدهر، الأبرار

Al-Insan

aka: Hal Ataa, Ad-Dahr, Al-Abrar

The Human

aka: Hasn't There Come?, Endless Time, The Pious

312MedinanMedina phase (622 - 632 AD)98v. 1 [8] 02
77 المرسلات Al-Mursalat Those Sent Forth502MeccanMiddle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD). Except 48, from Medina33v. 1 [8]
  • The gradual revelation of the Qur'an. [8]
01.5
78،النبأ

المعصرات، التساءل

An-Naba'

aka: Al-Mu'sirat, At-Tasa'ul

The Tiding

aka: Rain Clouds, Questioning one Another

402MeccanLate Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD)80v. 2 [8]
  • Life after death. [8]
  • Resurrection and God's ultimate judgment. [8]
01.5
79،النازعات

الساهرة، الطامة

An-Nazi'at

aka: Es-Sahira, Et-Tomma

The Snatchers

aka: The Wide Expanse, The Calamity

462MeccanLate Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD)81v. 1 [8] 01.5
80،عبس

الصاخة، السفرة

Abasa

aka: As-Saakha, As-Saffara

He Frowned

aka: The Piercing Cry, The Scribes

421MeccanEarly Mecca phase (610-618 AD)24v. 1 [8] 01
81 التكوير At-Takawir The Enfolding291MeccanEarly Mecca phase (610-618 AD)7v. 1 [8]
  • The Last Hour and man's resurrection. [8]
01
82 الإنفطار Al-Infitar The Splitting191MeccanLate Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD)82v. 1 [8] 01
83 المطففين Al-Mutaffifeen The Defrauders361MeccanLate Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD)86v. 1 [8] 01
84،الإنشقاق

انشقت

Al-Inshiqaq

aka: Inshaqat

The Bursting Open

aka: Burst Open

251MeccanLate Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD)83v. 1 [8] 11
85 البروج Al-Burooj The Constellations221MeccanEarly Mecca phase (610-618 AD)27v. 1 [8] 01
86 الطارق At-Tariq The Night Visitant or The Morning Star171MeccanMiddle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD)36v. 1 [8] 0.5
87 الأعلى Al-A'la The Highest191MeccanEarly Mecca phase (610-618 AD)8v. 1 [8] 0.5
88 الغاشية Al-Ghashiya The Overwhelming Event261MeccanLate Mecca phase (620 - 622 AD)68v. 1 [8] 01
89 الفجر Al-Fajr The Dawn301MeccanEarly Mecca phase (610-618 AD)10v. 1 [8] 01
90 البلد Al-Balad The City201MeccanMiddle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD)35v. 1 [8] 0.5
91 الشمس Ash-Shams The Sun151MeccanEarly Mecca phase (610-618 AD)26v. 1 [8] 0.5
92 الليل Al-Lail The Night211MeccanEarly Mecca phase (610-618 AD)9v. 1 [8] 0.5
93 الضحى Ad-Dhuha The Morning Brightness111MeccanEarly Mecca phase (610-618 AD)11v. 1 [8]
  • Man's suffering and God's justice. [8]
  • A message of hope and consolation is given to man from Allah's past mercies.
  • Man is bidden to pursue the path of goodness and proclaim the bounties of Allah.
0.5
94،الشرح

الانشراح

Ash-Sharh

aka: El-Inshirah

Expansion

aka: Solace

81MeccanEarly Mecca phase (610-618 AD)12v. 10.5
95 التين At-Teen The Fig81MeccanEarly Mecca phase (610-618 AD)28v. 1 [8]
  • A fundamental moral verity, common to all true religious teachings. [8]
0.5
96،العلق

اقرأ

Al-Alaq

aka: Ikra'

The Blood Clot

aka: Read!

191MeccanEarly Mecca phase (610-618 AD)1v. 2 [8]
  • The first five verses revealed to Muhammad. (v. 1-5) [8]
1.5
97 القدر Al-Qadr The Night of Power51MeccanEarly Mecca phase (610-618 AD)25v. 1 [8] 0.5
98،البينة

لم يكن

Al-Bayyina

aka: Lam Yakun

The Clear Proof

aka: They will Not

81MedinanMedina phase (622 - 632 AD)100v. 1 [8] 0.5
99 الزلزلة Az-Zalzala The Earthquake81MedinanMedina phase (622 - 632 AD)93v. 1 [8] 0.5
100 العاديات Al-'Adiyat The Chargers111MeccanEarly Mecca phase (610-618 AD)14v. 1 [8] 0.5
101 القارعة Al-Qari'a The Catastrophe111MeccanEarly Mecca phase (610-618 AD)30v. 1 [8] 0.5
102 التكاثر At-Takathur Vying for Increase81MeccanEarly Mecca phase (610-618 AD)16v. 1 [8]
  • Man's greed and tendencies. [8]
0.5
103 العصر Al-'Asr Time31MeccanEarly Mecca phase (610-618 AD)13v. 1 [8] 0.33
104 الهمزة Al-Humaza The Slanderer91MeccanMiddle Mecca phase (618 - 620 AD)32v. 1 [8] 0.33
105 الفيل Al-Feel The Elephant51MeccanEarly Mecca phase (610-618 AD)19v. 1 [8] 0.33
106 قريش Quraysh Quraysh 41MeccanEarly Mecca phase (610-618 AD)29v. 1 [8]
  • The Quraysh, custodians of the Kaaba, should be thankful to God for protecting them from hunger and danger. [11]
0.33
107 الماعون Al-Ma'oon Assistance71MeccanEarly Mecca phase (610-618 AD). Only 1-3 from Mecca; the rest from Medina17v. 7 [8]
  • The meaning of true worship through sincere devotion and helping those in need. [11]
0.33
108 الكوثر Al-Kawthar Abundance31MeccanEarly Mecca phase (610-618 AD)15v. 1 [8]
  • Spiritual riches through devotion and sacrifice.
  • Hatred results in the cutting off of all hope. [11]
0.33
109 الكافرون Al-Kafiroon Disbelievers61MeccanEarly Mecca phase (610-618 AD)18v. 1 [8]
  • The correct attitude towards those who reject faith. [11]
0.33
110 النصر An-Nasr Help31MedinanMedina phase (622 - 632 AD).Revealed at Mina on Last Hajj, but regarded as Medinan sura114v. 1 [8]
  • The last complete surah revealed before Muhammad's death. [8]
0.33
111،المسد

اللهب

Al-Masad

aka: Al-Lahab

Palm Fiber

aka: The Flame

51MeccanEarly Mecca phase (610-618 AD)6v. 5 [8] 0.33
112،الإخلاص

المنفرة، النجاة، المعرفة، المذكرة، نور القرآن

Al-Ikhlas

aka: Al-Munaffira, An-Najah, Al-Ma'rifa, Al-Mudhekira, Nur Al-Quran

Sincerity

aka: Casting Away, Deliverance, Recognition, The Reminder, Light of the Quran

41MeccanEarly Mecca phase (610-618 AD)22
  • The oneness of God. [8]
0.33
113 الفلق Al-Falaq Daybreak51MeccanEarly Mecca phase (610-618 AD)20v. 1 [8]
  • Seek refuge in God from evil of others. [11]
0.33
114 الناس An-Nas Mankind61MeccanEarly Mecca phase (610-618 AD)21v. 1 [8]
  • Trust in God's protection from temptations. [11]
0.33

See also

Notes

  1. 'Ta Ha' has also been interpreted as the invocation 'O man'. In this case, it is not counted as a Muqatta'at. Asad 1980 , Footnote to the verse.
  2. 'Ya Sin' has also been interpreted as the invocation 'O thou human being'. In this case, it is not counted as a Muqatta'at. Asad 1980 , Footnote to the verse.

Citations

  1. Asad 1980 , Introduction to Sura 1.
  2. https://www.scribd.com/doc/296556298/Who-Rearranged-the-Quran)
  3. 1 2 Asad 1980 , Appendix II.
  4. Nassourou, Mohamadou (2013) "The Qurʾanic verses : history, computer-supported reconstruction of the order of revelation, examining the concept of abrogation", AVM - Akademische Verlagsgemeinschaft, Munich, Germany, ISBN   978-3869244754
  5. Robinson, Neal (2003). Discovering the Qurʼan: A Contemporary Approach to a Veiled Text (PDF). Georgetown University Press. pp. 25–97. ISBN   1589010248.
  6. Qran.org: Quran Verses in Chronological Order
  7. Chronological Order of Quranic Surahs, by Kevin P. Edgecomb (2002).
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 Asad 1980 , Introduction to the Sura.
  9. Peters, F.E. (1993). A Reader on Classical Islam. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 176–177. ISBN   9781400821181.
  10. Gwynne, Rosalind Ward (2014). Logic, Rhetoric and Legal Reasoning in the Qur'an: God's Arguments . Routledge Studies in the Qur'an. Routledge, UK. ISBN   1134345003. pp. 1-2.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ali, Abdullah Yusuf (1934). The Holy Qur'an: Text, Translation and Commentary. Introduction to the Sura.
  12. Asad 1980 , Footnote(s) to the verse(s).

Related Research Articles

Surah division of Quran approximatively equivalent to chapter

A Surah is the term for a chapter of the Quran. There are 114 surahs in the Quran, each divided into verses (āyāt). The chapters or surahs are of unequal length; the shortest chapter (Al-Kawthar) has only three verses while the longest (Al-Baqara) contains 286 verses. Of the 114 chapters in the Quran, 86 are classified as Meccan, while 28 are Medinan. This classification is only approximate in regard to location of revelation; any chapter revealed after migration of Muhammad to Medina (Hijrah) is termed Medinan and any revealed before that event is termed Meccan. The Meccan chapters generally deal with faith and scenes of the Hereafter while the Medinan chapters are more concerned with organizing the social life of the nascent Muslim community and leading Muslims to the goal of Dar al-Islam by showing strength. Except for sura At-Tawba, all chapters or suras commence with 'In the Name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate'. This formula is known as the Bismillah and denotes the boundaries between chapters. The chapters are arranged roughly in order of descending size; therefore the arrangement of the Quran is neither chronological nor thematic. Suras (chapters) are recited during the standing portions (Qiyam) of Muslim prayers. Sura Al-Fatiha, the first chapter of the Quran, is recited in every unit of prayer and some units of prayer also involve recitation of all or part of any other sura.

Medinan surah surahs of the Quran supposed to have been revealed or composed in Medina (as opposed to Mecca), after the Hijra

The Madaniy Surahs or Madaniy chapters of the Quran are the latest 24 Surahs that, according to Islamic tradition, were revealed at Medina after Muhammad's hijra from Mecca. These surahs were revealed by Allah when the Muslim community was larger and more developed, as opposed to their minority position in Mecca.

Meccan surah surahs of the Quran supposed to have been revealed or composed in Mecca (as opposed to Medina), before the Hijra

The Meccan surahs are, according to Islamic tradition, the chronologically earlier chapters of the Qur'an that were revealed anytime before the migration of the Islamic prophet Muhammed and his followers from Mecca to Medina (Hijra). The Medinan surahs are those supposed revelations that occurred after the move to the city of that name.

Al-Qalam 68th chapter of the Quran

al-Qalam is the sixty-eighth chapter (sūrah) of the Qur'an with 52 verses (āyāt). The Surat describes Allah's justice and the judgment day. Three important themes of this Surah are response to the opponents objections, warning and admonition to the disbelievers, and exhortation of patience to the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Chronologically, this is the first appearance of any of the "disjointed" [i.e., single] letters (muqattaat) which precede a number of the surahs of the Qur'an while in Quranic Order this is the last surah to have the appearance of (muqattaat).

Al-Fil 105th chapter of the Quran

Sūrat al-Fīl is the 105th chapter (surah) of the Quran. It is a Meccan sura consisting of 5 verses. The surah is written in the interrogative form.

Al-Anfal 8th chapter of the Quran

al-Anfāl is the eighth chapter (sūrah) of the Qur'an, with 75 verses (āyāt). It is a Medinan sura, completed after the Battle of Badr. It forms a pair with the next sura, At-Tawba.

The Muqaṭṭaʿāt are combinations of between one and five Arabic letters figuring at the beginning of 29 out of the 114 chapters (surahs) of the Quran just after the Bismillāh Islamic phrase. The letters are also known as fawātiḥ (فَوَاتِح) or "openers" as they form the opening verse of their respective surahs.

Yūnus (sūrah) 10th chapter of the Quran

Yūnus is the 10th chapter (sūrah) of the Quran with 109 verses (āyāt). Yūnus is named after the prophet Jonah. Traditionally believed to have been formulated or revealed before the migration of the Islamic prophet Muhammed and his followers from Mecca to Medina (Hegira), as such, it is known as a Meccan surah.

Ṭā hā 20th chapter of the Quran

Ṭā Hā is the 20th chapter (sūrah) of the Qur'an with 135 verses (āyāt). It is named "Ṭā Hā" because the chapter starts with the "disconnected" or "mysterious" (Muqatta'at) Arabic letters: طه (Taha)

Saba (surah) 34th chapter of the Quran

Sabaʾ is the 34th chapter (sūrah) of the Qur'an with 54 verses (āyāt), and is a Meccan sura. It discusses the lives of Solomon and David, a story about the people of Sheba, challenges and warnings against the disbelievers as well as the promises related to the Day of Judgment.

Yā sīn 36th chapter of the Quran

yā sīn is the 36th chapter (sūrah) of the Quran. It has 83 verses (āyāt) and is one of the Meccan surahs, although some scholars maintain that verse 12 is from the Medinan period.

Al-Jathiya 45th chapter of the Quran

Sūrat al-Jāthiyah is the 45th sura (chapter) of the Qur'an with 37 ayat (verses). It is a Meccan chapter, revealed according to the Islamic tradition during the Meccan phase of Muhammad's prophethood. This is one of the seven chapters in the Qur'an that start with the Muqattaʿat Hāʼ Mīm. It contains discussions of "signs of God" for humankind to reflect on, and describes punishments for those who deny God despite the signs. It also contains the only Quranic verse mentioning sharia, a term which Muslims later use to refer to the Islamic law.

Al aḥqāf 46th chapter of the Quran

Al-Aḥqāf is the 46th chapter (surah) of the Qur'an with 35 verses (ayat). This is the seventh and last chapter starting with the letters ha-mim. It is one of the late Meccan chapters, except for verse 10 and possibly a few others which Muslims believe were revealed in Medina.

Al-Qaria 101st chapter of the Quran

Al-Qāriʻah is the 101st chapter (sūrah) of the Quran with 11 verses (āyāt). This chapter takes its name from its first word "qariah", referring to the Quranic view of the end time and eschatology. "Qariah" has been translated to calamity, striking, catastrophe, clatterer, etc. According to Ibn Kathir, a traditional exegete, Al-Qariah is one of the names of the Day of Judgement, like Al-Haaqqa, At-Tammah, As-Sakhkhah and others. After a picturesque depiction of judgement day in first 5 ayaat, next 4 ayat describe that Allah's Court will be established and the people will be called upon to account for their deeds. The people whose good deeds will be heavier, will be blessed with bliss and happiness, and the people whose good deeds will be lighter, will be cast into the burning fire of hell. The last 2 ayaat describe Háwíyah in similar emphatic way as Al-Qariah was emphasized in the beginning.

Ar-Rahman 55th chapter of the Quran

Sūrat ar-Raḥmān is the 55th surah of the Qur'an with 78 ayats.

Al-Waqia 56th chapter of the Quran

Al-Waqi'a is the 56th surah (chapter) of the Quran. Muslims believe it was revealed in Mecca. The total number of verses in this surah are 96. It mainly discusses the afterlife according to Islam, and the different fates people will face in it.

At-Taghabun 64th chapter of the Quran

Sūrat at-Taghābun is the 64th sura of the Quran with 18 verses. This "Meccan" Chapter opens with the words of glorification of God, it is part of Al-Musabbihat group. The theme of this Surah is an invitation to the Faith, obedience and the teaching of good morals. The previous Surah Al-Munafiqun was about hypocrisy and the lack of Iman. This surah is discussing the opposite of that.

Al-Jinn 72nd chapter of the Quran

Sūrat al-Jinn is the seventy-second chapter of the Quran with 28 verses. The name as well as the topic of this chapter is jinn. Similar to angels, the Jinn are spiritual beings invisible to the naked human eye. In the Quran, it is stated that humans are created from the earth and jinn from smokeless fire in more than one instance.

<i>Tadabbur-i-Quran</i>

Tadabbur-i-Qur'an is a tafsir (exegeses) of the Qur'an by Amin Ahsan Islahi based on the concept of thematic and structural coherence, which was originally inspired by Allama Hamiduddin Farahi. The tafsir is extended over nine volumes of six thousand pages. It was originally written in Urdu, but now it is being translated in English.

Luqman (sūrah) 31st chapter of the Quran

Sūrah Luqmān is the 31st chapter (sūrah) of the Muslim holy book, the Qur'an. It is composed of 34 verses (āyāt) and takes its title from the mention of the sage Luqman in verses 12–19. It was, according to Islamic tradition, revealed in the middle of Muhammad's Meccan period, and is thus usually classified as a Meccan sura.

References

Muhammad Asad Austro-Hungarian writer and academic

Muhammad Asad was a Jewish-born Austro-Hungarian, Pakistani Ambassador, Muslim journalist, traveler, writer, linguist, thinker, political theorist, diplomat and Islamic scholar. Asad was one of the most influential European Muslims of the 20th century.

International Standard Book Number Unique numeric book identifier

The International Standard Book Number (ISBN) is a numeric commercial book identifier which is intended to be unique. Publishers purchase ISBNs from an affiliate of the International ISBN Agency.