Monoethnicity

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Monoethnicity is the existence of a single ethnic group in a given region or country. It is the opposite of polyethnicity.

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An example of a largely monoethnic country is Japan. It is a common belief in Japan that the entire country is monoethnic, but a few ethnic minorities live in Japan (e.g. Koreans, Ainus, and Ryukyuans). [1] They represent around 1% of the whole population. [2]

South Korea is another monoethnic country. There are small ethnic minorities that exist in South Korea, where they account for around 1% of the South Korean population. These include around 650,000 Chinese immigrants. [3]

Most African countries have what would be considered a mono-racial society, but it is common to find dozens of ethnic groups within the same country.

The Yugoslav Wars are noted as having made Yugoslavia's successor states "de facto and de jure monoethnic nation-states", [4] with Bosnia and Herzegovina further diving itself into mono-ethnic enclaves. [5]

Because not all countries collect data on ethnicity, and the collection of data usually relies on self-reporting, it can be difficult to discern how monoethnic a country is.

Monoethnic countries with more than 85% homogenity

Sovereign states

RankCountryPopulationDominant group %NotesRef
1Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt 111,247,248 Egyptian 99.7% [6]
2Flag of Lesotho.svg  Lesotho 2,227,548 Basotho 99.7% [7]
3Flag of Algeria.svg  Algeria 47,022,473 Arab-Amazigh 99%Although almost all Algerians are Amazigh in origin and not Arab, only a minority identify themselves as primarily Amazigh [8]
4Flag of Bangladesh.svg  Bangladesh 168,697,184 Bengali 99% [9]
5Flag of Morocco.svg  Morocco 37,387,585 Arab-Amazigh 99%Does not include data from Western Sahara [10]
6Flag of Vanuatu.svg  Vanuatu 318,007 Ni-Vanuatu 99% [11]
7Flag of Armenia.svg  Armenia 2,976,765 Armenian 98.1% [12]
8Flag of Tunisia.svg  Tunisia 12,048,847 Arab 98% [13]
9Flag of Albania.svg  Albania 3,107,100 Albanian 98% [14]
10Flag of Japan.svg  Japan 123,201,945 Japanese 97.5% [15]
11Flag of Poland.svg  Poland 38,746,310 Polish 96.9%This number represents the percentage of people who indicated Polish as their primary ethnicity [16]
12Flag of Tonga.svg  Tonga 104,889 Tongan 96.5% [17]
13Flag of Kiribati.svg  Kiribati 116,545 I-Kiribati 95.78% [18]
14Flag of the Marshall Islands.svg  Marshall Islands 82,011 Marshallese 95.6% [19]
15Flag of Cambodia.svg  Cambodia 17,063,669 Khmer 95.4% [20]
16Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg  Solomon Islands 726,799 Melanesian 95.4% [21]
17Flag of Lebanon.svg  Lebanon 5,364,482 Arab 95% [22]
18Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal 10,207,177 Portuguese 95% [23]
19Flag of Nauru.svg  Nauru 9,892 Nauruan 94.6% [24]
20Flag of Azerbaijan.svg  Azerbaijan 10,650,239 Azerbaijani 91.6% [25]
21Flag of Croatia.svg  Croatia 4,150,116 Croatian 91.6% [26]
22Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 1,416,043,270 Han Chinese 91.1% [27]
23Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg  Saudi Arabia 36,544,431 Arab 90% [28]
24Flag of Romania.svg  Romania 18,148,155 Romanian 89.3%Data represents only those who declared an ethnicity in the 2021 census [29]
25Flag of Turkmenistan.svg  Turkmenistan 5,744,151 Turkmen 87.6% [30]
26Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia 4,900,961 Georgian 86.8% [31]
27Flag of Vietnam.svg  Vietnam 105,758,975 Viet 85.3% [32]

Unrecognized states and dependent territories

CountryPopulationDominant group %Ref
Flag of Palestine.svg  Palestine 5,483,450 Palestinian Arab 91% [33] [34]
Flag of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.svg  Northern Cyprus 265,100 Turkish Cypriots 99.2% [35]
Flag of Somaliland.svg  Somaliland 3,500,000 Somalis 99% [36]
Flag of the Republic of China.svg  Republic of China (Taiwan) 23,347,374 Han Chinese 97% [37] [38]
Flag of Hong Kong.svg  Hong Kong 7,249,907 Cantonese people and Taishanese people 92% [39]
Flag of Kosovo.svg  Kosovo 1,586,659 Albanians 92% [40]
Flag of Greenland.svg  Greenland 55,877 Inuit 89.7% [41]
Flag of South Ossetia.svg  South Ossetia 53,532 Ossetians 89.9% [42]
Flag of Macau.svg  Macau 614,458 Cantonese people and Macanese people 88.7% [43]
Flag of Aland.svg  Åland 30,696 Ålanders 86.5% [44]

See also

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