Ethnic pornography

The Diary Maid's Delight, by Thomas Rowlandson

Lesbian Games, anonymous lithograph, 1840, 18x23, 5 cm. (Two white women and a black woman engaging in sexual activity on a sofa)

Ethnic pornography is a genre of pornography featuring performers of specific ethnic groups, or depictions of interracial sexual activity. ^[1]

Productions can feature any type of ethnic group; however, the most commonly marketed ethnic genres involve Asian women, ^[2] Latino women, and black women, most often paired with white men. ^[3]

Demographics

The most prevalent form of ethnic pornography is that which involves Asian females. According to Christopher Mcgahan, pornographic websites depicting Asian female actresses outnumber almost all other forms of hardcore pornography. ^[2] Websites explicitly depicting Latina or black women are also commonly found; however, ethnic pornography featuring white women tends to be more obscure and found within the ambiguous "interracial" category; few websites mark "white" as a distinct racial category. ^[2]

According to a 2019 study published in Archives of Sexual Behavior , the most common form of interracial pornography involves white men paired with either Asian, Latina, or black women. In terms of "most watched" videos, the most common form was white men with Latina women. Interracial videos involving black and white individuals were equally distributed across gender pairings, at 15.1%. White women were present in 37.2% of all videos (including non-interracial pornography), while white male actors were present in 55.2% of all videos. ^[3]

"Hijab pornography"

2022 content analysis study

In a 2022 study published in Violence Against Women (Sage Journals), Mirzaei et al. investigated the increase in interest for HPVs ("hijab pornographic videos", defined by the authors as films portraying at least one female performer as wearing a head covering in a way that "accentuates Muslim women's culturally specific way of dressing"). The authors contended this type of pornography to be distinct from "race porn", due to the potency of head coverings in such films as a marker of religious identity rather than what the authors identify as inherently racial (skin colour given as the example). ^[4]

Using the search term "hijab porn", the authors gathered 50 professional-looking HPVs from four named popular porn sites. The videos were restricted to exclude non-English-language speech. ^{[4] : 1435} The authors analysed aggression, objectification, exploitation, and agency (tables below contain specific numerical data). The following comparisons against previous studies were made:

Prevalence of "aggression" in HPVs according to Mirzaei et al. (2022) ^{[4] : 1428}

Act	Frequency (% of videos)
Gagging	44
Spanking	38
Pushing	24
"Insulting" (e.g. "whore")	22
Confining	20
Slapping	14
"Verbal threatening" (e.g. when "a husband threatened his wife that he would whip her again if she continued to cheat on him")	10
Choking	10
"Hate speech" (e.g. "Muslim bitch")	6
"Torturing" (e.g. waterboarding)	2
Whipping	2

With regard to aggression, the authors noted that the eminence of spanking and gagging as the most frequent acts was consistent with similar studies. In contrast, the authors noted that the proportion of aggression targets being women was "much higher than figures given by recent studies". ^{[4] : 1431–1432}

Prevalence of "objectification" in HPVs according to Mirzaei et al. (2022) ^{[4] : 1429}

Indicator		Frequency (% of videos)
Focus on body parts and/or face	Mostly on male	0
	Mostly on female	100
	Equal focus	0
Fellatio		96
Cum shot		22
Creampie		10
Double penetration		6
Simultaneous stimulation of more than one man		4

With regard to objectification, the authors noted that the prevalence of fellatio was "significantly higher than the proportions reported in previous studies" and that in "almost all" depictions of a cum shot, semen was ejaculated onto the female's face whilst she was wearing a headscarf. The authors argued that "hijab seems to be the target of objectification". ^{[4] : 1432–1433}

Prevalence of "exploitation" in HPVs according to Mirzaei et al. (2022) ^{[4] : 1430}

Indicator		Frequency (% of videos)
Hierarchal status	Man in higher status (e.g. businessman vs. maid given as example)	50
	Woman in higher status (teacher vs. student)	10
	Equal status	6
	Unclear	34
Nonconsensual sex	Man is forced to have sex	0
	Woman is forced to have sex	32
Age gap (>20 years)	Man older	28
	Woman older	0
Exchange (sex for money)	Man exploited	2
	Woman exploited	14
Female "tricked" into having sex		2

With regard to exploitation, the authors contended that the results differed from those of other studies. In reference to a 2015 study, they noted the higher likelihood for women to be portrayed as lower in status. They noted that depictions of female submission in HPVs comprised housewives, cleaners, shoplifters, and impoverished people, but – unlike a referenced 2014 study – ^[5] not as students, models, tenants, waitresses, or employees. They noted that 16% of the depictions contained survival sex and 32% contained nonconsensual sex. They noted that nonconsensual sex "rarely occurred" in other studies. ^{[4] : 1433}

Prevalence of "agency" in HPVs according to Mirzaei et al. (2022) ^{[4] : 1431}

Indicator		Frequency (% of videos)
Dominance/submission	Man dominant (the woman being "predominantly in a bottom position or obedient")	98
	Woman dominant	2
	Equal	0
Pleasure	Focus on male pleasure	86
	Focus on female pleasure	2
	Equal focus	12
Reciprocity	Male orgasm	32
	Female orgasm	2
	Both	0
	Neither	66
Sexual experience	Man more experienced	56
	Woman more experienced	2
	Equal	42
Initiated sex	Man	72
	Woman	12
	Unclear	14
Stimulation of female genitalia by a male		28

With regard to agency, the authors noted that the androcentrism was "in accordance with the current literature". They noted that unlike in previous studies, female self-touch was "rarely observed" in the HPVs. They noted that the gap between male and female orgasm aligned with results in other studies. They noted that sex initiation skewed towards men more than in other studies. They noted that the gender disparity in sexual experience differed from that in other studies, referring to one female assertion of virginity, and one instance of male anger at a female performer "too clumsy at fellatio". ^{[4] : 1433–1434}

Interracial pornography in the United States

Interracial pornography features performers of differing racial and ethnic backgrounds and often employs ethnic and racial stereotypes in its depiction of performers. ^[6]

American stag films dated to the 1930s depict acts between black and white performers: Di Lauro and Rabin point to The Handy Man, The Hypnotist, and A Stiff Game, the last of which identifies its only male character as "Sambo". ^[7]

Behind the Green Door (1972) was one of the first pornographic films to feature sex between a white actress (Marilyn Chambers) and a black actor (Johnnie Keyes). ^[8]

In the past, some of American pornography's white actresses were allegedly warned to avoid African American males, both on-screen and in their personal lives. One rationale was the purportedly widespread belief that appearing in interracial pornography would ruin a white performer's career, although some observers have said that there is no evidence that this is true. Adult Video News critic Sheldon Ranz wrote in 1997 that:

We keep hearing a lot about "the powers that be" that tell white women that it's not in their "interest" to work with blacks. Is there any proof that Ginger's scene with Tony El-Lay in Undressed Rehearsal hurt her career? Nina Hartley still gets lots of bookings in Southern strip clubs, especially Texas, even though she is an avowed interracialist. ^[9]

Lexington Steele told The Root in a 2013 interview that white female performers who appear in interracial pornography may conceal their careers due to social pressure from their intimates. ^[10] According to a survey by Jon Millward, while 87% of porn actresses are willing to take a facial, only 53% will do interracial porn. ^{[11] [12]}

Alleged role of agents

Sophie Dee, prominent figure of the genre, said in a 2010 interview that she thought agents often pressure white female performers not to appear in interracial pornography. Dee said that they will be paid better for performing with black men and their careers will not be damaged in any way, pointing at positive examples of some Vivid Entertainment actresses. ^[13]

Aurora Snow noted in a 2013 article that the major factor preventing several white actresses from doing interracial scenes is "career anxiety" imposed by agents rather than their own racial bias. Tee Reel, male porn star and one of the few black agents in the U.S. industry, had a concurring opinion, saying, "In the business, some girls who say they don't do interracial, I've actually had sex with, off-camera." ^[14] Porn star Kristina Rose has alleged that some agents tell younger actresses that they will earn less from performing in interracial pornography to bar their involvement, although the opposite is true on a global level. ^[14]

Scholarly criticism

Jeskaya (left) and Sebastian Barrio (right)

In Chapter 3 of her book Porn Studies, Linda Williams, professor at the University of California, Berkeley, examines the film Crossing the Color Line starring Sean Michaels, a black actor, and Christi Lake, a white actress. ^{[15] : 273} In the interviews portion of the film, Michaels and Lake express how being "color-blind" is a progressive approach to interracial porn. ^{[15] : 273} Williams identifies a contradiction between these interviews and the subsequent performance, in which both actors make several references to the differences in skin color between them. ^{[15] : 273–277} For example, Lake refers to Michaels' genitalia as a "big black dick". ^{[15] : 274} Williams argues that by pointing out racial differences, race is being made the main point of intrigue for the audience, which perpetuates the exotification of racial differences. ^{[15] : 275–276} She argues that the eroticized sexual tension in interracial pornography dates back in American history to slavery. ^{[15] : 271}

Mireille Miller-Young, professor of feminist studies at University of California, Santa Barbara, argues that while the porn industry hypersexualizes African-American pornographic actresses, they are often paid less, hired less, and given less attention during health checks than their white counterparts. ^[16]

See also

• Erotica and pornography portal
• Human sexuality portal

• Asian fetish
• Cuckold fetish
• Miscegenation
• Misogynoir
• Pornography by region
• Racial fetishism

References

1. Lehman, Peter (2006). Pornography: Film and Culture. Rutgers University Press. p. 208. ISBN   9780813538716 . Retrieved December 2, 2011.
2. McGahan, Christopher L. (October 31, 2013). Racing Cyberculture: Minoritarian Art and Cultural Politics on the Internet. Routledge. p. 148. ISBN   978-1-135-86984-7.
3. Shor, Eran; Golriz, Golshan (April 1, 2019). "Gender, Race, and Aggression in Mainstream Pornography". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 48 (3): 739–751. doi:10.1007/s10508-018-1304-6. ISSN   1573-2800. PMID   30187150. S2CID   254266781.
4. Mirzaei, Yaser; Zare, Somayyeh; Morrison, Todd G. (May 1, 2022). "Hijab Pornography: A Content Analysis of Internet Pornographic Videos". Violence Against Women. 28 (6–7): 1420–1440. doi:10.1177/10778012211021125. ISSN   1077-8012. PMC   8941712 . PMID   34156884.  This article incorporates textfrom this source, which is available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
5. Vannier, Sarah A.; Currie, Anna B.; O'Sullivan, Lucia F. (April 1, 2014). "Schoolgirls and Soccer Moms: A Content Analysis of Free "Teen" and "MILF" Online Pornography". The Journal of Sex Research. 51 (258): 253–264. doi:10.1080/00224499.2013.829795. ISSN   0022-4499. PMID   24228745.
6. "Porn's Race Problem". Vocativ.com. September 1, 2015. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
7. Di Lauro, Al and Gerald Rabin. Dirty Movies: An Illustrated History of the Stag Film 1915-1970 Chelsea House Publishers, 1976. pp. 68, 71, 72, 130, 139, 152.
8. "Interracial porn pioneer Marilyn Chambers dead at 56". The Vancouver Sun . April 15, 2009. Archived from the original on April 16, 2009. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
9. Ranz, Sheldon (April 5, 1997). "Stars Who Refuse Interracial Scenes". Newsgroup:  rec.arts.movies.erotica . Retrieved July 6, 2007.
10. Goff, Keli (April 3, 2013). "Is the Porn Industry Racist?". The Root . Retrieved July 24, 2016.
11. Bell, Rachel (September 3, 2015). "James Deen Is Pissed Off About Racism in the Porn Industry". Vice . Archived from the original on April 3, 2016. Retrieved July 24, 2016.
12. "Deep Inside: A Study of 10,000 Porn Stars". Jonmillward.com. February 14, 2013. Retrieved April 20, 2016.
13. Loftus, Cindi (April 2010). "Xcitement Interviews: Sophie Dee". Xcitement Magazine. Archived from the original on June 30, 2010. Retrieved June 19, 2016. X: How do you feel about interracial porn in general? S: I think it's great. I think agents often pressure girls not to do it.
14. Snow, Aurora (March 5, 2013). "Interracial Sex Still Taboo for Many Porn Stars". The Daily Beast . Retrieved October 13, 2013.
15. Williams, Linda (2004). "Skin Flicks on the Racial Border: Pornography, Exploitation, and Interracial Lust". In Williams, Linda (ed.). Porn Studies. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press. ISBN   978-0-8223-3300-5.
16. Miller-Young, Mireille (2010). "Putting Hypersexuality to Work: Black Women and Illicit Eroticism in Pornography" (PDF). Sexualities . 13 (2): 219–235. doi:10.1177/1363460709359229. S2CID   143676229.

External links

• American Porn
• Mireille Miller-Young, Hardcore Desire: Black Women Laboring in Porn