Multiple-vehicle collision

"Pileup" redirects here. For other uses, see Pileup (disambiguation).

Aftermath of a multi-vehicle collision on the M4 Motorway in Sydney, Australia

A multiple vehicle collision (colloquially known as a pile-up or multi-car collision), ^[1] is a road traffic collision involving many vehicles. Generally occurring on high-capacity and high-speed routes such as freeways, they are one of the deadliest forms of traffic collisions.^{[ citation needed ]} The most disastrous pileups have involved more than a hundred vehicles.

Terminology

A chain collision can be defined as "an accident involving 3 or more vehicles in which one vehicle has only rear impact damage (i.e., the "lead" vehicle); one vehicle has only frontal damage; and all other vehicles have frontal and rear impact damage (these are the "middle" vehicles)". ^[2]

Statistics

British statistics

In Great Britain, statistics are available on the number of vehicles involved in crashes.

• In 2013, there were: 42,487 single-vehicle crashes, 82,429 dual-vehicle crashes, 13,744 crashes involving three or more vehicles (10%) for a total of 138,660 reported crashes. In crashes with three or more vehicles there were 228 motorists killed and 19 pedestrians killed.
• In 2020, there were: 25,730 single-vehicle crashes, 57,392 dual-vehicle crashes, 8,077 crashes involving three or more vehicles (9%) for a total of 91,199 reported crashes. In crashes with three or more vehicles there was 200 motorists killed (18% of all motorists killed) and 17 pedestrians killed (5% of all pedestrians killed). ^[3]

American statistics

In America, statistics are available from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS). ^[4]

• Between 2005 and 2021, there were 138 fatal crashes that involved at least 10 vehicles.
• Crashes involving more than 10 vehicles are over 100 times more likely to result in the deaths of at least five people compared to fatal crashes involving fewer than five vehicles. ^[5]
• More fatal pile-ups occur between 7 a.m. and 8 a.m. than during any other single hour. However, the most frequent time for these accidents is during the transition from late afternoon to early evening, with one-third of the pile-ups happening between 2 p.m. and 7 p.m.

Causes

Pile-ups generally occur in low-visibility conditions as drivers on freeways are following too closely and unable to adjust to road conditions.

Chain-reaction crashes can also occur in conditions of good visibility, when black ice or other road hazards are encountered unexpectedly as drivers round a curve or crest a hill. ^[1]

Multiple vehicle collisions can also occur when a third vehicle is too close to an initial collision to avoid hitting one or both of the vehicles. Due to the high traffic speeds on the road, if one car develops a problem and suddenly halts, ones behind it cannot stop in time and may hit it. Considering that these roads often have high traffic volumes, more cars are forced into braking and skidding, darting into other lanes and in front of other traffic; more vehicles become involved, creating a chain reaction effect.

Determining the cause of such collisions is difficult for investigators and it is often impossible to tell if negligence caused the crash. In spite of their frequency, little formal research has been done in the United States regarding their causes. ^[6]

Effects

Emergency services work on the scene of a multiple vehicle collision in Toronto.

Multiple-vehicle collisions are particularly deadly as the mass of crumpled vehicles makes escape for survivors difficult. Even if survivors are able to exit their vehicles, other cars may strike them. Individual vehicles in a multiple-vehicle collision are often hit multiple times at high speed, increasing the risk of injury to passengers who may have survived the first impact with the benefit of now-discharged protective airbags. Collisions after the initial collision may occur from the side of the vehicle, where the passenger compartment is more vulnerable.

A fire in one part of the collision can quickly spread via spilled gasoline and cover the entire crash area. Multiple-vehicle collisions can also overwhelm local emergency services making speedy rescues more difficult. If the collision takes place in a remote area, getting medical help to the scene can be difficult.

The destruction and intense heat of fires can also damage roadways, particularly by melting and burning the asphalt or spalling concrete surfaces. The structural steel of bridges and overpasses can also be weakened by the heat. A fiery pileup inside a tunnel is the most serious, as there is little means to escape the poisonous fumes and the confined heat may damage structural supports.

The large scale of these collisions can close highway routes for several days, or even longer if highway support structures are damaged.

Avoidance

A NHTSA report suggests that a vehicle fit with a center high-mounted stop lamps has 23.7% less risk to be involved as a lead vehicle in a chain collision while it has 16.0% less risk to be involved as a middle vehicle in such a chain collision. ^[2]

France

In France, in the ASFA motorway network, the out of all vehicle crashes with injuries, single vehicle crashes make up 42% of the total, dual vehicle crashes make up 41%, and crashes involving three or more vehicles make up 17%. ^[7]

Korea

On Korean expressways, chain crashes represent 10.7% of crashes with injuries involving truck drivers. On Korean rural roads, chain crashes represent 0.6% of crashes with injuries involving truck drivers. ^[8]

Major pileups

Main article: Lists of traffic collisions

Date	Location	Killed	Injured	Vehicles	Details
31 October 1965	United States (Greater Los Angeles area, California)	0	28	100+	A fog bank settled over Santa Ana Freeway and caused a chain reaction collision involving more than 100 cars in both directions. The crash caused 28 injuries. Two more separate chain collisions involving an additional 50 cars (also attributed to fog) occurred on Harbor Freeway that same day. [9]
29 November 1971	United Kingdom (Luton, England)	7	42	70	Due to fog, there was a pileup on the M1 just north of the A505 junction near Luton, United Kingdom. Fog warning lights, switched on at the advice of motorway patrols, were not active at the time of the pileup. 26 miles of the M1 motorway were closed for several hours in both directions. [10]
24 October 1973	United States (Secaucus, New Jersey)	9	40+	65	The heavy fog created a rapid reduction in visibility along the toll plaza stretch of the New Jersey Turnpike near Secaucus along the bank of the Hackensack River. Semi-trucks, cars, and even a coach bus were involved in the crashes. Smoke from a nearby fire also contributed to the low visibility. Local police and New Jersey State Police helped out in the search and rescue efforts. [11]
7 April 1982	United States (Berkeley Hills, California)	7	2	5+	An accident involving a gasoline tanker truck in the third (then-northernmost) bore set off the Caldecott Tunnel fire. [12] The accident caused major damage and the bore was closed to traffic for several months while repairs were made, with traffic temporarily reverting to the pre-third-bore configuration. During the fire, the tunnel acted as a natural chimney, venting the smoke, flames, and heat upward the eastern entrance to the tunnel. The accident and fire killed seven people, most of whom were overcome by toxic smoke. The fire occurred shortly after midnight when there were few cars in the tunnel; had it occurred during normal commute hours, hundreds could have died.
31 July 1982	France (Beaune, Côte-d'Or)	53		4	The Beaune coach crash in France, Europe, is considered the most fatal multiple vehicle road collision in France. 53 people died, including 46 children (44 on the coach and 2 in a car). [13] Legal consequences include the following: maximum speed limit for coaches reduced, the speed limit for all vehicles in rainy conditions reduced to 110 km/h (68 mph) on motorways and 80 km/h (50 mph) on other roads; [14] transporting groups of children forbidden during the busy weekends of late July and early August; and all heavy vehicles (such as HGVs and coaches) must be equipped with a mechanical speed-limitation device, and it is strictly forbidden for the user to tamper with or modify this device in any way. [15]
12 March 1990	United States (Green Bay, Wisconsin)	3	30	52	Heavy fog led to a fiery crash involving 52 vehicles led to three deaths and more than 30 injuries on the Interstate 43 in Green Bay, Wisconsin, United States, on the Tower Drive Bridge over the Fox River. A fog warning system was immediately installed, and bridge lighting was installed in the mid-2000s after more fog-related issues.
11 December 1990	United States (Calhoun, Tennessee)	12	42	99	Heavy fog caused by the neighboring Bowater paper mill led to a fiery crash involving 99 vehicles, leaving 12 dead and 42 injured on Interstate 75 in Calhoun, Tennessee, between Chattanooga and Knoxville near the Hiwassee River. The Bowater paper mill paid out more than $10M in settlements. A fog warning system has since been installed, and the highway patrol enforces speed limits aggressively. [16]
13 March 1991	United Kingdom (Hungerford, England)	10	25	51	Referred to as the 1991 M4 motorway crash; heavy fog and a van driver either falling asleep or swerving to miss a pigeon in the outside lane led to a pileup and fiery crash involving 51 vehicles, leading to 10 deaths on the M4 in Hungerford, Berkshire, United Kingdom, between Membury and Hungerford. [17]
29 November 1991	United States (Coalinga, California)	17	114	104	A dust storm led to a pileup on Interstate 5 in Coalinga, California, involving 104 vehicles, leading to 17 deaths and 114 injuries. [18] [19]
22 April 1992	United States (Shenandoah Valley, Virginia)	2	40	60	Fog led to a pileup on Interstate 64 in Virginia near Afton Mountain, involving 60 vehicles, leaving two dead and 40 injured. [20] [21]
10 November 1993	France (Mirambeau, Charente-Maritime).	15	53	57	On the A10 autoroute in Mirambeau, France, a 57-vehicle pile-up killed 15. The Orsec-Novi plan was raised.
2 December 1994	United States (San Antonio, Texas)	0	67	127	Blinding glare and rain-slicked roads caused a 127-vehicle pileup on Interstate 35 in San Antonio, Texas, leading to 67 injuries. [22]
20 March 1995	United States (Mobile, Alabama)	1	90	200	Fog caused an accident on Interstate 10 in Mobile, Alabama, United States, involving 200 vehicles, leading to one death and 90 injuries. [23]
27 February 1996	Belgium (Nazareth)	10	80	200	Fog caused an accident on E17 motorway near Nazareth, Belgium. [24]
10 March 1997	United Kingdom (Bromsgrove, England)	3	60	160	Referred to as the 1997 M42 motorway crash: fog caused a crash in the United Kingdom, involving 160 vehicles, leading to three deaths and 60 injuries. [25] [26]
31 December 1998	United States (Grayling, Michigan)	1	39	114	On a snow-slicked section of N/B Interstate-75 in central Michigan, just north of Grayling, 114 cars crashed during whiteout conditions, [27] killing one and injuring 39. [28]
3 September 1999	Canada (Essex County, Ontario)	8	45	87	Dense fog and tailgating causes an 87-vehicle pile-up, killing 8, injuring 45 more on Highway 401 in Essex County, Ontario, Canada, just east of Windsor. [29] [30]
22 November 1999	United States (Golden, Colorado)	2	29	83	On Interstate 70 in Golden, Colorado, United States, a car spun out in the westbound lanes in heavy snow and fog and was then hit by other vehicles as it attempted to resume westbound travel. [31]
5 November 2000	Nigeria (Ifẹ)	96–200		115	In Ife, Nigeria, a tanker truck crashed into a traffic jam and exploded. The death toll is disputed, as 96 bodies were recovered in the crash, but some believe the true death toll to be as high as 200.
22 February 2001	United States (Stafford County, Virginia)	1	dozens	196	A snowstorm whiteout caused an accident on Interstate 95 in Stafford County, Virginia, United States, involving 116 vehicles plus two others nearby totaling 80 more. [32]
14 March 2002	United States (Catoosa County, Georgia)	4	39	125	Sudden fog caused a pileup on Interstate 75 in Catoosa County, Georgia, United States, involving 125 vehicles and killing four people. [33]
11 October 2002	United States (Sheboygan County, Wisconsin)	10	36	50	Dense fog caused a collision on Interstate 43 in Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, just north of the Ozaukee-Sheboygan County line, involving 50 vehicles. It is considered the worst multiple-vehicle collision in Wisconsin history. [34]
3 November 2002	United States (Los Angeles County, California)	0	41	216	Dense fog caused an accident on Interstate 710 in Los Angeles County, California, United States involving around 200 vehicles. [35]
5 November 2002	France (Coulombiers, Vienne)	10	39	58	On the A10 autoroute, Coulombiers, two HGV drivers, one British and one Russian, did not comply with speed regulations, going up to 140 km/h when speed was limited to 50 km/h due to fog; [36] the Orsec-Novi plan was raised.
5 February 2003	Poland (Swarzędz, Greater Poland Voivodeship)	0	31	100+	Dense fog and excessive speed [37] caused a pileup on the then national road 2 between the town of Swarzędz and village of Paczkowo, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland, involving over 100 vehicles, [38] leaving 31 people injured.
7 February 2003	United States (Berrien County, Michigan)	1	47	80	Lake-effect snow caused a pileup on Interstate 94 in Berrien County, Michigan, involving 80 vehicles (initially reported as 75). [39] [40]
23 May 2003	United States (Garrett County, Maryland)	2	64	90	Heavy fog caused a crash near the Interstate 68 cut on Big Savage Mountain in Garrett County, Maryland, involving approximately 90 vehicles. [41]
6 January 2004	United States (Centre County, Pennsylvania)	6	17	50	Due to poor visibility during a white out snow squall, on Interstate 80 in Centre County, Pennsylvania, an accident involving around 50 vehicles left six dead and 17 injured. [42]
12 January 2005	United States (Ingham County, Michigan)	2	35	200	Dense fog caused a pileup on Interstate 96 in Ingham County, Michigan, United States, involving around 200 vehicles, leaving two dead and 35 injured. [43] [44]
17 February 2006	Canada (Embrun, Ontario)	5	15	38	Highway 417 in Embrum, Ontario, approximately 38 vehicles collided due to reduced visibility and snow squall conditions, killing 5 and injuring 15.
5 November 2007	United States (Fresno, California)	2	dozens	108	Tule fog led to an accident on Highway 99 south of Fresno, California, United States, involving 108 vehicles, with two dead and dozens of injuries. [45]
6 January 2008	United States (Madison, Wisconsin)	2		100	On I-90 near Madison, Wisconsin, two people are killed as there was a 100-vehicle pileup. [46]
9 January 2008	United States (Polk County, Florida)	4	38	70	Four people were killed and as many as 38 were injured in a major pileup on Interstate 4 in north central Florida involving 70 vehicles, as fog mixed with smoke from a controlled fire led to "superfog", making it almost impossible for motorists to see. [47]
20 January 2008	Canada (near Toronto, Ontario)			100	More than 100 vehicles crashed into each other on Highway 400 near Toronto due to bad weather conditions. [48]
11 March 2008	United Arab Emirates (Ghantoot, Abu Dhabi)	3	277	60	At 6.39 am a series of vehicle crashes occurred, involving cars, SUVs, busses, and trucks, because of heavy fog on the Abu Dhabi-Dubai highway near Ghantoot, Abu Dhabi, in the United Arab Emirates, leading to the worst ever crash and multi-vehicle pileup in the country's history. According to Dubai-based Gulf News and Reuters, the incident killed 3 people and injured 277, involving 60 vehicles of which 25 caught fire. [49] [50] [51] [52] [53] [54] [55] [56]
20 March 2008	Czech Republic (Vysočina Region)	0	33	231	231 vehicles crashed at highway D1 in Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic, injuring about 30 people, three of them seriously. Nobody was killed. [57] [58] [59] [60] [61] [62] [63]
25 March 2008	Austria (between Vienna and Salzburg)	1	6	60	A near 60 vehicle pile-up in heavy snow on Austria's main east–west highway causes one death with six injuries. [64]
11 January 2009	United States (Derry, New Hampshire)			50+	There was a pileup on I-93 involving "more than 50 cars..." in Derry, New Hampshire. [65]
19 July 2009	Germany (Braunschweig, Lower Saxony)		66	259	Dozens of people were injured, 10 critically, when 259 vehicles were involved in a series of related pile-ups due to heavy rain on the German Autobahn A2 near Braunschweig in Lower Saxony. [66]
13 December 2009	United States (Shelton, Connecticut)		52	56	56 cars involved in a pile-up on Route 110 in Shelton, Connecticut, due to freezing rain and black ice resulted in 46 injuries and six hospitalizations, but no deaths or life-threatening injuries. [67]
23 December 2009	United Kingdom (Multiple locations on the M27 motorway; Hampshire, England)		36	43	Severe black ice, freezing fog, and deep snow led to a pileup on the M27 motorway westbound at Rownhams services involving 20 vehicles, and another pileup eastbound between J7 for Hedge End and Botley and J8 for Bursledon and Netley involving 23 vehicles.
10 February 2010	United States (Williamsburg, Virginia)		7	50	Near Williamsburg, Virginia, whiteout conditions around 9:00 am led to a fifty-car pileup on a stretch of westbound I-64. The collision took hours to clear, and seven people suffered minor injuries requiring hospitalization. [68]
14 February 2010	United States (Multiple locations in the Kansas City Metropolitan Area)		13	140	Whiteout conditions caused several pileups involving 140 [69] vehicles, including two Greyhound buses, [70] in the Kansas City area. The largest pileup along I-70 and K-7 near the city of Bonner Springs, Kansas, involved 40 vehicles. [69] [70] [71] No fatalities or critical injuries were reported. The collision closed I-70 for several hours so emergency workers and crews could clean up the area. The same day, also in the Kansas City metro area, a separate pileup also caused by whiteout conditions involving at least 20 vehicles closed parts of I-35 near 87th Street. [70] No fatalities or serious injuries were reported there as well. [70] The collisions sent 13 people to area hospitals. [71]
16 November 2010	United States (Carroll County, Virginia)	2	16	75	Heaving fog resulting in zero visibility led to crashes on Interstate 77 in Carroll County, Virginia, in both the northbound and southbound lanes between mile markers 4 & 7 in the area of Fancy Gap, with a total of 75 vehicles involved. [72]
8 April 2011	Germany (Rostock)	10	74	80+	A sandstorm caused an 80-car pileup on Autobahn 19 near Rostock, Germany, in both directions, leading to 10 dead and 74 injured. [73] [74]
15 September 2011	Brazil (São Paulo)	1	49	300	Heavy fog led to a collision on Rodovia dos Imigrantes at São Paulo, Brazil, involving around 300 vehicles, leading to several injuries and one person dead. [75]
4 November 2011	United Kingdom (Taunton, England)	7	51	34	Dense fog caused a multiple-vehicle collision occurred on the M5 motorway near Taunton, Somerset, in South West England. The crash involved dozens of cars and articulated lorries; a large fireball ensued. It was concluded that the cause of the crash was dense fog.
1 December 2011	United States (Sumner County, Tennessee)	1	16–18	176	"Heavy, heavy fog" led to three separate chain-reaction crashes on Tennessee State Route 386 (Vietnam Veterans Boulevard) and Saundersville Road near Hendersonville in Sumner County, Tennessee, United States, north of Nashville. It involved 176 vehicles, leading to one death and 16–18 injuries. A fog advisory was not in effect for the area at the time of the crashes. [76] [77] [78] [79]
3 December 2011	Turkey (Büyükçekmece, near Istanbul)	1	14	134	Heavy fog and a slippery road led to an accident on the Istanbul Trans European Motorway involving 134 cars with one dead and 14 injured. [80]
5 December 2011	Japan (Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi Prefecture)	0	10	14	A slippery road caused a pileup in the Chugoku expressway in Shimonoseki, Japan, and injured 10 people. It is believed to be one of the most expensive pileups, having 8 Ferraris, 3 Mercedes-Benz, a Lamborghini, and 2 Toyota Prius being involved in the crash. [81]
29 December 2011	United States (New Orleans, Louisiana)	2	59	40	Heavy fog and smoke from a nearby ongoing marsh fire in New Orleans East led to a pileup on I-10 in New Orleans, Louisiana, with about 40 vehicles involved and at least 50 injuries (22 serious). [82]
29 January 2012	United States (Gainesville, Florida)	11	18	16	A combination of fire smoke and fog ("superfog") blinded drivers and resulted in a pileup on Interstate 75 in Gainesville, Florida.
3 February 2012	Finland (Helsinki)	0	40+	100+	On European route E75 in Helsinki, Finland, heavy snow and icy road conditions caused accidents with more than 100 cars involved and more than 40 injured (1 critically). [83] [84]
5 October 2012	United States (between Sarasota County and Manatee County, Florida)	0	52	47	On Interstate I-75 Southbound on the University Blvd. overpass on the Sarasota/Manatee County line, Florida, white-out rain led to 12 separate crashes involving 47 vehicles. [85]
22 November 2012	United States (Jefferson County, Texas)	2	100	100+	On Interstate I-10, Jefferson County, Texas, a 150-vehicle pileup in both directions due to fog leaves 2 dead, 100 hurt. [86]
15 January 2013	Sweden (Helsingborg, Scania	1	46	80	On the European route E4 Klippan on Tranarp bridge near Helsingborg, southwestern Sweden, one person died and more than 40 were injured after up to 80 vehicles crashed into one another due to dense fog and slippery road conditions. [87] [88]
21 January 2013	United States (Cincinnati, Ohio)	1	27	103	On Interstate 275 in Cincinnati, Ohio, flash snowburst caused a large pileup with many injuries. A 12-year-old girl was killed. [89] [90] [91]
21 January 2013	United States (Middletown, Ohio)	0	9	52	On Interstate 75 in Middletown, Ohio, flash snowburst caused a large pileup. Same storm as the Cincinnati 103-vehicle collision that killed a 12-year-old girl. [92]
25 January 2013	Canada (Oshawa, Ontario)	0	5	80	80-vehicle pileup occurred on Highway 401 east of Oshawa, Ontario, Canada. [93]
31 January 2013	United States (Detroit, Michigan)	3	20+	35+	On Interstate 75 in Detroit, Michigan, flash snowburst caused a pileup along an urbanized section of Interstate 75 in Detroit, killing a 46-year-old Allen Park man, and two children from nearby Windsor, Ontario. [94]
31 March 2013	United States (Carroll County, Virginia)	3	25	95	On Interstate 77 in Carroll County, Virginia, approximately 95 vehicles were involved in a collision on the southbound lane of I-77 near the base of Fancy Gap Mountain near Fancy Gap, Virginia. Virginia State Police say that excessive fog could be to blame for the collision. Three people were killed. [95]
5 September 2013	United Kingdom (Kent, England)	0	60	130+	60 people were injured as more than 130 vehicles were involved in a series of crashes in thick fog on the A249 Sheppey crossing in Kent, UK. [96]
3 December 2013	Belgium (Zonnebeke, West Flanders)	2	67	132	One person was killed and 67 injured as 132 vehicles were involved in a triple chain collision in thick fog on the A19 in Zonnebeke, Belgium. [97] A second person died four days later. [98]
23 January 2014	United States (LaPorte County, Indiana)	3	20+	~46	Lake-effect snow caused a pileup involving more than 40 vehicles on Interstate 94 in LaPorte County, Indiana. [99]
14 February 2014	United States (Philadelphia Metropolitan Area, Pennsylvania	0	30	100	Up to 105 vehicles were involved in multiple collisions on the eastbound lanes of the Pennsylvania Turnpike between Willow Grove and Bensalem. One collision involved about 75 vehicles while another incident further east involved about 30 vehicles. There were a total of 30 injuries. The collisions were a result of icy conditions from a winter storm. [100]
27 February 2014	Canada (Barrie, Ontario)	0		96	On Ontario Highway 400 south of Barrie, 96 vehicles were involved in collisions at about 9am during a snow squall, reducing visibility to "a few feet". The incident resulted in the closure of Highway 400 between Highway 89 and Mapleview Drive. Both lanes on that stretch of highway were closed for most of the day until early evening. [101]
1 March 2014	United States (Denver, Colorado)	1	30	104	Heavy snow caused a pileup involving 104 vehicles on Interstate 25 in Denver, Colorado, United States. [102]
12 March 2014	United States (Sandusky County, Ohio)	3	"numerous"	90	Heavy snow caused two crashes involving ninety vehicles on the Ohio Turnpike (Interstate 80/90) in Sandusky County, Ohio, United States. [103] [104]
14 October 2014	South Africa (Alberton)	4	54	47	A 47-vehicle pileup occurred during morning traffic on N12 Freeway near Alberton, South Africa, heading east. Four people were confirmed dead and nine were critically injured. [105]
9 January 2015	United States (Galesburg, Michigan)	1	23	193	Nearly 200 vehicles, including 76 semi trucks, were involved in a pileup on Interstate 94 near Galesburg, Michigan, [106] amidst a heavy snowstorm that brought nearly a foot of snow to the area. One of the trucks was carrying a load of fireworks, which caught fire and exploded, injuring two firefighters. The only fatality was a 57-year-old truck driver from Quebec, Canada. [107]
18 January 2015	United States (Upper Merion, Pennsylvania)	1	30	60	Icy roads led to a 60-car pileup on Interstate 76 in Upper Merion, Pennsylvania. One man was killed when he got out of his car after the collision and was hit by another car. 30 more people were injured. [108] [109]
11 February 2015	South Korea (Incheon)	2	65	106	A 106-car pileup on Yeongjong Bridge in Incheon, South Korea, killed two and injured more than 65 people. The event was caught on tape from a vehicle's dashcam. [110]
25 February 2015	United States (Penobscot County, Maine)	0	17	75	A 75-car pileup on Interstate 95 in Penobscot County, Maine, United States, was noted as possibly Maine's largest single traffic collision. [111]
30 January 2016	Slovenia (Senožeče)	4	30	70+	A 55-car pileup on A1 motorway near Senožeče, Slovenia killed five and injured more than 30. [112] [113]
13 February 2016	United States (Lebanon County, Pennsylvania)	3	25+	50	Icy conditions caused a pileup on the I-78 Freeway in Pennsylvania, resulting in the deaths of 3 people. 50 cars were involved and at least 25 people were injured. [114] [115]
22 February 2016	Norway (Eidsvåg, Bergen)	0	5	60	Unforeseen slippery roads during morning rush hours took motorists by surprise; there were 60 cars in the pileup on E39 near Bergen, Norway. [116]
13 March 2016	United States (Alamance County, North Carolina	0	20	130	At least 130 cars piled up on Interstate 85/Interstate 40 in Alamance County, North Carolina, United States. The crash is thought to be a result of slippery roads caused by thunderstorms in the area at the time. [117]
22 November 2016	China (Shanxi)	17	37	56	Snowy road conditions on an expressway linking Beijing and Kunming in the North China province of Shanxi caused a total of 56 vehicles to crash into each other, resulting in 17 deaths. [118]
8 December 2016	United States (Cleveland, Ohio)	0	20	50	A 50-vehicle pileup on Interstate 90 in Concord Township, Ohio on the east side of Cleveland, Ohio, at mile marker 202.3 (between OH-44 and Vrooman Road) happened as a result of overnight heavy lake-effect snow. It seems to have had 15 semi trucks and 35 cars involved. [119]
5 February 2018	United States (Ames, Iowa)	1	5	50–70	Icy conditions led to a pileup on Interstate 35 near Ames, Iowa, involving at least 15 semi trucks and 35 cars. One fatality and five critically injured people were reported. [120]
15 February 2019	United States (Oak Grove, Missouri)	1	0	47	A 47-vehicle pileup occurred on Interstate 70 near Oak Grove, Missouri, due to icy roads and white-out conditions. One fatality was reported. [121]
24 February 2019	United States (Neenah, Wisconsin)	1	71	131	White-out conditions and winds in excess of 50 mph contributed to a 131 vehicle pileup on Interstate 41 near Neenah, Wisconsin. The crash resulted in 1 dead and 71 injured. [122] [123]
5 March 2019	United States (Hudson, Ohio)	0	25	~100	White-out conditions and icy roads caused a 90 to 100 car pileup on Route 8 northbound in Hudson, Ohio. [124]
23 March 2019	United States (Grapevine, California)	1	12	50	With fog visibility of 100 feet, there was a pileup on the Southbound side of Interstate 5 South of Grapevine at Gorman School Road. A toddler passed away days later. [125]
25 April 2019	United States (Lakewood, Colorado)	4	7	28	A semi driver slammed into rush hour traffic, starting a pile up and massive fire that killed four people and injured seven others in Lakewood, Colorado. [126]
22 December 2019	United States (Williamsburg, Virginia)	0	51	69	Near Williamsburg, Virginia, 69 vehicles collided in foggy conditions on Interstate 64 on the westbound portion of Queens Creek Bridge. [127]
19 February 2020	Canada (La Prairie, Quebec)	2	~70	200+	White-out conditions on Highway 15 caused a pile-up involving more than 200 vehicles in La Prairie, a suburb of the Canadian city of Montreal. [128]
1 March 2020	United States (Wamsutter, Wyoming)	3	30	120	Near Wamsutter, Wyoming, over 100 vehicles collided in near-zero visibility conditions while semi-trailers toppled over in high winds. Vehicles were unable to stop as there was also black ice on Interstate 80 on both sides of the highway, westbound and eastbound portions between Rawlins and Wamsutter. People report being stuck on the highway for over nine hours before emergency teams were able to clear the roadway. [129]
11 February 2021	United States (Fort Worth, Texas)	6	65+	133	Freezing rain resulted in 133 [130] vehicles being involved in a crash on Interstate 35W near Fort Worth, Texas. It was the worst pile-up in Texas history with more than 65 people hospitalized and at least six people dead. Multiple people were trapped in their vehicles as well and had to be rescued. The scene of the crash spanned over 1.5 miles. [131]
19 June 2021	United States (Butler County, Alabama)	10		18	Rain from Tropical Storm Claudette resulted in a pile-up of 18 vehicles on the Interstate 65 in Butler County, Alabama. Ten were killed, including nine children.
25 July 2021	United States (Millard County, Utah)	8	>10	22	A severe sandstorm resulted in a pile-up of 22 vehicles on Interstate 15 in Millard County, Utah. Eight were killed, including four children under the age of 15. [132]
7 November 2021	Mexico (between Mexico City and Puebla)	19	3	Many	A shampoo truck smashed into cars at a toll booth on the Mexican Federal Highway connecting Mexico City with Puebla, causing a large fire. [133] [134]
5 January 2022	United States (Monmouth County, New Jersey)	0	7	65	On the workweek morning of January 5, early morning rain falling with temps below freezing led to widespread black ice across the Philadelphia and New York City metro areas. In Monmouth County, New Jersey, black ice over the Route 18/36 flyovers led to 2 car pileups in both directions. 50 vehicles were involved in the second crash and 15 were involved in the first. [135]
12 March 2022	United States (Cumberland County, Pennsylvania)	0	10	73	There was a pileup on Pennsylvania Route 581 in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, likely caused by a snow squall. [136]
17 March 2022	United States (Charleston, Missouri)	6		47	There was a pileup on Interstate 57 near Charleston in southeastern Missouri, caused by fog [137]
28 March 2022	United States (Minersville, Pennsylvania)	6	24	80 [138]	There was a crash on Interstate 81 near Minersville, Pennsylvania, due to a snow squall [139]
4 November 2022	United States (Denver, Colorado)	0	0	>100	The accident occurred on 6th Avenue in Denver, Colorado, due to overnight snow and icy roads [140] [141]
23 December 2022	United States (Sandusky County, Ohio)	4	73	51	This crash occurred on the Ohio Turnpike in Sandusky County due at least partially to weather conditions from the December 2022 North American winter storm, as the area was under a level 3 snow emergency and "the crash came amid frigid temps and strong winds." [142] This crash was still under investigation a month later. [143]
1 May 2023	United States (Montgomery County, Illinois)	8 [144]	36	72	This crash occurred on Interstate 55 in Montgomery County, Illinois, due to a dust storm. [145]
23 October 2023	United States (St. John the Baptist Parish, Louisiana)	8	63	168	This crash occurred on Interstate 55 in St. John the Baptist Parish, Louisiana due to a combination of heavy fog and drifting smoke from nearby marsh fires (superfog). This stretch of I-55 from Ponchatoula to Manchac is elevated to pass over swampland below, and one vehicle fell into the water and partially sunk, while over 100 motorists were left stranded before rescue services could reach the area. [146] [147]
21 December 2024	Brazil (Teófilo Otoni)	41 [148]	7	3	This crash occurred on BR-116 in Teófilo Otoni, Minas Gerais; according to the Federal Highway Police, the cause of the accident was possibly due to a fall of granite block from a B-train that hit a bus and a car. [149] [150]

Motorsports

Multiple vehicle collisions can occur in the restricted courses used in motorsports as well, most commonly after a green flag (on road courses) being waved following a warm-up lap during the start of the race. Reporters and fans apply subjective guidelines as to what threshold needs to be crossed before a simple on-track incident can be described as such. NASCAR fans, for example, talk about the "Big One", where many cars can be or are involved in a wreck while running close together.

See also

• Aviation accidents and incidents

References

1. Abel, David (2 December 2013). "On busy travel day, black ice led to massive pileup in Worcester". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 3 December 2013.
2. Report No DOT HS 807 076, THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CENTER HIGH MOUNTED STOP LAMPS, A PRELIMINARY EVALUATION, March 1987, Charles J. Kahane, Ph.D., Office of Standards Evaluation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C. 20590
3. Department for Transport statistics, Reported Road Casualties Great Britain Annual Report 2020, RAS40004 Reported accidents, vehicle user and pedestrian casualties by severity and combination of vehicles involved, Great Britain, 2013
4. "Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) | NHTSA". nhtsa.gov. Retrieved 22 July 2024.
5. Craft, Hunter (25 January 2024). "[Study] How Dangerous Are Multi-Vehicle Pile-Ups?". Craft Law Firm. Retrieved 22 July 2024.
6. Copeland, Larry; Overberg, Paul (18 February 2015). "Special cops work to unravel confusing highway pileups". USA Today . Retrieved 19 February 2015. There is little research on why these crashes occur. Neither the Federal Highway Administration, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, the National Transportation Safety Board, the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety nor auto club AAA has researched the phenomena.
7. 2022 key figures, ASFA
8. Lee, Sangbok; Jeong, Byung Yong (March 2016). "Comparisons of Traffic Collisions between Expressways and Rural Roads in Truck Drivers". Safety and Health at Work. 7 (1): 38–42. doi:10.1016/j.shaw.2015.11.005. PMC   4792911 . PMID   27014489.
9. "More Than 100 Cars Smashed on Freeway". The Post-Crescent. 1 November 1965. p. 1. Retrieved 19 March 2017– via Newspapers.com.
10. "Seven Killed as M1 Drivers Hit Sudden Fog". The Guardian. 30 November 1971. p. 1. Retrieved 19 March 2017– via Newspapers.com.
11. Johnston, Richard J. H. (25 October 1973). "9 KILLED, 40 HURT IN CRASHES IN FOG ON PIKE IN JERSEY". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 29 November 2022.
12. Martin, Murilee (16 April 2007). "25 Years Since The Great Caldecott Tunnel Fire". Jalopnik. Retrieved 23 January 2010.
13. "Interdiction de transports d'enfants les 31 juillet et 7 août 2010". Archived from the original on 27 June 2015. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
14. "L'accident d'autobus de Beaune qui fit 53 morts en 1982" . Retrieved 5 February 2016.
15. "Limitations de vitesse : réactions des transporteurs" . Retrieved 5 February 2016.
16. "HAR-92/02". Ntsb.gov. Retrieved 12 December 2013.
17. "UK motorway pile-up 'worst for two decades'". Irish Examiner. 5 November 2011. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
18. "I-5 Is Reopened After Pileup That Killed 17 : Traffic: Workers battle winds and sand clouds to clear highway of 104 vehicles that crashed in dust storm". Los Angeles Times . 1 December 1991. Retrieved 19 January 2015.
19. "14 Killed, 114 Hurt in I-5 Pileups : Traffic: More than 100 vehicles collide in dust storm north of Coalinga. Victims describe 'all kinds of terrible scenes--trucks on fire, cars on fire, bodies in the road.'". Los Angeles Times . 30 November 1991. Retrieved 19 January 2015.
20. Pressley, Sue Anne (23 April 1992). "In I-64 Pileups, Death Was Swift, Shrouded in Fog". Washington Post. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
21. "VDOT looks to boost 1-64 safety over Afton - Richmond News, Crime & Politics". TimesDispatch.com. 24 September 2013. Retrieved 17 February 2014.
22. Newsbank http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_action=doc&p_docid=0F2232DF8880DAB7&p_docnum=27.{{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
23. "Performance of Satellite Fog Detection Techniques" (PDF). National Weather Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 November 2008. Retrieved 28 December 2007.
24. "Acht jaar na de kettingbotsing E17 Nazareth". De Standaard. 14 August 2004.
25. "M42 death crash driver wins back his licence". Archive.worcesternews.co.uk. 10 November 2001. Archived from the original on 1 July 2012. Retrieved 6 November 2010.
26. "Option or Necessity?". Archived from the original on 27 December 2004. Retrieved 20 December 2007.
27. "The Spokesman-Review" . Retrieved 7 February 2013.
28. "CNN - Car-pileup in snowy Michigan kills 1 - December 31, 1998". CNN. Archived from the original on 27 January 2007.
29. "401 Pileup Disaster". CBC News. 3 September 1999. Archived from the original on 11 June 2009.
30. "Top Ten Weather Stories of 1999 – Top Ten Weather Stories – [Meteorological Service of Canada – The Green Lane]". Msc-smc.ec.gc.ca. 23 April 2010. Archived from the original on 6 May 2006. Retrieved 6 November 2010.
31. "2 Killed, 29 Injured in Pileup on I-70 in Colorado". Los Angeles Times. 23 November 1999. Retrieved 23 November 2013.
32. Morrison, Blake (23 February 2001). "Wrecks close interstates during snowstorm". Archived from the original on 16 June 2009. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
33. "Massive pileup near Ga.-Tenn. line kills 4". CNN. 14 March 2002. Archived from the original on 11 June 2009. Retrieved 13 May 2010.
34. "At least 10 killed in multi-car crash in Wisconsin". USA Today. 11 October 2002. Retrieved 30 January 2012.
35. Gottlieb, Jeff; Hernandez, Daniel (4 November 2002). "41 Hurt in 198-Vehicle Smashup". Los Angeles Times.
36. Conseil Général des Ponts et Chaussées, Paris, le 30 décembre 2004, Bureau d’Enquêtes sur les Accidents de Transport Terrestre, Affaire n°2002-0226-01, Rapport final de l’enquête technique sur l’accident survenu le 5 novembre 2002 sur l’autoroute A10 à Coulombiers, Jean Gérard KOENIG, Ingénieur Général des Ponts et Chaussées, Yves BONDUELLE, Inspecteur Général de l’Equipement, Jean Paul BOIRON, Ingénieur Général des Ponts et Chaussées, Bernard LOITIERE, Ingénieur Général des Ponts et Chaussées
37. "31 rannych w karambolu 100 samochodów pod Poznaniem" [31 injured in multiple-vehicle collision of 100 cars near Poznań]. Wiadomosci.wp.pl (in Polish). 5 February 2003. Retrieved 5 February 2023– via WP Wiadomości.
38. Chudziński, Igor (20 January 2023). "Karambol stulecia pod Poznaniem. Między Swarzędzem a Paczkowem rozbiło się ponad 100 aut! Wkrótce minie 20 lat od tego zdarzenia [ZDJĘCIA]" [Pile-up of the century near Poznań. Over 100 cars crashed between Swarzędz and Paczkowo! It will soon be 20 years since this event [PHOTOS]] (in Polish). Retrieved 5 February 2023– via Poznań Nasze Miasto.
39. "Intense Lake Effect Snow Band Causes 75-Vehicle Chain Reaction Pile-Up". Northern Indiana Weather Forecast Office, National Weather Service .
40. Aiken, Scott (7 February 2004). "I-94 Pileup Memories Are Vivid a Year Later". The Herald-Palladium . Retrieved 3 January 2014.
41. "I-68 Fog Detection System Planning Report" (PDF). Sabra, Wang & Associates. 7 November 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 February 2014.
42. "The Story of the Keystone Shortway". They Keystone Shortway Association. n.d.
43. "Macomb Daily : More than 100 vehicles pile up on I-96 01/13/05". Archived from the original on 10 January 2008.
44. "Chain-Reaction Crashes in 2 States". CBS News. 13 January 2005.
45. "108 Vehicle pileup kills 2 in Tule fog on 99 Highway" . Retrieved 20 December 2007.
46. "2 Killed, Dozens Hurt After 100-Vehicle Pileup on Interstate 90 – Madison News Story – WISC Madison". Channel3000.com. Archived from the original on 6 November 2008. Retrieved 13 August 2010.
47. "Fog causes 70-car pileup in Fla.; 4 dead - USATODAY.com". usatoday30.usatoday.com.
48. "Whiteout causes 100-vehicle pile-up near Toronto". Reuters. 20 January 2008. Archived from the original on 16 June 2009.
49. "Horrific accident on Abu Dhabi-Dubai highway near Ghantoot". Gulf News. Archived from the original on 24 July 2009. Retrieved 6 November 2010.
50. "Five killed, 277 injured in Ghantoot accident". Xpress4me. Archived from the original on 13 March 2008. Retrieved 6 November 2010.
51. "Photo Gallery – Five killed, 277 injured in Ghantoot accident". Xpress4me. Archived from the original on 11 June 2009. Retrieved 6 November 2010.
52. "Reuters Video report – Hundreds hurt in UAE horror crash". Reuters. 9 February 2009. Retrieved 6 November 2010.
53. "REFILE-UAE's biggest traffic accident kills 3, injures 277". Reuters. 11 March 2008. Retrieved 6 November 2010.
54. "Yahoo! News India – Eight killed in horrific 200-car pileup on Dubai-Abu Dhabi highway". Archived from the original on 16 March 2008.
55. "Traffic pileup leaves 3 dead, 300 hurt – Some of the 60 cars burst into flames on Dubai-Abu Dhabi highway". NBC News. Reuters. 3 November 2008. Retrieved 6 November 2010.
56. "YouTube Video – Dubai – Abu Dhabi Crash – the Aftermath". 11 March 2008. Archived from the original on 22 December 2021. Retrieved 6 November 2010– via YouTube.
57. Na Vysočině je D1 po hromadné nehodě průjezdná oběma směry, web ČT24, 21 March 2008
58. Největší hromadná nehoda zablokovala dálnici D1 na 11 hodin Archived 23 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine , Novinky.cz, 20 March 2008
59. D1: Největší nehoda všech dob, Z Jihlavy, nezávislý infoserver, 21 March 2008
60. Nehodu na D1 zavinili řidiči, jeli rychle Archived 24 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine , Lidové noviny, 22 April 2008
61. Tomáš Blažek: Sníh umrtvil D1 za 4 minuty, MF Dnes, 22 March 2008, supplement Vysočina, p. 1
62. Jan Vaca: Policie pozná, kdo jel rychle, MF Dnes, 22 March 2008. str. 2
63. Michal Pavec: Škoda za havárii desetiletí na D1 činí 28 milionů, Aktuálně.cz, 21 April 2008
64. "Whiteout One dead in 60-vehicle pile-up on Austrian motorway". Mobile.alertnet.org. 25 March 2008. Archived from the original on 11 June 2009. Retrieved 6 November 2010.
65. "More than 50 vehicles involved in I-93 crash". Theunionleader.com. 12 January 2009. Archived from the original on 17 June 2011. Retrieved 13 August 2010.
66. "Dozens injured in 259-car autobahn pileup – The Local". Thelocal.de. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 13 August 2010.
67. "50 car pile-up in Shelton closes Rt 110". Wtnh.com. Archived from the original on 24 March 2010. Retrieved 13 August 2010.
68. "Winter weather causes 50 car pile-up". WAVY. Archived from the original on 12 February 2010. Retrieved 11 February 2010.
69. Archived 18 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine
70. "Weather Causes Massive Crashes in Midwest". CBS News. 14 February 2010. Retrieved 13 August 2010.
71. Archived 18 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine
72. "Two die in 75-car pileup on I-77". thecarrollnews.com. 16 November 2010. Archived from the original on 3 April 2013.
73. "Germany: Freak sandstorm causes deadly motorway pile-up". BBC News. 9 April 2011.
74. "Deadly Sandstorm: Video of 80 car pile-up in Germany, 10 dead, dozens injured". 9 April 2011. Archived from the original on 22 December 2021 – via YouTube.
75. "Folha.com – Cotidiano – Engavetamento mata 1 e envolve 300 carros, diz PM; pista da Imigrantes é liberada – 15/09/2011". .folha.uol.com.br. 15 September 2011. Retrieved 5 November 2011.
76. Alsup, Dave (1 December 2011). "1 dead, 16 injured in Tennessee crashes involving 176 cars". CNN. Retrieved 1 December 2011.
77. "One Killed, 18 Injured in 55-Car Pileup on Vietnam Vets Blvd". NewsChannel5.com. 1 December 2011. Archived from the original on 3 December 2011. Retrieved 1 December 2011.
78. Sutton, Scott (1 December 2011). "1 killed, 16 injured after 50-car pileup on Vietnam Vets Blvd". WSMV.com. Archived from the original on 22 December 2017. Retrieved 1 December 2011.
79. "100-plus vehicles involved in pileup, 1 dead, several injured". WRKN.com. 1 December 2011. Archived from the original on 3 December 2011. Retrieved 1 December 2011.
80. Bozarslan, Felat (4 December 2011). "TEM'de 134 araç birbirine girdi". hurriyet.com.tr. Retrieved 26 November 2023.
81. McCurry, Justin (5 December 2011). "Ferraris destroyed in costly Japan motorway pile-up". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2024.
82. "After massive I-10 pileup, New Orleans East residents point to poor lighting". wwltv.com. Archived from the original on 11 July 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2012.
83. "The Day Helsinki Stood Still – Snow Chaos With Video". hooniverse.com. Archived from the original on 25 January 2013. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
84. "More than 40 injured in multiple accidents and massive delays to Helsinki public transport as snow and ice compound the chilly conditions". Helsingin Sanomat. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
85. "52 hurt in multiple-vehicle pileup on I-75 in Florida | CNN". CNN. 6 October 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2023.
86. Pearce, Matt (22 November 2012). "150-vehicle pileup on foggy Texas highway leaves 2 dead, 100 hurt". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 22 November 2012.
87. "100-car pile-up kills one, leaves dozens injured - The Local". Thelocal.se. 15 January 2013. Retrieved 7 February 2013.
88. https://www.msb.se/Upload/Kunskapsbank/Statistik_larande/img/Faktablad%20Trafikolycka%20Tranarpsbron.pdf%7CSwedish ^{[ permanent dead link ‍]} civil contingencies agency fact sheet (in Swedish)
89. "Scores of vehicles snared in Ohio highway pileups". 21 January 2013. Retrieved 7 February 2013.
90. "I-275 accident grows to 96 cars". Cincinnati.com. Retrieved 7 February 2013.
91. "IN-DEPTH: I-275 pile-up leads to piles of paperwork". Cincinnati.com. Retrieved 7 February 2013.
92. "'White-out' conditions lead to 52-vehicle pileup on I-75". middletownjournal.com. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 7 February 2013.
93. "Hwy. 401 reopens after 80-vehicle pileup". CBC News. 26 January 2013. Retrieved 7 February 2013.
94. "Cell phone video shows moments after deadly I-75 pileup". Fox News Channel. 1 February 2013. Archived from the original on 19 January 2015. Retrieved 19 January 2015.
95. "UPDATED: 95 cars involved in I-77 crash in Carroll County". WDBJ7 Web Staff. 31 March 2013. Archived from the original on 12 April 2013.
96. "Sheppey crossing crash: Dozens hurt as 130 vehicles crash". BBC News. 5 September 2013.
97. "Drievoudige kettingbotsing op A19 bij Zonnebeke". VRT News. 3 December 2013.
98. "Kettingbotsing A19 eist tweede mensenleven". VRT News. 7 December 2013.
99. Keagle, Lauri Harvey (24 January 2014). "Westbound I-94 Reopens after Fatal Michigan City Pileup". The Times of Northwest Indiana . Retrieved 24 January 2014.
100. "UPDATE: Pa. Turnpike Reopened After Massive Crash, All-Day Closure". Philadelphia, PA: KYW-TV. 14 February 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
101. "Highway 400 south of Barrie reopens after 96-vehicle pileup". CBC News . Retrieved 28 February 2014.
102. Mitchell, Kirk; Noon, Alison (1 March 2014). "I-25 Pileup: 104 Vehicles Involved, 1 Killed, 30 Hospitalized after Snowy Disaster". The Denver Post . Retrieved 3 March 2014.
103. McCray, Vanessa (15 March 2014). "Debris Cleared from Turnpike Fatal Crash Site". The Blade . Retrieved 15 March 2014.
104. Astolfi, Courtney (14 March 2014). "Turnpike Open, But Slow Going". Sandusky Register . Archived from the original on 15 March 2014. Retrieved 15 March 2014.
105. "South Africa: Truck brake failure leads to multiple car pile up". News 24. 14 October 2014.
106. "170 Vehicle Pile-Up Triggers Fireworks and Evacuation". ABC News . 9 January 2015. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
107. "One dead, 23 hurt in fiery 193-vehicle I-94 pileup". WZZM. 9 January 2015. Archived from the original on 17 January 2015. Retrieved 9 January 2015.
108. "1 Dead, 30 Hurt in Massive I-76 Pileup in Montgomery County". NBC . 18 January 2015. Retrieved 19 January 2015.
109. "At Least Three Dead and Dozens Injured in Northeast Pileups". Gawker . 18 January 2015. Archived from the original on 19 January 2015. Retrieved 19 January 2015.
110. "Two dead in 100-car South Korea pile-up". BBC. 11 February 2015. Retrieved 11 February 2015.
111. Ricker, Nok-Noi (26 February 2015). "Police, witnesses piece together details of 75-car crash on I-95". Bangor Daily News . Retrieved 27 February 2015.
112. "Motorway pile-up death toll rising". sloveniatimes.com. 30 January 2016. Archived from the original on 19 May 2021. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
113. "Four die in Slovenian 50-car pile-up". The Guardian. Agence France-Presse. 30 January 2016. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 31 January 2016.
114. "At least 3 dead, scores injured after huge Pa. pileup". BostonGlobe.com. The Associated. 13 February 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
115. Almasy, Steve and Marco, Tony (13 February 2016). "Deadly I-78 pileup: Dozens of vehicles collide on Pennsylvania highway". CNN. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
116. "Kjedekollisjon med 60 biler på E39". Bergens Tidende. Archived from the original on 31 May 2016. Retrieved 26 November 2023.
117. "130-plus vehicles involved in series of wrecks on I-40 in Alamance County". The News & Observer. 13 March 2016. Retrieved 23 October 2016.
118. "56-car China motorway pile-up kills 17 as dozens of vehicles crash". the Guardian. 22 November 2016. Retrieved 26 November 2023.
119. "50-vehicle pileup shuts down Ohio freeway".
120. "Ames, Iowa, Interstate Reopens After Deadly 70-Car Pileup".
121. Hopkins, Anna (16 February 2019). "Dramatic 47-car pile up in Missouri leaves at least one dead". Fox News Channel . Retrieved 17 February 2019.
122. "Sheriff: 1 dead after 131-vehicle pileup in Winnebago Co". Fox News Channel. 24 February 2019. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
123. "131-vehicle pileup on I-41 in Neenah kills one person and injures 71 others". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel . 24 February 2019. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
124. "Dozens of cars totaled in Route 8 pile-up". WEWS. 6 March 2019. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
125. "Toddler dies days after fog causes Grapevine pileup". ABC7 Los Angeles. 1 April 2019. Retrieved 14 April 2019.
126. "4 killed in fiery I-70 crash in west Lakewood". The Colorado Sun. 26 April 2019. Retrieved 7 August 2019.
127. Harmon, Gabrielle (22 December 2019). "'It got really foggy really quick' before 'apocalyptic' 69-car pileup, witness says". CBS . Retrieved 22 December 2019.
128. "Nearly 70 injured as 200 vehicles involved in pile-up in snowy Montreal". The Guardian. 19 February 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
129. "Wyoming pileup involved over 100 vehicles in crashes on Interstate 80, 'rolling closures' in effect". FOX . 3 March 2020. Retrieved 3 March 2020.
130. Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine : "'Major Catastrophe,' 133 Cars, 6 Dead In Deadly Pileup". YouTube . 11 February 2021.
131. Marfin, Catherine (11 February 2021). "5 dead, 30 taken to hospital after 70-vehicle pileup in Fort Worth". dallasnews. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
132. "At least 8 killed in 22-car pileup in Utah during sandstorm". ABC News. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
133. "At least 19 dead as truck smashes into cars at toll booth in Mexico". The Independent. 7 November 2021. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
134. "19 dead in Mexico when truck crashes into cars at toll booth". AP NEWS. 6 November 2021. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
135. Goldman, Jeff (5 January 2022). "50 vehicles involved in icy crash on Route 18, causing serious injuries, police say". NJ.com. Retrieved 11 August 2023.
136. "PA highway pileup: Rt. 581 reopens after more than 70 cars involved in crash, state police say". FOX 29. 13 March 2022. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
137. Vera, Amir; Razek, Raja; and Rose, Andy (17 March 2022). "6 dead in Missouri interstate pileup involving 47 vehicles, official says". CNN. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
138. "Police: 6 killed in Pennsylvania pileup of 80 vehicles". ABC News .
139. "Six people killed in massive crash on Interstate 81 in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania State Police say". WGAL . 30 March 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
140. "100-vehicle crash closes parts of Denver highway following overnight snow". NBC News. 4 November 2022. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
141. Williams, Ashley R. "80-vehicle pileup in Colorado blamed on wintry weather and fast drivers". USA TODAY. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
142. WTVG Staff (23 December 2022). "OSHP: Four killed in 50-vehicle pileup crash on Ohio Turnpike". 13abc.com. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
143. Pietrasz, Jake (23 January 2023). "BODYCAM: 73 injuries, 4 deaths in Ohio Turnpike 50-vehicle pileup crash, OSHP says". 13abc.com. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
144. "8th person dies after I-55 dust storm crash". WLS-TV . 17 May 2023. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
145. Fernando, Christine; Yancey-Bragg, N'dea (2 May 2023). "Interstate 55 in Illinois reopens after massive dust storm causes pileup, killing 7 people". USA Today . Retrieved 3 May 2023.
146. "LSP: Seven people killed, 158 vehicles involved in crash along I-55". WBRZ. 23 October 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
147. Dev, S. (24 October 2023). "At least 8 killed, 63 injured in 168-vehicle pileup on Louisiana highway". CBS News. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
148. "Death toll in Brazil bus crash rises to 41". France 24 . 22 December 2024. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
149. Sá Pessoa, Gabriela (21 December 2024). "38 people die in a crash between a passenger bus and a truck in Brazil". Associated Press. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
150. "O que sabemos sobre as causas do grave acidente com mais de 30 mortos em MG". CNN Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). 21 December 2024. Retrieved 22 December 2024.