No. 214 Squadron RAF

No. 214 (Federated Malay States) Squadron RAF
Active	1917–1920 1935–1977
Country	United Kingdom
Branch	Royal Air Force
Nickname(s)	Federated Malay States [1]
Motto(s)	Latin: Ultor in umbris ("Avenging in the shadows") [2]
Insignia
Squadron heraldry	A nightjar volant affrontée
Squadron codes	214 (Jan 1937–Apr 1939) UX (Apr 1939–Sep 1939) BU (Sep 1939–Jul 1945) QN, PX* (Nov 1946–Apr 1951, *only used by "C" Flight)

No. 214 Squadron is a former unit of the Royal Air Force.

History

World War I

No 214 Squadron was formed from No. 14 Squadron Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS), itself formerly No. 7A Squadron RNAS only taking on the new number on 9 December 1917. With the creation of the RAF from the Royal Flying Corps and the RNAS on 1 April 1918 it received the number 214. ^[3] It was later given the fuller title No 214 (Federated Malay States) Squadron.

No. 214 Squadron started with the Handley Page Type O/100 bomber but soon got the more powerful O/400 in the middle of 1918 with which it continued to fly against German strategic targets. From 29 June to 23 October 1918, 214 Squadron was based at RAF Saint Inglevert. ^[4]

Between the Wars

Post war the squadron was moved to Egypt but it was disbanded on 1 February 1920 with its crew and aircraft merged into No. 216 Squadron RAF.

On 16 September 1935 'B' Flight of No. 9 Squadron RAF was used to create a new 214 Squadron. Again a bomber squadron it had the Vickers Virginia Mk. X night-bombers at RAF Boscombe Down.

World War II

Crew of a Wellington II of 214 Squadron at RAF Stradishall before a raid on Essen.

Retired 214 Squadron Stirling at RAF Stradishall.

By the outbreak of the Second World War it had re-equipped the Vickers Wellington which were replaced in 1942 with the larger Short Stirling, having moved to RAF Stradishall.

Later, the Squadron moved to RAF Chedburgh. The memoirs of a Royal Canadian Air Force pilot recount his first operation with the Squadron, with Stirlings taxiing "ponderously" along a: "...perimeter track [which] ran within a hundred yards of Chedburgh's pub, before which the locals . . . had assembled for their nightly show." ^[5] The target was Hanover.

At a time when Stirling losses led to the aircraft being withdrawn from bombing Germany the squadron transferred to RAF Downham Market in December 1943. ^[6] In January 1944, the squadron was converted to special operations, joining No. 100 Group RAF for electronic countermeasures in support of the main bombing operations.

The squadron used the Boeing Fortress Mk II and Mk III and Stirlings. They used the jamming system codenamed "Airborne Cigar" (ABC) to block German night fighter communications. German speaking radio operators would identify and jam the ground controllers broadcasts and also pose as ground controllers themselves with the intention of steering the night fighters away from the bomber streams. ^[7] At least some of 214 Squadron's B-17s were equipped with 'Piperack' which countered the Germans' Lichtenstein SN-2 aerial intercept radar. ^[8]

Vickers Valiant BK.1 XD816 wearing anti-nuclear flash finish and the markings of No. 214 Squadron on its fin.

After the war ended, the squadron reformed at RAF Aldergrove on 1 March 1948 and operated the Handley Page Halifax GR.6 until 18 October 1948. ^[9]

Postwar

In July 1955 the squadron was scheduled to be formed at RAF Laarbruch in West Germany, as part of Royal Air Force Germany, but before formation could be completed instructions were received that the new forming squadron would be designated No. 80 Squadron RAF. ^[10]

It operated the Vickers Valiant from RAF Marham, from 21 January 1956 until 28 February 1965. Leonard Trent, a Victoria Cross winner, was the first CO of the Valiant squadron, and he was succeeded by future Chief of the Air Staff and Marshal of the RAF Michael Beetham. The Valiant was at first active as a V bomber but was then converted to tankers. Disbanded in 1965 it reformed the following year with the Handley Page Victor tanker and continued until disbanded finally in 1977.

Accidents and incidents

• On 29 April 1937, two new Handley Page Harrows from RAF Feltwell collided in mid-air over Wissington, Norfolk and crashed with the loss of five airmen. It was reported that a wing-tip of one aircraft contacted the tail of the other, one falling into a field and bursting into flames, and the other crashing into the River Wissey. ^[11]
• On 10/11 August 1943, Flight Sergeant Harry Ernest Hall was pilot of a crippled aircraft which was returning from operations, after losing an engine. When approaching Bexhill on the South Coast of England the aircraft ran out of fuel and dived almost out of control into the sea. The crew were temporarily knocked out by the impact and the aircraft filled rapidly with water. F/S Hall was the first to recover and his first thoughts were for the safety of his crew. He found the wireless operator injured and floating just below the astrodome, and in spite of the rapidly rising water and with complete disregard for his own safety, he succeeded in extricating him from the aircraft and securing him safely in a dingy. He then returned to the aircraft to search for the navigator and flight engineer who were missing. ^[12] Five members of the crew were subsequently picked up by an air/sea rescue launch, two died. In a desperate situation, aggravated by darkness, F/S Hall displayed extreme courage and coolness throughout. Unfortunately F/S Hall was killed on operations six weeks later. For his exploits F/S Hall was awarded the British Empire Medal by His Majesty King George VI, presented to his mother posthumously. ^[13]
• On 19 August 1968 Victor K1 XH646 collided in mid-air near Holt, Norfolk in bad weather with a 213 Squadron English Electric Canberra WT325, all four crew members of the Victor and all three on board the Canberra died. ^[14]

References

The radio op in the 1943 incident was Robert Victor Moorby and the navigator was Eric Smith, who died. Bob Moorby was hospitalised through his injuries and, on returning to the squadron, still unfit to fly, saw F/S Hall and a made-up crew take off on a raid, never to return. Bob Moorby wrote a letter of thanks to the Lifeboat crew from Pevensey Bay. His note is an exhibit in the Brenzett Museum on the Romney Marshes in Kent. He was later transferred to the specially-formed 100 Group for electronic jamming operations against German nightfighters. Bob Moorby's uniform, medals, remaining kit (flying helmet, caps, etc.), ops books, service record and medals were donated to the RAF museum in Norwich where the squadron's records are centred.

In Popular Culture

214 Squadron's real-life WWII bomber operations and crews at RAF Stradishall formed the basis for the 1948 and 1949 BBC Radio drama "I Shan't Be Home To Dinner", ^[15] written by BBC Radio actress Freda Falconer, ^[16] widow of 214 Squadron Observer Flt/Lt Keith Falconer D.F.C. ^[17] The play also successfully toured the UK in 1949-1950 as a stage production. Like many other RAF wives, the author chose to live by her husband's side throughout his active service, in off-base billets. She drew on her background to spearhead the drive to keep morale high on the base with her work organising concert parties and entertainment.

The play explored the powerful sense of family and mutual support engendered on the WWII RAF airfields, recording what daily life was like on the ground both for the aircrews and the wives, lovers and families who also served by their very presence and support. Written to pay tribute to the bravery of airmen, the play is very likely unique as war play written by a woman which for the first time also shone a light on the ground support of the "wives who waited" throughout the war, also one of the only dramas written by a woman to be produced in the flagship prime-time BBC Radio Saturday Night Theatre slot.

Once Russia entered the war, No 214 Squadron would play its part in Churchill's urgent drive to prove that the RAF could take the fight as far as Berlin itself. A wave of 197 bombers were launched 7 and 8 September 1941 attempting long-range targets over and around Berlin, including Wellingtons from 214 Squadron. Flt/Lt Keith Falconer had completed his tour of duty and was now due to transfer to Bramscote for a period as an instructor. Unusually the squadron's new CO, Wg Cdr G L Cruickshanks D.F.C. himself flew Vickers Wellington R1784 on the 8th September 1941 mission with a hand-picked volunteer crew: Sgt Leonard Tyne Chapman (Wireless Operator / Air Gunner), Sqn/Ldr William Davies, Fg/Off William Esplen, ^[18] (Wireless Operator / Air Gunner), Flt/Lt Keith James Falconer (Observer) and Sgt Arthur Norman Page. 214 Squadron lost only one Wellington - R1874 - with all six of its crew killed in action over Berlin. They were eventually buried together in the Pichelsberg War Cemetery, Berlin, their final sacrifice not required by duty but given voluntarily. Prior to his service career, Wing-Commander Grahame Cruickshanks ^[19] was a noted South African cricketer. Also of note, the mission's Wireless Operator William Esplen was a successful amateur racing driver and son of the founder of the famous Ercol furniture design company. ^[20] Freda Falconer told their story, with names changed, in the first version of the play broadcast as a BBC Radio Wednesday Matinee in 1948. The Radio Times reported an unusually powerful public response, with a wave of letters pouring in to the BBC after the broadcast from listeners moved by its poignant and wholly authentic depiction of a widely shared experience. ^[21] Subsequently, the story about life on 214 Squadron's RAF Stradishall base was expanded again by the author and broadcast as a Saturday Night Theatre production on 23 July 1949, ^[22] and on stages across the country, arriving back in London for Battle of Britain week 1950 at Richmond Theatre.

References

1. Jefford 1988, p. 129.
2. Pine, L G (1983). A dictionary of mottoes . London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. p.  241. ISBN   0-7100-9339-X.
3. All RNAS squadrons were renumbered by adding 200.
4. "Saint-Inglevert". Anciens Aerodromes (in French). 2015. Retrieved 16 October 2015.
5. Peden, Murray, "A Thousand Shall Fall," Dundurn (April 1, 2003), p 244
6. Hilling, John B. (1995). Strike Hard : A bomber airfield at war : RAF Downham Market and its squadrons, 1942–46 (1st ed.). Stroud, UK: Sutton. ISBN   0750909692.
7. "Obituaries: John Hereford". The Daily Telegraph . London: TMG. 13 December 2007. Retrieved 16 October 2015.
8. Peden, Murray (1997). A Thousand Shall Fall (Updated ed.). Toronto: Stoddart. p. 394. ISBN   0-7737-5967-0.
9. Jefford 1988, p. 71.
10. Geschichte 1955
11. "Five Men killed in Feltwell R.A.F. Tragedy". Lynn Advertiser. No. 4081, Vol.XCVI. King's Lynn. 30 April 1937. p. 9. Retrieved 15 April 2023– via British Newspaper Archive.
12. "No. 36245". The London Gazette (Supplement). 9 November 1943. p. 4970.
13. "No. 214 (Federated Malay States) Squadron Royal Air Force: Personnel (H)". 214squadron.org.uk. 2015. Retrieved 16 October 2015.
14. "No. 214 (Federated Malay States) Squadron Royal Air Force: Crews & Losses". 214squadron.org.uk. 2015. Retrieved 16 October 2015.
15. "I Shan't Be Home To Dinner". BBC.co.uk. BBC Genome.
16. Falconer, Freda. "actress and author Freda Falconer". imdb.com. IMDb.com Inc.
17. Falconer, Keith. "Flt/Lt Keith Falconer". 214squadron.org.uk. 214 Squadron Archive.
18. Esplen, William. "Fg/Off William Esplen". www.214squadron.org.uk. 214 Squadron Archive.
19. Cruickshanks, Grahame (20 July 1940). "G.L. Cruickshanks". "South Africa" Magazine (20 July 1940).
20. Esplen, William. "William Esplen and Ercol". 214squadron.org.uk.
21. "Radio Times archive 23 July 1949". BBC.co.uk. BBC.
22. Falconer, Freda. "Radio Times archive edition 23 July 1949". bbc.co.uk. BBC.

Bibliography

• Jefford, C G (1988). RAF Squadrons. A comprehensive record of the movement and equipment of all RAF squadrons and their antecedents since 1912. Shrewsbury: Airlife. ISBN   1-85310-053-6.
• Peden, Murray (4 December 2004). A Thousand Shall Fall. Toronto: Dundurn Press. ISBN   978-1-55002-454-8.
• History of No.'s 211–215 Squadrons at RAF Web

External links

• No. 214 Squadron history
• A site in tribute Reg Jeffcock, DFM, an ex-214 Squadron Flying Warrant Officer 1944/45
• A site dedicated to all those who served with the RAF 214 FMS Squadron