PLCB4

PLCB4
Identifiers
Aliases	PLCB4 , ARCND2, PI-PLC, phospholipase C beta 4
External IDs	OMIM: 600810 MGI: 107464 HomoloGene: 8471 GeneCards: PLCB4
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 20 (human)
End	9,481,242 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 2 (mouse)
End	135,856,513 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	parotid gland; ; sural nerve; ; bronchial epithelial cell; ; cerebellar cortex; ; cerebellar hemisphere; ; cerebellar vermis; ; retinal pigment epithelium; ; pons; ; corpus epididymis; ; rectum;
	Top expressed in
	medial geniculate nucleus; ; medial dorsal nucleus; ; parotid gland; ; iris; ; submandibular gland; ; cerebellar vermis; ; lateral geniculate nucleus; ; superior colliculus; ; lacrimal gland; ; pontine nuclei;
	More reference expression data
	; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	phospholipase C activity ; phosphoric diester hydrolase activity ; calcium ion binding ; protein binding ; hydrolase activity ; signal transducer activity ; phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C activity ;
Cellular component	cytosol ; dendrite ; nucleus ; postsynaptic density ; smooth endoplasmic reticulum ; parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapse ; glutamatergic synapse ; postsynapse ; intracellular anatomical structure ;
Biological process	lipid metabolism ; lipid catabolic process ; signal transduction ; intracellular signal transduction ; inositol phosphate metabolic process ; G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway ; modulation of chemical synaptic transmission ; inositol trisphosphate biosynthetic process ;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	5332
	18798
	ENSG00000101333
	ENSMUSG00000039943
	Q15147
	n/a
	NM_000933 ; NM_001172646 ; NM_182797
	NM_013829 ; NM_001355153 ; NM_001355154 ; NM_001355155 ; NM_001355156 Contents Function ; References ; Further reading ;
NP_000924 ; NP_001166117 ; NP_877949 ; NP_001364063 ; NP_001364064 ;
	NP_001364065 ; NP_001364071 ; NP_001364072
	n/a
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Last updated October 18, 2022

1-Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLCB4 gene.^[5]^[6]

Function

The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the formation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. This reaction uses calcium as a cofactor and plays an important role in the intracellular transduction of many extracellular signals in the retina. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.^[6]

Related Research Articles

Phosphoinositide phospholipase C is a family of eukaryotic intracellular enzymes that play an important role in signal transduction processes. These enzymes belong to a larger superfamily of Phospholipase C. Other families of phospholipase C enzymes have been identified in bacteria and trypanosomes. Phospholipases C are phosphodiesterases.

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITPR1 gene.

1-Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLCG2 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phospholipase C</span> Class of enzymes

Phospholipase C (PLC) is a class of membrane-associated enzymes that cleave phospholipids just before the phosphate group (see figure). It is most commonly taken to be synonymous with the human forms of this enzyme, which play an important role in eukaryotic cell physiology, in particular signal transduction pathways. Phospholipase C's role in signal transduction is its cleavage of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP₂) into diacyl glycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP₃), which serve as second messengers. Activators of each PLC vary, but typically include heterotrimeric G protein subunits, protein tyrosine kinases, small G proteins, Ca²⁺, and phospholipids.

5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRKAG2 gene.

1-Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate phospholipase beta-1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLCB1 gene.

Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PIK3CB gene.

1-Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLCB2 gene.

Serine/threonine-protein kinase D3 (PKD3) or PKC-nu is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRKD3 gene.

cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRKACB gene.

1-Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLCB3 gene.

1-Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLCD1 gene. PLCd1 is essential to maintain homeostasis of the skin.

Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase C2 domain-containing alpha polypeptide is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PIK3C2A gene.

1-Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase epsilon-1 (PLCE1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLCE1 gene. This gene encodes a phospholipase enzyme (PLCE1) that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate to generate two second messengers: inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). Mutations in this gene cause early-onset nephrotic syndrome and have been associated with respiratory chain deficiency with diffuse mesangial sclerosis.

cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-beta regulatory subunit is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRKAR1B gene.

1-Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLCD3 gene.

cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit gamma is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRKACG gene.

1-Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLCD4 gene.

Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase C2 domain-containing gamma polypeptide is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PIK3C2G gene.

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, type 2, also known as ITPR2, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ITPR2 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is both a receptor for inositol triphosphate and a calcium channel.

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000101333 - Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000039943 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ Alvarez RA, Ghalayini AJ, Xu P, Hardcastle A, Bhattacharya S, Rao PN, Pettenati MJ, Anderson RE, Baehr W (Feb 1996). "cDNA sequence and gene locus of the human retinal phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase-C beta 4 (PLCB4)". Genomics. 29 (1): 53–61. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.1214. PMID 8530101.
1 2 "Entrez Gene: PLCB4 phospholipase C, beta 4".

Cefai D, Debre P, Kaczorek M, et al. (1991). "Human immunodeficiency virus-1 glycoproteins gp120 and gp160 specifically inhibit the CD3/T cell-antigen receptor phosphoinositide transduction pathway". J. Clin. Invest. 86 (6): 2117–24. doi:10.1172/JCI114950. PMC 329852 . PMID 1979339.
Zauli G, Previati M, Caramelli E, et al. (1995). "Exogenous human immunodeficiency virus type-1 Tat protein selectively stimulates a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C nuclear pathway in the Jurkat T cell line". Eur. J. Immunol. 25 (9): 2695–700. doi:10.1002/eji.1830250944. PMID 7589147. S2CID 20562627.
Lyu MS, Park DJ, Rhee SG, Kozak CA (1996). "Genetic mapping of the human and mouse phospholipase C genes". Mamm. Genome. 7 (7): 501–4. doi:10.1007/s003359900151. PMID 8672127. S2CID 32396932.
Chen P, Mayne M, Power C, Nath A (1997). "The Tat protein of HIV-1 induces tumor necrosis factor-alpha production. Implications for HIV-1-associated neurological diseases". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (36): 22385–8. doi: 10.1074/jbc.272.36.22385 . PMID 9278385.
Mayne M, Bratanich AC, Chen P, et al. (1998). "HIV-1 tat molecular diversity and induction of TNF-alpha: implications for HIV-induced neurological disease". Neuroimmunomodulation. 5 (3–4): 184–92. doi:10.1159/000026336. PMID 9730685. S2CID 19529677.
Haughey NJ, Holden CP, Nath A, Geiger JD (1999). "Involvement of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-regulated stores of intracellular calcium in calcium dysregulation and neuron cell death caused by HIV-1 protein tat". J. Neurochem. 73 (4): 1363–74. doi: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0731363.x . PMID 10501179. S2CID 25410140.
Mayne M, Holden CP, Nath A, Geiger JD (2000). "Release of calcium from inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-regulated stores by HIV-1 Tat regulates TNF-alpha production in human macrophages". J. Immunol. 164 (12): 6538–42. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.164.12.6538 . PMID 10843712.
Harrington JJ, Sherf B, Rundlett S, et al. (2001). "Creation of genome-wide protein expression libraries using random activation of gene expression". Nat. Biotechnol. 19 (5): 440–5. doi:10.1038/88107. PMID 11329013. S2CID 25064683.
Deloukas P, Matthews LH, Ashurst J, et al. (2002). "The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20". Nature. 414 (6866): 865–71. Bibcode:2001Natur.414..865D. doi: 10.1038/414865a . PMID 11780052.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi: 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . PMC 139241 . PMID 12477932.
Bennasser Y, Badou A, Tkaczuk J, Bahraoui E (2003). "Signaling pathways triggered by HIV-1 Tat in human monocytes to induce TNF-alpha". Virology. 303 (1): 174–80. doi: 10.1006/viro.2002.1676 . PMID 12482669.
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi: 10.1038/ng1285 . PMID 14702039.
Hahn CG, Wang HY, Cho DS, et al. (2006). "Altered neuregulin 1-erbB4 signaling contributes to NMDA receptor hypofunction in schizophrenia". Nat. Med. 12 (7): 824–8. doi:10.1038/nm1418. PMID 16767099. S2CID 8250592.
Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, et al. (2006). "Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks". Cell. 127 (3): 635–48. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2006.09.026 . PMID 17081983. S2CID 7827573.

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000101333 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000039943 - Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid8530101-5] Alvarez RA, Ghalayini AJ, Xu P, Hardcastle A, Bhattacharya S, Rao PN, Pettenati MJ, Anderson RE, Baehr W (Feb 1996). "cDNA sequence and gene locus of the human retinal phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase-C beta 4 (PLCB4)". Genomics. 29 (1): 53–61. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.1214. PMID 8530101.

[entrez-6] 1 2 "Entrez Gene: PLCB4 phospholipase C, beta 4".

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v t e Enzymes
Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Diffusion-limited enzyme Coenzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis
Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor Enzyme activator
Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes
Kinetics	Enzyme kinetics Eadie–Hofstee diagram Hanes–Woolf plot Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics
Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list) EC7 Translocases (list)

PLCB4

Contents

Function

Related Research Articles

References

Further reading