Panthera shawi

Panthera shawi Temporal range: Late Pliocene PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Carnivora
Suborder:	Feliformia
Family:	Felidae
Subfamily:	Pantherinae
Genus:	Panthera
Species:	†P. shawi
Binomial name
†Panthera shawi (Broom, 1948)
Synonyms
Felis shawiBroom, 1948 Panthera leo shawi

Panthera shawi is an extinct prehistoric cat, of which a single canine tooth was excavated in Sterkfontein cave in South Africa by Robert Broom in the 1940s. It is thought to be one of the oldest known Panthera species in Africa. ^{[1] [2]}

Taxonomy

The original and holotype specimen, a single upper canine tooth from the Bolt's Farm locality, was described by Broom in 1948 as a new species named Felis shawi in honour of Professor Shaw. ^[3] Further material assigned to the species was recovered from the Kromdraai A and Swartkraans Member 2 localities. ^{[4] [5]}

It was later considered a subspecies Panthera leo as Panthera leo shawi by some authors. ^{[6] [7] [8]}

The few remnants of the massive P. shawi from the Early Pleistocene sites in South Africa that have been examined thus far metrically and morphologically resemble M. leo in the majority of features, but they do not actually represent lions, supporting their original descriptions and defending their own species status.<ref> The bridge between P. leo and P. shawi facilitates the interpretation of modern lion variability. However, its absolute size exceeds that of extant lions and is significantly surpassed by a specimen from the North American Late Pleistocene. <ref>

Description

The canine tooth is about 12 mm (0.47 in) long and considerably larger and thicker at the base than of a modern lion. The tooth crown measures 31 mm × 24 mm (1.22 in × 0.94 in) at the base and is 67.5 mm (2.66 in) long. ^[3]

References

1. Sabol, M. (2011). "Masters of the lost world: a hypothetical look at the temporal and spatial distribution of lion-like felids". Quaternaire. 4: 229–236.
2. Hemmer, H. (October 19, 2022). "The identity of the lion, Panthera principialis sp. nov., from the Pliocene Tanzanian site of Laetoli and its significance for molecular dating the pantherine phylogeny, with remarks on Panthera shawi (Broom, 1948), and a revision of Puma incurva (Ewer, 1956), the Early Pleistocene Swartkrans "leopard" (Carnivora, Felidae)". Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. 103 (2): 465–487. Bibcode:2023PdPe..103..465H. doi:10.1007/s12549-022-00542-2.
3. Broom, R. (1948). "Some South African Pliocene and Pleistocene mammals". Annals of the Transvaal Museum. 21 (I): 1–38.
4. Ewer, R. (1956). "The fossil carnivora of the Transvaal Caves: Felinae". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 126: 83–95. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1956.tb00426.x.
5. Turner, Alan (1990). "Late Neogene/Lower Pleistocene Felidae of Africa: Evolution and Dispersal". Quartärpaläontologie. 8: 247–256.
6. Kurtén, B. (1960). "The age of the Australopithecinae". Stockholm Contributions in Geology. 6: 9–22.
7. Hemmer, H. (1967). "Fossilbelege zur Verbreitung und Artgeschichte des Löwen, Panthera leo (Linné, 1758)". Säugetierkundliche Mitteilungen. 15: 289–300.
8. Hemmer, H. (1974). "Untersuchungen zur Stammesgeschichte der Pantherkatzen (Pantherinae). Teil III: Zur Artgeschichte des Löwen – Panthera (Panthera) leo (Linnaeus 1758)". Veröffentlichungen der Zoologischen Staatssammlung München. 17: 167–280.

<ref Hemmer, H. (October 19, 2022). "The identity of the lion, Panthera principialis sp. nov., from the Pliocene Tanzanian site of Laetoli and its significance for molecular dating the pantherine phylogeny, with remarks on Panthera shawi (Broom, 1948), and a revision of Puma incurva (Ewer, 1956), the Early Pleistocene Swartkrans "leopard" (Carnivora, Felidae)". Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. 103 (2): 465–487. Bibcode:2023PdPe..103..465H. doi:10.1007/s12549-022-00542-2>