Kalahari Deposits

Last updated
Kalahari Deposits
Stratigraphic range: Aptian
~120–113  Ma
Type Geological formation
Lithology
Primary Conglomerate
Other Mudstone
Location
Coordinates 29°30′S18°24′E / 29.5°S 18.4°E / -29.5; 18.4 Coordinates: 29°30′S18°24′E / 29.5°S 18.4°E / -29.5; 18.4
Approximate paleocoordinates 44°12′S2°18′E / 44.2°S 2.3°E / -44.2; 2.3
Region Western Cape
CountryFlag of South Africa.svg  South Africa
Type section
Named for Kalahari Desert
South Africa relief location map.svg
Lightgreen pog.svg
Kalahari Deposits (South Africa)

The Kalahari Deposits is an Early Cretaceous (Aptian) [1] geologic formation in South Africa. Dinosaur remains diagnostic to the genus level are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation. [2] The depositional environment is described as a crater lake where poorly lithified, concretionary conglomerate and volcaniclastic, intraclastic, calcareous mudstone were deposited under quiet subaqueous conditions, probably a "crater-fill succession above an olivine-melilitie intrusion". [3]

Contents

Paleofauna

See also

Related Research Articles

<i>Kangnasaurus</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Kangnasaurus is a genus of iguanodontian ornithopod dinosaur found in supposedly Early Cretaceous rocks of South Africa. It is known from a tooth and possibly some postcranial remains found in the early-Aptian Kalahari Deposits Formation. It was probably similar to Dryosaurus.

Bushveld Sandstone Geological formation of the Stormberg Group in Transvaal, South Africa

The Bushveld Sandstone is a geological formation dating to roughly between 201 and 189 million years ago and covering the Carnian to Norian stages. The Bushveld Sandstone is found in Transvaal, South Africa and is a member of the Stormberg Group. As its name suggests, it consists mainly of sandstone. Fossils of the prosauropod dinosaur Massospondylus have been recovered from the Bushveld Sandstone.

Forest Marble Formation

The Forest Marble is a geological formation in England. Part of the Great Oolite Group, it dates to back to the late Bathonian stage of the Middle Jurassic.

The Camadas de Guimarota, simply Guimarota, or Camadas de Alcobaça is a disused coal mine near the city of Leiria in central Portugal. The mine is within layers of the Alcobaça Formation, Kimmeridgian age of the Late Jurassic period, it contains a diverse array of fossil animals and plants, including dinosaurs and mammals.

Kadzi Formation

The Kadzi Formation is a geological formation in Zimbabwe whose strata date back to the Tithonian stage of the Late Jurassic. The conglomeratic sandstones and silty mudstones of the formation were deposited in an alluvial environment. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.

El Castellar Formation

The El Castellar Formation is a geological formation in La Rioja and Teruel, Spain whose strata date back to the possibly the Valanginian to the Barremian stages of the Early Cretaceous. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.

Rayoso Formation

The Rayoso Formation is a geological formation in the Neuquén Province of Argentina whose strata date back to the Aptian-Albian stages of the Early Cretaceous. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.

Dinosaur Beds

The Dinosaur Beds is a geological formation in Malawi whose strata date back to the Early Cretaceous. The age of the deposit is poorly constrained, but is likely to date from the Barremian to Aptian. Dinosaurs, turtles and crocodyliomorphs remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation. It is correlated with the Galula Formation in Tanzania. It consists of two members, a lower unfossiliferous member consisting of deep red stained sandstones, and an upper fossiliferous member consisting of white sands and grey to red mudstones and siltstones. The upper member is 210 m thick in the vicinity of the CD-9 locality.

Toolebuc Formation

The Toolebuc Formation is a geological formation that extends from Queensland across South Australia and the Northern Territory in Australia, whose strata date back to the Albian stage of the Early Cretaceous. Dinosaurs, pterosaurs, plesiosaurs, ichthyosaurs, protostegid turtles, sharks, chimaeroids and bony fish remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.

The Denver Formation is a geological formation that is present within the central part of the Denver Basin that underlies the Denver, Colorado, area. It ranges in age from latest Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) to early Paleocene, and includes sediments that were deposited before, during and after the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary event.

Almond Formation Geological formation in Wyoming, U.S.

The Almond Formation is a geological formation of Late Cretaceous age in Wyoming. It was deposited in marsh, deltaic, lagoonal, estuarine, and shallow marine environments along the western shore of the Western Interior Seaway. It consists primarily of fine- to medium-grained sandstone, siltstone, shale, and coal. Fossils from the Almond Formation include remains of dinosaurs and plants.

Trichinopoly Group

The Trichinopoly Group is a geological formation in India whose strata date back to the Late Cretaceous. It lies between the Ootatoor and Ariyalur Groups. It is broad in its southern extremity but thins as it gradually proceeds northwards as it ultimately meets the Ariyalur Group. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.

The Minhe Formation is a geological formation in northwestern China, whose strata date back to the Late Cretaceous period.

Quiriquina Formation Geological formation in Chile

The Quiriquina Formation is a geological formation in Chile whose strata date back to the Late Cretaceous. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation. The glauconitic sandstones and conglomerates of the formation were deposited in a marine environment.

Lecho Formation

The Lecho Formation is a geological formation in the Salta Basin of the provinces Jujuy and Salta of northwestern Argentina. Its strata date back to the Early Maastrichtian, and is a unit of the Salta Group. The fine-grained bioturbated sandstones of the formation were deposited in a fluvial to lacustrine coastal plain environment.

Jinju Formation Early Cretaceous geologic formation in South Korea

The Jinju Formation is an Early Cretaceous geologic formation in South Korea. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation, although none have yet been referred to a specific genus. It has been dated to the Albian stage. It predominantly consists of black shale, with sandstone packets, deposited in a fluvial-lacustrine setting.

Lianmuqin Formation

The Lianmuqin Formation, also transcribed as Lianmugin Formation, is an Early Cretaceous geologic formation composed of "interbedded red green and yellow variegated mudstones and siltstones". Dinosaur remains have been recovered from it.

Sânpetru Formation

The Sânpetru Formation is a early Maastrichtian geologic formation. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation. It is located in Romania, near Sânpetru village, part of Sântămăria-Orlea commune. It forms a component of the Hațeg Island fauna.

The Hornerstown Formation is a Paleogene or latest Mesozoic geologic formation in New Jersey. The age of these deposits have been controversial. While most fossils are of animals types known from the earliest Cenozoic era, several fossils of otherwise exclusively Cretaceous age have been found. These include remains of the shark Squalicorax, the teleost fish Enchodus, several species of ammonite, and marine lizards referred to the genus Mosasaurus. Some of these remains show signs of severe abrasion and erosion, however, implying that they are probably re-worked from older deposits. Most of these fossils are restricted to the lowest point in the formation, one rich in fossils and known as the Main Fossiliferous Layer, or MFL. Other explanations for the out-of-place fossils in the MFL is that they represent a time-averaged assemblage that built up and remained unburied during a time of low sediment deposition, or that they were stirred up from deeper in the sediment and deposited together during a tsunami.

Chipping Norton Limestone

The Chipping Norton Limestone is a geological formation in the Cotswolds, England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Bathonian. Including those of dinosaurs Cetiosaurus, Megalosaurus and Cruxicheiros as well as the Tritylodontid Stereognathus. It primarily consists of ooidal limestone.

References

  1. Ruiz-Omeñaca, José Ignacio; Pereda Suberbiola, Xavier; Galton, Peter M. (2007). "Callovosaurus leedsi, the earliest dryosaurid dinosaur (Ornithischia: Euornithopoda) from the Middle Jurassic of England". In Carpenter Kenneth (ed.). Horns and Beaks: Ceratopsian and Ornithopod Dinosaurs. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. pp. 3–16. ISBN   978-0-253-34817-3.
  2. Weishampel, et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution." Pp. 517-607.
  3. Kangnas farm, portion Goebees at Fossilworks.org
  4. "Table 19.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 417.
  5. Haughton, Sidney H. (1915). "On some dinosaur remains from Bushmanland". Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa. 5: 259–264. doi:10.1080/00359191509519723.

Bibliography