Politics of Pernambuco

Last updated
Politics of Pernambuco
Legislative BranchConstitution of 1989
Voters7,018,098 (2022) [1]
Last state elections 2022
Executive Branch
Governor Raquel Lyra (PSDB)
Vice Governor Priscila Krause (Cidadania)
Government headquarters Campo das Princesas Palace
Government website www.pe.gov.br
Legislative Branch
Parliament Legislative Assembly of Pernambuco:
  • 49 state deputies
  • 19th legislature
Federal Parliamentary Representation
Federal Senate of Brazil 3 senators:
Chamber of Deputies of Brazil 25 Federal Deputies

The politics of Pernambuco is the direction of Pernambuco's territory and the determination of the powers that make up its government structure. It is governed by three branches, the executive, the legislative, and the judiciary, [2] [3] [4] and its current constitution was enacted on October 5, 1989; the first constitution was enacted in 1891 and after that there were three others.

Contents

The executive power has as central figures the governor, who is elected to office by direct vote and has a four-year term with the right to one reelection and a vice-governor, the latter taking over the functions of the former when it's unable to exercise them for any reason; currently the positions are held by Raquel Lyra (PSDB) and Priscila Krause (Cidadania). The legislative branch is represented by the Legislative Assembly of Pernambuco (Assembleia Legislativa de Pernambuco - Alepe), which has 49 state deputies, elected every four years, whose main function is to analyze and vote on bills at the state level; the current president of Alepe is Eriberto Medeiros. The judiciary is represented by the Court of Justice of Pernambuco (Tribunal de Justiça de Pernambuco - TJPE), and its main function is to make judgments based on state laws. The court has 52 judges and is currently presided over by Adalberto de Oliveira Melo.

The symbols that represent Pernambuco are the flag, the coat of arms, and the anthem; and they symbolize its history and identity. The flag was based on the one utilized during the Pernambucan Revolution of 1817, in which the Pernambucans fought for the state's independence from the Portuguese Crown. The coat of arms has in its symbolism several elements that can be related to the history of Pernambuco, and the anthem is an exaltation of the conquests and the past of the Pernambucan people.

History

First years

Coat of Arms of the Captaincy of Pernambuco. Coat of arms of the Captaincy of Pernambuco.svg
Coat of Arms of the Captaincy of Pernambuco.

At the beginning of Brazil's colonization in 1530, King John III of Portugal (r. 1521–1557) divided the territory into hereditary captaincies [5] The first donee of the Captaincy of Pernambuco was Duarte Coelho, who took possession of it in 1535 and named it "Nova Lusitânia" [6] It became the richest in Brazil, due to the production of sugarcane, and was also the state responsible for more than half of Brazil's sugarcane exports. [6] Speaking about the center of the colonial economy, Father Fernão Cardim said that "in Pernambuco one finds more vanity than in Lisbon ", an opulence that seemed to derive, as suggested by Gabriel Soares de Sousa in 1587, from the fact that, at the time, the captaincy was "so powerful (...) that there are more than one hundred men in it who have from 1,000 to 5,000 cruzados of income, and some from 8,000 to 10,000 cruzados. From this land many rich men came out to these kingdoms that were very poor". Around the beginning of the 17th century, the Capitaincy of Pernambuco was the largest and richest sugar-producing area in the world. [7] [8] [9] [10] [11]

During the Dutch invasions in Brazil (1630-1654), the city of Recife (Mauritsstad) was the capital of the Dutch possessions in Portuguese America, called New Holland. [12] [13] When Count Maurice of Nassau, administrator of the Dutch domains, landed in New Holland on January 23, 1637, he was with artists and intellectuals such as the painter Frans Post and the humanist Elias Herckmans, along with 350 soldiers. [12] [14] Nassau's government in Pernambuco had as its main actions the investments in the infrastructure of Recife, the establishment of the political alliance with the sugarmill lords by increasing the sugar production and the reducing the taxes levied on them, establishing religious freedom. After the end of Maurice's government in 1644, the harmonious climate between the Dutch and the sugarmill lords ceased to exist, and the latter began to act to expel them, which was achieved with the Pernambuco Insurrection of 1654. [13]

Revolts that occurred in Pernambuco

One of Pernambuco's best-known historical facts is that it has been the scene of several revolts, among which the most prominent are the Mascate War (1710-1711), the Pernambuco Revolution (1817), the Confederation of the Equator (1824). [15]

Mascate War

After the Dutch invasion, many merchants from Portugal - pejoratively called "mascates" - settled in Recife, bringing prosperity to the town. Its development was viewed with suspicion by the Olindenses, largely economically struggling sugarmill lords. [16] As Recife, at the time subordinate to Olinda, grew in importance, the merchants began to claim their political-administrative autonomy, seeking to free themselves from Olinda and the authority of its City Council. [17]

In 1709, Recife officially became independent from Olinda, which left the sugarmill landlords unhappy. [17] After many fights between the Olindenses and Recifenses, the ruler Félix José de Mendonça became responsible for putting an end to this conflict, and did so in 1711, when he stipulated the imprisonment of all the Olindense landlords involved in the war and equalized the two cities politically. [17] In 1714, Recife became the capital of Pernambuco. [17]

Pernambucan Revolution

Flag of Pernambuco during the Pernambucan Revolution of 1817. Flag Pernambucan Revolt of 1817.svg
Flag of Pernambuco during the Pernambucan Revolution of 1817.

The so-called Pernambucan Revolution, also known as "Father's Revolution", was an emancipationist movement that broke out on March 6, 1817. [18] Among its causes were the influence of the Enlightenment ideas propagated by Masonic societies, Portuguese monarchical absolutism, and the enormous expenses of the royal family and its entourage newly arrived in Brazil. The Pernambuco government was obliged to send to Rio de Janeiro large sums of money to fund salaries, food, clothing, and court parties, which made it difficult to face local problems (such as the drought that occurred in 1816), generating great discontent among the Pernambucan and Brazilian people. [18] [19] In addition to Pernambuco, the Revolution was joined by the states of Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte, each of which got a star on the flag of the revolution. [20]

Even though it lasted only 74 days, the Pernambucan Revolution was the only emancipationist movement of the period of Portuguese domination that went beyond the conspiratorial phase and reached the revolutionary process of seizing power. [18] [19] The Pernambucan Revolution left a strong legacy in the history of Pernambuco, being a movement that marks the identity of the state, one of the main proofs of this being its current flag. [21]

Confederation of the Equator

The Confederation of the Equator was a revolutionary movement, of emancipationist and republican nature, which represented the main reaction against the absolutist tendency and the centralizing policy of Pedro I's government (r. 1822–1831), outlined in the Constitution of 1824, Brazil's first constitution. [22] Pernambuco did not accept it, and Manuel de Carvalho Pais de Andrade, president of the province, proclaimed the Confederation of the Equator, which united Pernambuco, Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte. [23] The central objective was the creation of a sovereign state separate from the empire, with sovereignty and autonomy of the confederated provinces. [23] The movement also included the participation of Cipriano Barata and had as its best-known figure Frei Caneca. [23] [24]

The central government, in Rio de Janeiro, carefully watched the development of the revolt and prepared from the beginning the repression. [25] To this end, military force was used, organized and led by Brigadier Francisco de Lima e Silva, who headed the land forces, and Thomas Cochrane, an English mercenary who structured and commanded the naval offensive. [25] In 1824, the rebels were arrested and Frei Caneca was sentenced to hang. However, faced with the executioner's refusal to carry out the sentence, he was eventually shot. [23] [26] Many other rebels received the same penalty, while a few others fled. [23]

Recent history

In the early years of the Brazilian Republic, Recife was still a very influential city: it was second in political-economic importance only to Rio de Janeiro. [27] On July 26, 1930, the lawyer and politician João Pessoa, who had been that year a candidate for vice president on the ticket headed by Getúlio Vargas, was assassinated by João Duarte Dantas at the Glória Confectionery in Nova Street, downtown Recife. [28] The crime was one of the triggers of the Brazilian Revolution of 1930. [28]

In 1966, there was a terrorist attack on General Arthur da Costa e Silva, candidate to the presidency of the republic, while he was landing at Guararapes Airport. [29] There were dead and wounded, but the future president escaped, arriving in Recife by car from João Pessoa. [29] As this was one of the main centers of action of the Military Regime, it was in the metropolis of Pernambuco that the " Diretas Já " movement began in 1983, which expanded throughout the country and was responsible for hastening the end of the dictatorship in Brazil. [30] [31]

Constitution

The current Constitution of Pernambuco was enacted, later increased by changes resulting from constitutional amendments, on October 5, 1989, by the state constituent assembly. [32] The first constitution was enacted on June 17, 1891, and after it three more (not counting the current one) were enacted in 1935, 1947, and 1967. [33]

The president of the state constituent assembly was João Ferreira Lima Filho and the rapporteur of the constitution was Marcus Antonio Soares da Cunha. [32] [34] Other notable people who participated in the drafting of the constitution include: former governor and former minister of education Mendonça Filho, former president of the Chamber of Deputies Severino Cavalcanti, and João Lyra Filho, who is the father of former governor João Lyra Neto and grandfather of the current governor, Raquel Lyra. [32] [34]

On November 20, 2014, in commemoration of the 25th anniversary of Pernambuco's constitution, Alepe honored with medals the deputies who were part of the constituent assembly and two public servants who participated in the drafting of the document. [34] [35] The commendation of the tribute was created through Resolution No. 1,268, October 8, 2014; the commission responsible for organizing the solemnity was chaired by André Campos, and included the participation of Raquel Lyra [note 1] and Tony Gel. [35]

Government structure

Executive

Campo das Princesas Palace, headquarters of Pernambuco's executive power. Palacio do Campo das Princesas - Recife - Pernambuco - Brasil.jpg
Campo das Princesas Palace, headquarters of Pernambuco's executive power.

Pernambuco's executive power has as its most important figure the governor, who is elected by the population in universal suffrage, through direct and secret ballot, every four years, and an incumbent governor can be reelected for another term. [36] [37]

Its headquarters, since 1841, is the Campo das Princesas Palace, located in Recife and built by the engineer Morais Âncora at the behest of the governor Francisco do Rego Barros. Idealized since 1786, the palace has this name due to a visit of the emperor Pedro II (r. 1831–1889) and his family, being initially a tribute of the people to the emperor's daughters and an expression of sympathy for the imperial family. [38] In 1967, during the government of Nilo Coelho, and the presidency of Arthur da Costa e Silva, the palace was used as the seat of the federal government. [38]

The governor has the following administrative functions: [32] [note 2]

There is also the vice-governor, who replaces the governor in case the latter resigns from his position, is removed from power, or needs to leave office temporarily. Currently, the position is held by Priscila Krause. [39] [40] If the positions of governor and vice-governor become vacant for any reason, the presidents of the Legislative Assembly and the Court of Justice will take office successively and a new election will be held ninety days later, except if this happens in the governor's last year in office, in which case the remaining period will complete in this way without elections. If the vacancy occurs in the penultimate year, the election will occur indirectly thirty days later. [32] [note 4]

Executive Branch Structure
AgencyFunctionSource
Special AdvisoryTo advise the governor in any matter concerning the management of the public administration and in relations with officials of foreign governments. [41]
Military houseExecution of national and international cooperation programs and projects. [42]
Strategic Projects OfficeDevelop and manage actions to implement projects in articulation with the federal government, other states, and municipalities. [43]
Governor's OfficeDirect and immediate support for the governor. [44]
Prosecutor General's OfficeExercise legal, judicial and extrajudicial representation. [45]
Secretariat of the Civil HouseTo promote the direct articulation of the executive branch with the other branches of government and with the municipalities. [46]
Secretariat of the State Comptroller GeneralCoordinate the public administration's internal control system. [47]
Secretariat of FinanceDevelop and execute tax policy. [48]
Secretariat of the WomenDevelop policies for women. [49]
Secretariat of AdministrationActions in the administrative systems of personnel management, property management, transportation and communication in the state public administration. [50]
Secretariat of Science, Technology and InnovationFormulate, foster, and execute actions aimed at scientific and technological development. [51]
Secretariat of Culture Cultural policy actions. [52]
Secretariat of Social DefenseTo promote the defense of citizens' rights and social normalcy. [53]
Secretariat of Agrarian DevelopmentTo develop agricultural policy actions, according to the characteristics and peculiarities of each region. [54]
Secretariat of Economic DevelopmentPlan, promote, and execute the economic development policy in the industrial, commercial, and service sectors. [55]
Secretariat of Social Development, Children and Youth, and Drug PreventionPromote and expand social development with actions together with other public agencies and society. As of 2023, it became responsible for actions related to drug policy. [56] [57]
Secretariat of Urban Development and HousingUrban development actions and execution of the government's housing policies. [58]
Secretariat of Education and SportsPolicies of education and enabling cultural action. [59]
Secretariat of Press (currently known as the Secretariat of Communication)Directly assisting the governor in the performance of his duties with regard to issues involving the press or the use of the media. [60]
Secretariat of Infrastructure and Water Resources (currently known as the Secretariat of Mobility and Infrastructure)Formulate and execute state policies for water resources, infrastructure, sanitation and energy. [61]
Secretariat of Justice and Human RightsTo carry out activities related to the areas of justice, human rights, and citizenship, aiming at social development and guaranteeing the rights of all citizens, including social minorities. [62]
Secretariat of Environment and SustainabilityActions related to environmental protection [63]
Secretariat of Planning and ManagementTo plan, develop, and monitor actions aimed at territorial, economic, and social development. [64]
Secretariat of HealthDevelop health-related policies. [65]
Secretariat of Tourism and LeisureTo promote integrated and articulated management with the other government spheres and with the private sector for tourism development policies. [66]
Secretariat of Labor, Employment and Qualification (currently known as the Secretariat of Professional Development and Entrepreneurship)Encourage entrepreneurship activities. [67]

Legislative

Joaquim Nabuco Palace, headquarters of the Legislative Power of Pernambuco for 142 years, is now a museum that tells the history of the Legislative Assembly of Pernambuco (Alepe). Assembleia Legislativa de Pernambuco02.jpg
Joaquim Nabuco Palace, headquarters of the Legislative Power of Pernambuco for 142 years, is now a museum that tells the history of the Legislative Assembly of Pernambuco (Alepe).

The legislative power is unicameral and represented by the Legislative Assembly of Pernambuco (Alepe), consisting of 49 deputies, who are elected every four years, and its headquarters is located in the Boa Vista neighbourhood. In the National Congress, Pernambuco is represented by three Senators and 25 Federal Deputies. [68] The main functions of the state deputies are to propose, analyze and vote bills. The deputies also have as responsibilities the inspection and/or investigation of the executive branch and the elaboration of the annual budget laws. [69]

Alepe has a board of directors composed of 7 deputies, 16 standing commissions, and in some situations, parliamentarians have the right to form special commissions, of a temporary nature, to deal with specific issues or establish a Parliamentary Commission of Inquiry (Comissão Parlamentar de Inquérito - CPI). [70] [71] The current president of Alepe is Eriberto Medeiros (PSB). [72] [73]

For many years, the seat of Alepe was the Joaquim Nabuco Palace, whose name, since 1948, is a tribute to the abolitionist of the same name and founder of the Brazilian Academy of Letters (Academia Brasileira de Letras - ABL). [74] Its construction, which had its approval by Provincial Law No. 963, was started in 1870, and its inauguration occurred on March 1, 1875. The author of the project was the engineer José Tibúrcio Pereira de Magalhães and the work was carried out by the architect José Inácio D'Ávila. [75] After functioning as the seat of the legislative power for much of its history, the Joaquim Nabuco Palace ceased to have this function as of August 1, 2017 and became the State Legislative Museum, displaying various objects and documents that show the history of this power, the palace is now open to visits by tourists and students. [76] [77] [78] The current headquarters of the state legislative power is the Governor Miguel Arraes de Alencar Building, which is named after former governor Miguel Arraes. The plenary of the new headquarters is called Governor Eduardo Campos Plenary. [77] [79] [80]

Court of Accounts

The Court of Accounts of Pernambuco (Tribunal de Contas de Pernambuco - TCE-PE) has as its primary functions to assist the legislative power in the external control of the entire public administration and to supervise the application of all public money belonging to the state and municipalities. [81] This inspection occurs in all powers and in the 184 municipalities of Pernambuco, including public entities with decentralized administration and indirect administration (autarchies, foundations, public companies and mixed economy companies). [81] The Court of Auditors was installed on October 15, 1968, by then governor Nilo Coelho. [82]

The TCE-PE is a collegiate body composed of a full court and two deliberative chambers that have three councilors each. [83] The full court is the highest instance of deliberation and has seven councilors, among them the president of the Court of Accounts, who is elected to assume a two-year term; currently the position belongs to Marcos Loreto. [84] Among its members, besides the president, the full court also has a vice president, a general ombudsman, an ombudsman, the director of the Professor Barreto Guimarães School of Public Accounts (Escola de Contas Públicas Professor Barreto Guimarães - ECPBG, created in 1998) [82] and the presidents of the two chambers. [85]

In the legal world, there is a national debate on the question of the autonomy of the Courts of Accounts between jurists who understand that article 71 of the 1988 Federal Constitution places a Court of Accounts as an integral body of the legislative branch and those who believe that the Courts of Accounts are independent and autonomous bodies that eventually assist it. [86] On the official website of the TCE-PE, it is said that the body is independent. [81]

Judiciary

Palace of Justice, headquarters of the judicial power of Pernambuco. Tribunal de Justica de Pernambuco - Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil(2).jpg
Palace of Justice, headquarters of the judicial power of Pernambuco.

The judiciary has the function of judging, according to laws created by the legislature and Brazilian constitutional rules, and is composed of judges, justices, and ministers. [4] Currently, the highest court in Pernambuco's judiciary is the Court of Justice of Pernambuco (TJPE), located in the República Square. [87] Nowadays, the Court of Justice consists of a full court of 52 judges, 4 of whom occupy the court's board for a two-year term, and 20 (including the 4 on the board) make up a Special Organ, [88] currently its president is Luiz Carlos de Barros Figueiredo. [89]

The TJPE came into existence by charter of João VI on February 6, 1821. At the time, it was called Court of Appeals of Pernambuco and was established in a space inside the former Jesuits' School of Recife on August 13, 1822. [90] After that, the court's headquarters were moved several times until the current one, the Palace of Justice, was built in 1930. [90] The idea of building the Palace of Justice originated in the government of Sérgio Loreto, who laid the cornerstone of the building on July 2, 1924, in commemoration of the first centennial of the Confederation of the Equator and who was responsible for several modernization works in the city of Recife due to the influence generated by the urbanization of European metropolises such as Paris. [90] It was designed by Italian architect Giacomo Palumbo, who had the collaboration of Evaristo de Sá; the built project was the fourth to be presented. [90] The construction of the Palace of Justice lasted six years and eventually suffered a halt of almost two years between 1926 and 1928, so it was inaugurated under the government of Estácio Coimbra on September 7, 1930. [90]

Public Prosecutor's Office

The Public Prosecutor's Office of Pernambuco (Ministério Público de Pernambuco - MPPE) is a state subdivision of the Federal Public Prosecutor's Office (Ministério Público Federal - MPF) and among its functions are the defense of the legal order, that is, the enforcement of the law, the investigation and external control of police activity, the defense of individual and collective interests of citizens and the defense of the national, public and social heritage; the 1988 Constitution assures the Public Prosecutor's Office functional and administrative autonomy, i.e., it is not subordinated to any of the three branches of government. [91]

The MPPE is presided over by the attorney general, who is appointed by the governor after evaluation of a triple list and remains in office for a minimum of two years, with no term limits for reappointment; the current incumbent is Marcos Carvalho. [92] The administrative structure of the state prosecutor's office also has three deputy attorney general, a chief and a cabinet coordinator, and four technical advisory offices, one with two people and the other three with four people each. [93]

Fernando de Noronha

Flag of Fernando de Noronha. Bandeira de Fernando de Noronha.png
Flag of Fernando de Noronha.

Fernando de Noronha is a Brazilian archipelago in Pernambuco. Its discovery in 1503 is attributed to the navigator Amerigo Vespúcio, a participant in the second exploratory expedition to the Brazilian coasts, commanded by Gonçalo Coelho and financed by the Portuguese nobleman Fernão de Loronha, a New Christian who was a lessee of Pau-Brasil extraction. [94]

As provided in article 96 of the state constitution, it is a geo-economic, social, and cultural region of Pernambuco, established in the form of a state district. The general administrator of Fernando de Noronha is appointed by the governor, with the prior approval of the Legislative Assembly; [32] the position is currently held by Thallyta Figueirôa, the first woman to assume the position. [57] [95] In addition to the general administrator, the archipelago also has three directorates, the Administrative and Financial Directorate, the Infrastructure and Sustainability Directorate, and the Special Projects Directorate. [96] Following an administrative reform proposed by Governor Raquel Lyra and approved by Alepe, the administration of Fernando de Noronha ceased to be directly subordinated to the governor and became the responsibility of the Secretariat of Environment in January 2023. [57] [95]

As Fernando de Noronha is a special district, local voters do not vote for mayor or councilor, and do not have in their electoral calendar municipal elections, so they vote every four years, and not every two as Brazilian municipalities do. [97] However, the voters of Fernando de Noronha have the right to vote in elections at the national, state and, at the local level, citizens have the right to elect seven district councilors, who are the representatives of the community and exercise activity similar to that of a councilor. [32] [97] Voters in Fernando de Noronha are the first to vote and close polling places in Brazil because the district's time zone, with its location closest to the Greenwich Meridian, is one hour longer than Brasilia time. [98] Fernando de Noronha is not considered a municipality because to be a municipality in Brazil a given region must meet certain requirements, such as having a minimum number of voters and possessing economic autonomy. [97]

Voter statistics

In 2022 Pernambuco had a total of 7,018,098 voters distributed among 185 municipalities. Of this number, more than 53% were women. The growth in relation to the 2020 election was 4.24%. [1] In Pernambuco, 1,689 people from the LGBT public were able to use a social name on their title. [1] In 2018, the cancellation of voter's titles and the prohibition to vote of voters who did not have biometric registration, something close to 3.3 million people nationally, [99] [100] affected 28.4% of Pernambuco's electorate, making the amount of Pernambuco voters eligible to vote in 2018 approximately 4.7 million people. [101]

Recife is the municipality with the largest number of voters, with 1,215,546. It is followed by Jaboatão dos Guararapes, with 478,789 voters, Olinda (297,800) and Caruaru (239,299). [101] [102] The municipality with the smallest number of voters is Ingazeira, with just over four thousand. [1] In Pernambuco there are also municipalities with more voters than inhabitants, the largest difference in the state, in 2020, coming from the city of Cumaru, with 5,143 more voters, the city also has the largest difference in absolute numbers in Brazil, besides Cumaru the municipalities of Brejinho, Calumbi and Sairé have more voters than inhabitants. [103]

Access to information

Transparency

Since 2007, the government of Pernambuco has had an official transparency portal that is maintained by the Secretariat of the State Comptroller General (Secretaria da Controladoria-Geral do Estado - SCGE). According to the portal, the state is a pioneer and national reference in this regard. [104] The portal has information on state expenditures and budget, the annual rendering of accounts, fiscal reports, and state assets. [104]

The Comptroller General of the Union (Controladoria-Geral da União - CGU), since 2015, evaluates states and municipalities in a transparency ranking known as the Transparent Brazil Scale (Escala Brasil Transparente - EBT). [105] In the first edition of the ranking, the state ranked eleventh (8.61), with the same score as Tocantins. [106] In the second, it had its worst performance in this ranking, with the twentieth position (6.67), in a drop of almost two points in relation to the previous edition. [107] In the following edition it had its best performance, with the first place (10), but in this edition, twelve states were tied in this position. [108] In the first release of the result of the 2018 edition of EBT, which occurred on December 12, 2018, Pernambuco had ranked first on the scale (with a score of 9.4) [109] and this fact was publicized by the Pernambuco press and by the governor, in a post on a social network. [110] [111] However, there were requests for grade revision by some states and municipalities analyzed by the ranking that year and part of them were accepted by CGU, which released the final result on February 28, 2019. [112] After the revision, the state of Pernambuco was ranked fourth, the same as Santa Catarina, and the state that reached the first place was Mato Grosso do Sul, taking the score 9.64. [112] Pernambuco was not one of the states that requested revision of its score, so it was not changed. [112]

The EBT is also used to assess transparency in municipalities. [105] In relation to Pernambuco's municipalities, Recife has always taken the top Pernambuco position in the overall ranking and when assessing only the state's municipalities. [106] [107] [108] [113] However, in the second and third editions the municipalities of São Vicente Férrer and Serra Talhada also took the top score. [107] [108] In the 2018 edition, Recife had ranked second among Brazilian capitals in the first disclosure, behind only Vitória, but it moved up to the highest score after its score was raised from 9.76 to 9.9. [112] [113]

The Court of Accounts also does its own transparency ranking among Pernambuco municipalities, the ITMPE. [114] The assessment has been done since 2015 for municipalities and since 2017 for city councils. [114] It uses the scales desirable (between 0.75 and 1), moderate (0.5 and 0.75), insufficient (0.25 and 0.5), critical (0.01 and 0.25), and non-existent with a score of 0, [115] and the values of the scores were up to 1000 (for example desirable would be 750 up to 1000) before 2018. [116] In the 2015 and 2016 editions, the only city hall to reach the desirable scale was Recife. [116] In the 2017 edition Jaboatão dos Guararapes entered this scale and in the 2018 edition 101 more city halls also entered, making their percentage increase from 1.09% to 56%. [115] The municipality of Recife was in first place in all editions except the 2018 edition, in this one it was the municipality of Jaboatão dos Guararapes with an index of 0.94. [116] [117] [118] [119] With respect to municipal councils, in the 2017 edition none reached the desirable scale, the one that ranked first was the one of Palmeirina (the one of Recife was in the 48th position). [120] In the 2018 edition, 56 councils (30.4% of the total), including Recife, reached the maximum scale, and the one that ranked first was Lagoa do Ouro, with an index of 0.96 (Recife's index: 0.83). [121] [122] [123]

Electoral corruption

Based on data released by the Superior Electoral Court, the Anti-Electoral Corruption Movement released a balance sheet on October 4, 2007, listing the parties and states with the highest number of parliamentarians terminated for corruption since 2000. [124] Pernambuco appears in fifteenth place on the list, with 14 parliamentarians terminated, tying in that position with Pará and Maranhão. [125]

State symbols

Flag

Flag of Pernambuco. Bandeira de Pernambuco.svg
Flag of Pernambuco.

The current flag of Pernambuco is inspired by the Pernambucan Revolution. It is similar to the one used by the revolutionaries of 1817. The only difference between the two flags is that the current flag has one star in the center instead of three. [20] The 1817 flag was made by priest João Ribeiro de Melo Montenegro with the collaboration of Antônio Alvares and tailor José do Ó Barbosa and, after being forgotten for some time, was rescued by governor Manuel Borba for the commemoration of the centenary of the revolution through decree No. 459/1917. [126] The flag of the Pernambucan Revolution was hoisted for the first time on April 2, 1817. [32]

According to the state government's website, the blue color of the upper rectangle symbolizes the greatness of Pernambuco's sky; the white color represents peace; the rainbow in three colors (green, yellow, red) represents the union of all Pernambucans; the star characterizes the state in the federation as a whole; the sun is Pernambuco's strength and energy, and the cross represents faith in justice and understanding. [126]

Coat of arms

Coat of arms of Pernambuco. Brasao de Pernambuco.svg
Coat of arms of Pernambuco.

The coat of arms of Pernambuco was made official by Governor Barbosa Lima through State Law No. 75 of May 21, 1895. [32] [126] One of the symbols of the coat of arms, the Barra lighthouse was originally built in 1822 as part of the old Barra Fort. In 1931 the lighthouse was even deactivated because it was considered outdated, but was reactivated a year later and, after a transfer in 1938, was relocated to its original place in 1945. [127] [128]

The coat of arms was even revitalized by researcher Jobson Figueiredo in 1997, at the request of Judge Itamar Pereira da Silva, then general corregedor of justice, [129] before this revitalization the coat of arms was produced randomly and without any official confection methodology, Jobson's work was registered with the Archeological, Historical and Geographical Institute of Pernambuco and is used as the standard format to represent the coat of arms. [130] [131]

In the symbolism of the state coat of arms, the lion represents the bravery of the Pernambucanian people; the cotton and sugarcane branches symbolize the state's riches; the sun is the shining light of the equator; the stars are the Pernambuco municipalities. Still on the coat of arms are the sea of Recife and the lighthouse of Barra Fort, from which the city of Olinda can be seen. On the banner, the most important historical dates appear: 1710 (Mascate War), 1817 (Pernambucan Revolution), 1824 (Confederation of the Equator), and 1889 (Proclamation of the Republic). [126]

Anthem

The Pernambuco Anthem was composed in 1908 with the lyrics of Oscar Brandão da Rocha and the composition of Nicolino Milano. [126] The anthem extols the historical achievements of the Pernambucan people and the various battles that have marked the state's past. [132]

In 2002, during Jarbas Vasconcelos' first term in office, the government acted in partnership with the Recife City Hall and the Secretariat of Tourism to promote a wider dissemination of the anthem through its re-recording in the most varied rhythms, such as frevo, forró, and manguebeat. Artists such as Alceu Valença, Dominguinhos, and Cannibal from the band Devotos were part of this project. [133]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Raquel Lyra also represented her grandfather, João Lyra Filho, at the event and received the medal in his name, as he had already passed away. [35]
  2. ↑ Chapter III, Section II - article 37
  3. ↑ Items VII, IX through XII, XIV and XVI
  4. ↑ Chapter III, Section I - article 36

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pernambuco</span> State of Brazil

Pernambuco is a state of Brazil, located in the Northeast region of the country. With an estimated population of 9 million people as of 2022, making it seventh-most populous state of Brazil and with around 98,067.877 km2, being the 19th-largest in area among federative units of the country, it is the sixth-most densely populated with around 89 people per km2. Its capital and largest city, Recife, is one of the most important economic and urban hubs in the country. Based on 2019 estimates, the Recife Metropolitan Region is seventh-most populous in the country, and the second-largest in northeastern Brazil. In 2015, the state had 4.4% of the national population and produced 2.8% of the national gross domestic product (GDP).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Comptroller General of Brazil</span> Former Brazilian government body

The Comptroller General of the Union, is a branch of the Brazilian federal government tasked with assisting the president regarding the treasury and public assets and the government's transparency policies. These tasks are carried out by way of public audits, fraud deterrence procedures, and other sort of internal control, corruption prevention, and ombudsman activities. It is also the central body of the Federal Government Internal Control System, responsible for supervising, managing and regulating the offices of the government.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arena Pernambuco</span> Stadium in São Lourenço da Mata, Brazil

Arena Pernambuco, officially named Estádio Governador Carlos Wilson Campos, is a multi-use stadium with a capacity of 45,440 spectators located in the western suburbs of the Recife metropolitan area, in São Lourenço da Mata, Brazil. It is mostly used for football matches and was notably used to host some matches during the 2014 FIFA World Cup.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anti-discrimination laws in Brazil</span>

Anti-discrimination laws in Brazil are present in the Constitution of Brazil, in the labour law, in the child and adolescent law, in the ageing law, and in the penal code.

Vitorino de Brito Freire was a Brazilian politician and congressman.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Legislative Assembly of Pernambuco</span>


The Legislative Assembly of Pernambuco is the unicameral legislature of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. It has 49 state deputies elected by proportional representation. The most recent election was in 2018, with the Brazilian Socialist Party leading the coalition government.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Calmon Viana (CPTM)</span> Railway station in São Paulo, Brazil

Calmon Viana is a train station on CPTM Lines Line 11-Coral and 12-Sapphire, located in Calmon Viana, district of Poá.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Armando de Sales Oliveira</span> Brazilian politician

Armando de Sales Oliveira was a Brazilian politician. He was born and died in São Paulo.

Guilherme Uchoa was a Brazilian politician and former judge. Uchoa served as the President of the Legislative Assembly of Pernambuco for six consecutive terms until his death in office in 2018. He was first elected to the state Legislative Assembly of Pernambuco in 1994.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">São Caetano do Sul-Pref. Walter Braido (CPTM)</span> Railway station in São Paulo, Brazil

São Caetano do Sul–Prefeito Walter Braido, unofficially called only as São Caetano or São Caetano do Sul, is a train station on CPTM Line 10-Turquoise.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bárbara de Alencar</span> Brazilian anti-monarchist revolutionary

Bárbara Pereira de Alencar was a Brazilian merchant and revolutionary, who was a major figure in the Pernambucan revolt. She was briefly the president of the Republic of Crato, which was set up in revolt against the Brazilian government. Within 8 days she was captured and tortured by the monarchy, making her the first political prisoner in the history of Brazil.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Antônio Coelho de Sá e Albuquerque</span>

Antônio Coelho de Sá e Albuquerque was a Brazilian landowner, lawyer and politician who was notable for being one of the main figures of the Christie Question as well as the governor of several Brazilian states.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 Paraná gubernatorial election</span> Gubernatorial election in Brazil

The 2022 Paraná state election took place in the state of Paraná, Brazil on 2 October 2022. Voters elected a Governor, Vice Governor, one Senator, 30 representatives for the Chamber of Deputies, and 54 Legislative Assembly members. The incumbent Governor, Ratinho Júnior, of the Social Democratic Party (PSD), was reelected in the first round with 69.64% of the votes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Governor of Rio Grande do Sul</span> Head of Government of Rio Grande do Sul

The governor of Rio Grande do Sul is the head of government of the state's executive branch, assisted by his secretaries, whom he freely chooses. Elected by absolute majority in universal suffrage, together with the vice-governor, his term lasts four years; since 1997, reelection has been possible, and although all have sought it, none has succeeded. The current governor is Eduardo Leite, since January 1, 2023.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 Pernambuco gubernatorial election</span> 2022 Pernambuco gubernatorial election

The 2022 Pernambuco state elections took place in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil on 2 October 2022. Voters elected a governor, vice governor, one senator, 25 representatives for the Chamber of Deputies, and 49 Legislative Assembly members. Paulo Câmara, the incumbent governor of Pernambuco, was reelected in the first round in 2018 Pernambuco gubernatorial election, with 1,918,219 votes, the equivalent to 50.70% of the valid votes. He wasn't eligible for a new term, since he ran for governor in 2014 and 2018. In a crowded field, former mayor of Caruaru Raquel Lyra (PSDB) defeated Federal Deputy Marília Arraes (Solidarity) by close to 20 points in the second round. She was inaugurated on 1 January 2023.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 Bahia gubernatorial election</span> Gubernatorial election held in Brazil

The 2022 Bahia state election took place in the state of Bahia, Brazil on 2 October 2022. The elections saw voters choose a Governor and Vice Governor, one Senator, 39 representatives for the Chamber of Deputies, and 63 Legislative Assembly members. The incumbent Governor, Rui Costa, of the Workers' Party (PT), was not eligible for a third term since he ran for governor in 2014 and 2018. In a significant upset, PT nominee and Secretary of Education Jerônimo led Mayor of Salvador ACM Neto in the first round of elections despite the vast majority of registered opinion polls indicating the leadership or even outright victory of Neto. In the end, Jerônimo obtained 49.45% of valid votes to ACM's 40.8%; less than a percentage point within of winning the election in the first round. Nevertheless, as no candidate obtained a majority of the vote, there will be a second round election on October 30 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 Maranhão gubernatorial election</span> General election

The 2022 Maranhão gubernatorial election took place in the state of Maranhão, Brazil on 2 October 2022, as part of the 2022 Brazilian general election in the Federal District and the 26 states. Voters will elect a Governor, Vice Governor, one Senator, two Alternate Senators, 18 representatives for the Chamber of Deputies, and 42 Legislative Assembly members. Under the Constitution of Brazil, the governor will be elected for a four-year term starting 1 January 2023 and with the approval of Constitutional Amendment No. 111, it will end on 6 January 2027. If the first place does not reach more than 50% of the valid votes, a second round will be held on 30 October 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Renan Contar</span> Brazilian politician

Renan Barbosa Contar is a Brazilian retired military officer and politician. Contar was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Mato Grosso do Sul from 2019 to 2023. He ran in the 2022 Mato Grosso do Sul state election as a candidate for governor, but was defeated by Eduardo Riedel (PSDB) on the second round. He attended the Preparatory School of Cadets for the Army in 2002 in Campinas, Brazil. He graduated from the Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras in 2006 in Resende.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">José Eriberto Medeiros</span> Brazilian politician

José Eriberto Medeiros is a Brazilian politician affiliated with the Brazilian Socialist Party (PSB). He was a state deputy and president of the Legislative Assembly of Pernambuco (Alepe). In 2022, he was elected federal deputy.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Confira os detalhes do eleitorado de Pernambuco para as Eleições 2022". Tribunal Regional Eleitoral de Pernambuco (in Portuguese). July 22, 2022. Retrieved January 22, 2021.
  2. ↑ "Poder Executivo Estadual: o que é e como funciona". Politize (in Portuguese). May 16, 2018. Retrieved January 26, 2017.
  3. ↑ "O que é o Poder Legislativo (e qual é a função)". Significados (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 26, 2019.
  4. 1 2 "Poder Judiciario". Jusbrasil (in Portuguese). Retrieved March 15, 2019.
  5. ↑ Bueno (2019). Capitães do Brasil: A saga dos primeiros colonizadores (PDF). pp. 7–9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-11-12.
  6. 1 2 "História de Pernambuco". Governo de Pernambuco (in Portuguese). Retrieved February 25, 2019.
  7. ↑ Silva (2001). A faina, a festa e o rito: uma etnografia histórica sobre as gentes do mar (sécs. XVII ao XIX). ISBN   9788530806354.
  8. ↑ Gândavo (1980). Tratado da Terra do Brasil; História da Província Santa Cruz (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-04-16.
  9. ↑ Hemming (2007). Ouro vermelho: a conquista dos índios brasileiros. p. 135. ISBN   9788531409608.
  10. ↑ Bezerra, Janaína Santos (August 17, 2010). "Fragmentos de um Recife Setecentista: Configurações Urbanas e Realizações Culturais". história e-história (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on September 19, 2016. Retrieved February 25, 2010.
  11. ↑ "Recife — cidade que surgiu do açúcar". Biblioteca on-line da Torre de Vigia (in Portuguese). Retrieved February 25, 2019.
  12. 1 2 Dobbin, Elizabeth. "Maurício de Nassau". Fundação Joaquim Nabuco (in Portuguese). Retrieved March 15, 2019.
  13. 1 2 Ramos, Jefferson Evandro Machado (November 20, 2016). "Governo de Nassau em Pernambuco: resumo das características". História do Brasil (in Portuguese). Retrieved February 26, 2019.
  14. ↑ Frazão, Dilva. "Biografia de Maurício de Nassau". eBiografias (in Portuguese). Retrieved February 25, 2019.
  15. ↑ "De quantas revoltas é feito Pernambuco". Folha PE (in Portuguese). March 6, 2017. Retrieved February 26, 2019.
  16. ↑ "História – Guerra dos Mascates". Guia do Estudante (in Portuguese). July 18, 2013. Retrieved March 14, 2019.
  17. 1 2 3 4 "Guerra dos Mascates". Só História (in Portuguese). Retrieved February 26, 2019.
  18. 1 2 3 "Revolução pernambucana - República em Pernambuco durou 75 dias". UOL Educação (in Portuguese). Retrieved February 26, 2019.
  19. 1 2 Ramos, Jefferson Evandro Machado. "Revolução Pernambucana - resumo, o que foi, causas, objetivo". História do Brasil. Retrieved March 15, 2019.
  20. 1 2 "Brasões e Bandeiras do Brasil" (PDF). Prefeitura da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 21, 2019.
  21. ↑ Nascimento, Anamaria (March 5, 2017). "A Revolução que ousou mudar o Brasil". Diario de Pernambuco (in Portuguese). Retrieved February 26, 2019.
  22. ↑ "Confederação do Equador". Britannica Escola (in Portuguese). Retrieved February 26, 2019.
  23. 1 2 3 4 5 Ramos, Jefferson Evandro Machado (September 18, 2006). "Confederação do Equador - resumo, causas, história". História do Brasil (in Portuguese). Retrieved March 15, 2019.
  24. ↑ Ramos, Jefferson Evandro Machado. "Cipriano Barata - quem foi, biografia resumida". História do Brasil (in Portuguese). Retrieved February 26, 2019.
  25. 1 2 Gouvêa, Viviane (June 4, 2018). "Confederação do Equador". História Luso-Brasileira - Arquivo Nacional (in Portuguese). Retrieved March 15, 2019.
  26. ↑ Frazão, Dilva. "Biografia de Frei Caneca". eBiografia (in Portuguese). Retrieved March 15, 2019.
  27. ↑ Asfora (2002). Palestinos: a saga de seus descendentes. p. 24.
  28. 1 2 Neto (2012). Getúlio (1882-1930): Dos anos de formação à conquista do poder.
  29. 1 2 "Comissão da Verdade apresenta documentos oficiais sobre autoria da bomba no aeroporto dos Guararapes". December 6, 2013. Archived from the original on April 28, 2016. Retrieved February 26, 2019.
  30. ↑ Bassan, Pedro (April 1, 2014). "Forças Armadas vão investigar casos de tortura durante o regime militar". G1 (in Portuguese). Retrieved February 26, 2019.
  31. ↑ "Votação da emenda da Diretas Já completa 30 anos". G1 (in Portuguese). April 25, 2014. Retrieved February 26, 2019.
  32. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Constituição do Estado de Pernambuco". Alepe - Assembleia Legislativa do Estado de Pernambuco. Retrieved January 21, 2018.
  33. ↑ "História da Alepe". Alepe - Assembleia Legislativa do Estado de Pernambuco (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 21, 2019.
  34. 1 2 3 "Assembleia celebra 30 anos da Constituição Estadual com medalhas e atividades temáticas". Alepe - Assembleia Legislativa do Estado de Pernambuco. October 8, 2019. Retrieved January 23, 2023.
  35. 1 2 3 "Homenagem aos constituintes de 1989". Alepe - Assembleia Legislativa do Estado de Pernambuco (in Portuguese). November 20, 2014. Archived from the original on February 26, 2019. Retrieved February 25, 2019.
  36. ↑ Silva, Daniel Neves. "Governador". Mundo Educação - UOL (in Portuguese). Retrieved March 15, 2019.
  37. ↑ Oliveira, Noelle; Rodrigues, Léo (June 9, 2013). "Como funciona a regra da reeleição?". EBC (in Portuguese). Retrieved March 15, 2019.
  38. 1 2 Gaspar, Lúcia (May 11, 2004). "Palácio do Governo de Pernambuco". Fundação Joaquim Nabuco (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 21, 2019.
  39. ↑ "Vice-Governador". Guia do Eleitor (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on March 6, 2001. Retrieved January 21, 2019.
  40. ↑ Pozzebom, Elina Rodrigues (September 15, 2014). "O que faz o vice-governador". Senado Federal (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 21, 2019.
  41. ↑ "Assessoria Especial". Governo de Pernambuco (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 26, 2019.
  42. ↑ "Casa Militar". Governo de Pernambuco (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 26, 2019.
  43. ↑ "Gabinete de Projetos Estratégicos". Governo de Pernambuco (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 26, 2019.
  44. ↑ "Gabinete do Governador". Governo de Pernambuco (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 26, 2019.
  45. ↑ "Procuradoria Geral do Estado". Governo de Pernambuco (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 26, 2019.
  46. ↑ "Secretaria da Casa Civil". Governo de Pernambuco (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 26, 2019.
  47. ↑ "Secretaria da Controladoria Geral do Estado". Governo de Pernambuco (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 26, 2019.
  48. ↑ "Secretaria da Fazenda". Governo de Pernambuco (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 26, 2019.
  49. ↑ "Secretaria da Mulher". Governo de Pernambuco (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 26, 2019.
  50. ↑ "Secretaria de Administração". Governo de Pernambuco (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 26, 2019.
  51. ↑ "Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação". Governo de Pernambuco (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 26, 2019.
  52. ↑ "Secretaria de Cultura". Governo de Pernambuco (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 26, 2019.
  53. ↑ "Secretaria de Defesa Social". Governo de Pernambuco (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 26, 2019.
  54. ↑ "Secretaria de Desenvolvimento Agrário". Governo de Pernambuco (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 26, 2019.
  55. ↑ "Secretaria de Desenvolvimento Econômico". Governo de Pernambuco (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 26, 2019.
  56. ↑ "Secretaria de Desenvolvimento Social, Criança e Juventude". Governo de Pernambuco (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 26, 2019.
  57. 1 2 3 Araújo, Mirella (January 17, 2023). "Sob críticas de deputados, reforma administrativa da Raquel Lyra é aprovada na Alepe". NE10 (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 23, 2023.
  58. ↑ "Secretaria de Desenvolvimento Urbano e Habitação". Governo de Pernambuco (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 26, 2019.
  59. ↑ "Secretaria de Educação e Esportes". Governo de Pernambuco (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 26, 2019.
  60. ↑ "Secretaria de Imprensa". Governo de Pernambuco (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 26, 2019.
  61. ↑ "Secretaria de Infraestrutura e Recursos Hidricos". Governo de Pernambuco (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 26, 2019.
  62. ↑ "Secretaria de Justiça e Direitos Humanos". Governo de Pernambuco (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 26, 2019.
  63. ↑ "Secretaria de Meio Ambiente e Sustentabilidade". Governo de Pernambuco (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 26, 2019.
  64. ↑ "Secretaria de Planejamento e Gestão". Governo de Pernambuco (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 26, 2019.
  65. ↑ "Secretaria de Saúde". Governo de Pernambuco (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 26, 2019.
  66. ↑ "Secretaria de Turismo e Lazer". Governo de Pernambuco (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 26, 2019.
  67. ↑ "Secretaria do Trabalho, Emprego e Qualificação". Governo de Pernambuco (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 26, 2019.
  68. ↑ "Pernambuco mantém o número de deputados na Câmara e na Alepe". NE10 (in Portuguese). November 14, 2014. Retrieved January 21, 2019.
  69. ↑ Souza, Isabela (January 11, 2017). "O que faz um deputado estadual?". Politize! (in Portuguese). Retrieved February 17, 2019.
  70. ↑ "Estrutura Legislativa". Alepe - Assembleia Legislativa do Estado de Pernambuco (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 22, 2019.
  71. ↑ Blume, Bruno André (August 6, 2015). "Processo Legislativo: as comissões parlamentares". Politize! (in Portuguese). Retrieved February 26, 2019.
  72. ↑ Alves, Pedro (August 1, 2018). "Deputado Eriberto Medeiros, do PP, é eleito presidente da Alepe". G1 (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 22, 2019.
  73. ↑ "Eriberto Medeiros é reeleito para a Presidência da Alepe". NE10 (in Portuguese). February 1, 2019. Retrieved February 2, 2019.
  74. ↑ "Museu Palácio Joaquim Nabuco". Museu Brasil (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on January 22, 2019. Retrieved January 22, 2019.
  75. ↑ Gaspar, Lúcia. "Assembléia Legislativa de Pernambuco". Fundação Joaquim Nabuco (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 21, 2019.
  76. ↑ "Palácio Joaquim Nabuco se despede das atividades parlamentares para se tornar museu". G1 (in Portuguese). July 31, 2017. Retrieved January 21, 2019.
  77. 1 2 Novelino, Ricardo (May 4, 2018). "Palácio centenário no Recife abriga acervo e conta a história do Poder Legislativo". G1. Retrieved January 21, 2019.
  78. ↑ "Palácio Joaquim Nabuco fecha suas portas para se tornar museu". Arquitetura e Urbanismo para Todos. Archived from the original on February 9, 2019. Retrieved January 21, 2019.
  79. ↑ "Nova sede da Alepe entrará em funcionamento a partir de agosto". Alepe - Assembleia Legislativa de Pernambuco (in Portuguese). June 29, 2017. Retrieved January 21, 2019.
  80. ↑ "Novo Plenário da Assembleia Legislativa homenageia Eduardo Campos". Alepe - Assembleia Legislativa de Pernambuco (in Portuguese). June 28, 2017. Retrieved January 21, 2019.
  81. 1 2 3 "Apresentação do Tribunal de Contas de Pernambuco". Tribunal de Contas de Pernambuco (in Portuguese). Retrieved February 27, 2019.
  82. 1 2 "Histórico". Tribunal de Contas de Pernambuco - TCE-PE (in Portuguese). Retrieved February 27, 2019.
  83. ↑ "Sessões de Julgamento". Tribunal de Contas de Pernambuco - TCE-PE (in Portuguese). Retrieved February 27, 2019.
  84. ↑ "Marcos Loreto é eleito presidente do TCE-PE". Folha PE (in Portuguese). November 29, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2019.
  85. ↑ "Composição do conselho". Tribunal de Contas de Pernambuco - TCE-PE (in Portuguese). Retrieved February 27, 2019.
  86. ↑ "Autonomia e Vinculação". Tribunal de Contas da União - TCU (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on February 23, 2016. Retrieved February 27, 2019.
  87. ↑ "FórunsEndereços de Fóruns". Tribunal da Justiça de Pernambuco - TJPE (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 22, 2019.
  88. ↑ "Composição". Tribunal da Justiça de Pernambuco - TJPE (in Portuguese). Retrieved February 8, 2019.
  89. ↑ "Desembargador Luiz Carlos de Barros Figueiredo assume presidência do Tribunal de Justiça de Pernambuco". G1 (in Portuguese). February 1, 2022. Retrieved January 23, 2023.
  90. 1 2 3 4 5 Barbosa, Virgínia. "Palácio da Justiça [Recife, PE]". Fundação Joaquim Nabuco (in Portuguese).
  91. ↑ "Conheça o MPPE". Ministério Publico de Pernambuco - MPPE (in Portuguese). Retrieved February 26, 2019.
  92. ↑ "Marcos Carvalho é empossado como procurador-geral de Justiça". Tribunal da Justiça de Pernambuco - TJPE (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 23, 2023.
  93. ↑ "Procuradoria Geral". Ministério Publico de Pernambuco - MPPE (in Portuguese). Retrieved February 26, 2019.
  94. ↑ "Resumo Histórico". Fernando de Noronha (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on January 7, 2019. Retrieved March 1, 2019.
  95. 1 2 Estevam, Tádzio (January 17, 2023). "Reforma Administrativa proposta por Raquel Lyra é aprovada pela Assembleia Legislativa". Diario de Pernambuco (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 23, 2023.
  96. ↑ "Diretorias". Fernando de Noronha (in Portuguese). Retrieved March 1, 2019.
  97. 1 2 3 Marinho, Ana Clara (August 11, 2016). "Moradores de Fernando de Noronha não participam das eleições 2016". G1 (in Portuguese). Retrieved March 1, 2019.
  98. ↑ "Fernando de Noronha foi o primeiro local a iniciar as votações". Folha PE (in Portuguese). October 28, 2018. Retrieved March 1, 2019.
  99. ↑ Schreiber, Mariana (September 25, 2018). "Como os milhões de eleitores que não cadastraram a biometria podem influenciar as eleições". Terra (in Portuguese). Retrieved March 1, 2019.
  100. ↑ Faermann, Patricia (September 26, 2018). "STF mantém títulos cancelados por falta de biometria e impede voto a 3,3 milhões". Jornal GGN (in Portuguese). Retrieved March 1, 2019.
  101. 1 2 "Em Pernambuco, quase 2 milhões de eleitores não vão poder votar". TV Jornal (in Portuguese). October 7, 2018. Archived from the original on January 22, 2023. Retrieved March 1, 2019.
  102. ↑ "Estatísticas do eleitorado – Consulta por região/UF/município". Tribunal Superior Eleitoral - TSE (in Portuguese). Retrieved March 1, 2019.
  103. ↑ Luiza, Falcão (September 25, 2020). "Cumaru, em Pernambuco, lidera lista de cidades com mais eleitores do que habitantes em todo o Brasil". G1 (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 24, 2023.
  104. 1 2 "Site Oficial". Portal da Transparência – Governo de Pernambuco (in Portuguese). Retrieved February 28, 2019.
  105. 1 2 "Escala Brasil Transparente". Controladoria Geral da União - CGU (in Portuguese). Retrieved February 28, 2019.
  106. 1 2 "EBT - 1ª edição". Controladoria Geral da União - CGU (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on March 1, 2019. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
  107. 1 2 3 "EBT - 2ª edição". Controladoria Geral da União - CGU (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on November 25, 2015. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
  108. 1 2 3 "EBT - 3ª edição". Controladoria Geral da União - CGU (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on March 1, 2019. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
  109. ↑ "Planilha com resultados do Ranking de 2018 da EBT para os estados (1ª divulgação)". Controladoria Geral da União - CGU (in Portuguese). Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  110. ↑ "Pernambuco é o Estado mais transparente do Brasil, segundo ranking da EBT". Folha PE (in Portuguese). December 12, 2018. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
  111. ↑ Melo, Jamildo (December 12, 2018). "Pernambuco aparece em 1º em ranking de transparência da CGU". NE10 (in Portuguese). Retrieved February 28, 2019.
  112. 1 2 3 4 "CGU informa notas revisadas da Escala Brasil Transparente – Avaliação 360°". Controladoria Geral da União - CGU (in Portuguese). February 28, 2019. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  113. 1 2 "Planilha com resultados do Ranking de 2018 da EBT para os municípios (1ª divulgação)". Controladoria Geral da União - CGU (in Portuguese). Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  114. 1 2 "ITMPE". Tribunal de Contas do Estado de Pernambuco - TCE-PE (in Portuguese). Retrieved February 28, 2019.
  115. 1 2 "ITMPE 2018 - Prefeituras". Tribunal de Contas do Estado de Pernambuco - TCE-PE. Retrieved April 23, 2019.
  116. 1 2 3 "ITMPE - 2016". Tribunal de Contas do Estado de Pernambuco - TCE-PE (in Portuguese). Retrieved April 20, 2020.
  117. ↑ "ITMPE 2017 - Prefeituras". Tribunal de Contas do Estado de Pernambuco - TCE-PE (in Portuguese). Retrieved February 28, 2019.
  118. ↑ "ITMPE 2018 Prefeitura - Jaboatão dos Guararapes". Tribunal de Contas do Estado de Pernambuco - TCE-PE (in Portuguese). Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  119. ↑ "ITMPE 2018 Prefeitura - Recife". Tribunal de Contas do Estado de Pernambuco - TCE-PE (in Portuguese). Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  120. ↑ "ITMPE 2017 - Câmaras". Tribunal de Contas do Estado de Pernambuco - TCE-PE (in Portuguese). Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  121. ↑ "ITMPE 2018 - Câmaras". Tribunal de Contas do Estado de Pernambuco - TCE-PE (in Portuguese). Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  122. ↑ "ITMPE 2018 Câmara - Lagoa do Ouro". Tribunal de Contas do Estado de Pernambuco - TCE-PE (in Portuguese). Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  123. ↑ "ITMPE 2018 Câmara - Recife". Tribunal de Contas do Estado de Pernambuco - TCE-PE (in Portuguese). Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  124. ↑ "Desde 2000, 623 políticos foram cassados. DEM lidera ranking, diz pesquisa". Extra Online (in Portuguese). December 15, 2010. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
  125. ↑ "Dossiê "Políticos cassados por corrupção eleitoral"" (PDF). Procuradoria da República no Pará - MPF (in Portuguese). October 4, 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 5, 2011. Retrieved February 27, 2019.
  126. 1 2 3 4 5 "Símbolos de Pernambuco". Governo de Pernambuco (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on February 29, 2012. Retrieved January 22, 2019.
  127. ↑ "Brasão é símbolo da identidade cultural e política de Pernambuco". Voz do Planalto (in Portuguese). September 23, 2014. Retrieved January 22, 2019.
  128. ↑ Vainsencher, Semira Adler. "Farol do Recife". Fundação Joaquim Nabuco (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on July 4, 2007. Retrieved January 22, 2019.
  129. ↑ Presidente da Assembléia vê novo brasão do Estado (in Portuguese). Recife: Diário de Pernambuco. 1997.
  130. ↑ "Brasão de pernambuco". Jobson Figueiredo (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 22, 2019.
  131. ↑ A História Redescoberta (in Portuguese). Recife: Diário de Pernambuco. 1997.
  132. ↑ "Hino de Pernambuco exalta passado de batalhas". Alepe - Assembleia Legislativa do Estado de Pernambuco (in Portuguese). September 30, 2014. Retrieved January 22, 2019.
  133. ↑ "Versões moderninhas do Hino de Pernambuco detonam polêmica". UOL Notícias (in Portuguese). February 1, 2002. Retrieved January 22, 2019.

Bibliography

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.