Salmo

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Salmo
Temporal range: Middle Miocene to present [1] [2]
Salmo salar flipped.jpg
Atlantic salmon
Brown trout FWS white background.jpg
Brown trout
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Salmoniformes
Family: Salmonidae
Subfamily: Salmoninae
Genus: Salmo
Linnaeus, 1758
Type species
Salmo salar
Linnaeus, 1758
Synonyms [3]
  • Acantholingua Hadzisce, 1960
  • FarioValenciennes, 1848
  • SalarValenciennes, 1848
  • Salmono
  • Salmothymus Berg, 1908
  • TruttaGarsault, 1764

Salmo is a genus of ray-finned fish from the subfamily Salmoninae of family Salmonidae, and is part of the tribe Salmonini along with the sister genera Salvelinus and Salvethymus . Almost all Salmo species are native only in the Old World (including most of Europe, coastal North Africa and part of West Asia around the Black Sea), the only exception being the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), which is also naturally found across the North Atlantic in eastern North America.

The number of distinct species and subspecies in Salmo is a debated issue. The Atlantic salmon and brown trout (Salmo trutta) are widespread species and have been introduced worldwide as farmed food fish or recreational game fish, while most of the other Salmo species are narrowly distributed forms endemic to single watersheds.

The name Salmo derives from the Latin salmō, meaning salmon. The vast majority of the Salmo species are actually trout, except the Atlantic salmon, which along with six Pacific species from the genus Oncorhynchus (also from the subfamily Salmoninae, but of a different tribe) constitute the only seven officially recognized species of salmon.

Only two fossil species are known: † Salmo immigratus Gorjanovic-Kramberger, 1891 from the Miocene of Croatia, and † Salmo derzhavini Vladimirov, 1946 from the late Pliocene of Armenia. S. immigratus was initially dated to the Late Miocene, though more recent analyses suggest that it may date to the Middle Miocene, or the regional Sarmatian stage. S. immigratus appears to be a basal member of the genus, while S. derzhavini represents the earliest known occurrence of the brown trout species complex. [2] [4]

Species

The species currently listed in this genus are: [5]

References

  1. ↑ Sepkoski, J. (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 364: 560. Archived from the original on 2011-07-23. Retrieved 2008-01-08.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "A new perspective on the molecular dating of the brown trout complex with an extended phylogeographic information on the species in Serbia". Contributions to Zoology. 92 (4): 362–389. 2023-01-01. doi:10.1163/18759866-bja10046. ISSN   1383-4517.
  3. ↑ Bailly, Nicolas (2014). "Salmo Linnaeus, 1758". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species.
  4. ↑ Kovalchuk, о. м. (2015-10-01). "The First Appearance of Hucho (Salmonidae) in the Fossil Record of Eastern Europe". Vestnik Zoologii. 49 (5): 413–420. doi:10.1515/vzoo-2015-0047. ISSN   2073-2333.
  5. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Salmo". FishBase . September 2024 version.
  6. 1 2 Turan D; Aksu İ; Oral M; Kaya C; Bayçelebi E (2021). "Contribution to the trout of Euphrates River, with description of a new species, and range extension of Salmo munzuricus (Salmoniformes, Salmonidae)". Zoosystematics and Evolution. 97 (2): 471–482. doi: 10.3897/zse.97.72181 .
  7. 1 2 Turan, D.; Doğan, E.; Kaya, C. & Kanyılmaz, M. (2014). "Salmo kottelati, a new species of trout from Alakır Stream, draining to the Mediterranean in southern Anatolia, Turkey (Teleostei, Salmonidae)". ZooKeys (462): 135–151. Bibcode:2014ZooK..462..135T. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.462.8177 . PMC   4284436 . PMID   25589858.
  8. 1 2 3 Turan, D.; Kottelat, M.; Engin, S. (2012). "The trouts of the Mediterranean drainages of southern Anatolia, Turkey, with description of three new species (Teleostei: Salmonidae)". Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters. 23 (3): 219–236.
  9. 1 2 Turan, D.; Kottelat, M.; Engin, S. (2010). "Two new species of trouts, resident and migratory, sympatric in streams of northern Anatolia (Salmoniformes: Salmonidae)". Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters. 20 (4): 333–364.
  10. 1 2 Turan, D.; Kottelat, M.; Engin, S. (2014). "Two new species of trouts from the Euphrates drainage, Turkey (Teleostei: Salmonidae)". Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters. 24 (3): 275–288.
  11. 1 2 3 Doadrio, I.; Perea, S.; Yahyaoui, A. (2015). "Two new species of atlantic trout (Actinopterygii, Salmonidae) from Morocco". Graellsia. 71 (2): e031. doi:10.3989/graellsia.2015.v71.142. hdl: 10261/126446 .
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