The Harvey Entertainment Company (formerly known as Harvey Films and Harvey Entertainment, or simply Harvey, and later named Sunland Entertainment Co.) was the production arm of comic book publisherHarvey Comics. It was founded in 1957.[1][2]
A majority of the company's assets were purchased by Classic Media (which became DreamWorks Classics, currently owned by Comcast's owned NBCUniversal via DreamWorks Animation) in 2003 under the in-name subsidiary Harvey Entertainment, Inc., while some remains of the business including the live-action film division were folded within Echo Bridge Entertainment. Today, Harvey Entertainment exists as branding recognition from DreamWorks Classics.
History
Early history
In the early 1960s, the company created Harvey Funnies, the original entertainment company to produce The New Casper Cartoon Show.[3]
Harvey Films v. Columbia Pictures
On October 28, 1986, Harvey Films filed a lawsuit against Columbia Pictures claiming that the ghost in the logo of the film Ghostbusters was similar to that of the Ghostly Trio from Casper, specifically Fatso. Columbia argued that Fatso was only a portion of Harvey's, at the time, renewed trademark, and there were three ghosts instead of just one. The court argued that the logos are largely dissimilar and that The Ghostly Trio had only the words of the trademark and the three ghosts while the logo for Ghostbusters has a sign for prohibition with only the torso and head of only one ghost. The expressions are different, with their ghosts having mischievous or evil facial expressions, while the other one is bewildered. The court said:
Accordingly, the Court concludes that the claimed likelihood of confusion has no material basis in fact. The sole evidence which Harvey has produced on this issue are excerpts from magazine articles which suggest a general association between the "Ghostbusters" logo and "Casper" comics. It is clear from reading these articles that there was no confusion whatsoever on the part of the authors. A finding of general association, that the "Ghostbusters" logo is reminiscent of "Casper" characters, does not mean that the prospective moviegoer in purchasing a ticket for "Ghostbusters" thinks that he is going to see a "Casper" cartoon. Neither does it mean that he will think that "Ghostbusters" is derived from "Casper" cartoons or that it is sponsored by the same source as "Casper".
The court dismissed the case for not violating their trademark.[2]
Purchase by Jeffrey A. Montgomery
In 1989, Jeffrey A. Montgomery purchased Harvey from the Harvey family for $7.5 million.[4] With this, the company became a subsidiary of Montgomery's HMH Communication, based in Santa Monica, California, and was renamed Harvey Comics Entertainment.[5][6][7]Universal Pictures secured a 10% stake in Harvey in exchange for producing films based on Casper and select other Harvey properties.[8]
During this period, Montgomery began to re-syndicate the existing animated library as well as reprint older comic book titles. Through Claster Television, Casper & Friends was syndicated to local TV stations for three years between 1990-1994, while the "Harvey Classics" comic books began being published around the same time.[9] In 1991, the company licensed out Richie Rich and Casper to Warner Bros. and Universal Pictures respectively to create films based on the characters.[10]
In 1993, Harvey launched two additional comic book imprints to publish titles outside of its existing library - Nemesis Comics and Ultracomics, the latter was made to publish Ultraman comics.[11] In the same year, the company went public under the NASDAQ Small Cap Exchange and was renamed The Harvey Entertainment Company.[12] As such, the first film under its venture was the live-action adaptation of Richie Rich in 1994, produced by Joel Silver and John Davis and starring Macaulay Culkin, and the second was the live action/animated film adaptation of Casper, a co-production with Amblin Entertainment, directed by Brad Silberling and starring Christina Ricci and Bill Pullman. Only Richie Rich was met with negative reviews with critics and was a moderate success at the box office earning $76 million worldwide against a $40 budget, but Casper fared better with both critics and audiences and was more of a box office success earning $290 million worldwide against a $55 million budget, and both films would become cult classics.
In March 1994, the company saw increased losses, with its revenue falling 26%.[13] In May, Marvel Comics took over publishing and distribution for Harvey's comic book titles.[14] In September, the first Harvey television series produced exclusively for television, The Baby Huey Show, aired on syndicated television stations for two seasons. The series featured brand new made-for-TV Baby Huey cartoons, as well as an assortment of existing Harvey cartoons, effectively replacing the previous syndication package.
On May 29, 1996, Harvey commissioned Saban Entertainment to produce new direct-to-video material based on Casper and Richie Rich, with 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment secured as the distributor. This deal was placed outside of the theatrical deal with Universal, of which they would produce a sequel to the 1995 Casper film and retain all other theatrical rights to the character.[16] In September, a second newly produced series, Richie Rich was syndicated for a single series of thirteen episodes.
In February 1997, Harvey re-acquired full merchandising and licensing rights to their properties including Casper and Richie Rich from Universal Pictures, although they would continue to work with the company on new animated projects.[17] The company reported a net loss of $386,000 in March, which Harvey blamed on the repurchase.[18][19] Following the release of Casper: A Spirited Beginning in September 1997, the company would expand their deal with Saban Entertainment to include a Casper followup - Casper Meets Wendy for a fall 1998 release, with 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment remaining on board as distributor.[20] A Richie Rich sequel - Richie Rich's Christmas Wish was also released under Saban's deal during Christmas 1998.
In February 1998, Harvey pre-sold a package of HarveyToons cartoons, entitled The HarveyToons Show, to the then-upcoming Fox Family Channel.[21] Jeffrey A. Montgomery and Greg Yulish were ousted from the company in March.[22] On July 27, Harvey announced that through a business plan with the Global Media Management Group, the company would produce a slate of twelve direct-to-video feature films and three television shows.[23]
Restructuring
In April 1999, the company changed hands after a group of investors purchased it for $17.7 million.[24] The company saw continued losses, including a $250,000 loss for Baby Huey's Great Easter Adventure.[25] In September 1999, Harvey announced that they would purchase the film distributor PM Entertainment from its founders Joseph Merhi and Richard Pepin for $6.5 million and a further $1.45 million in stock.[26][27] In October, the company entered into a partnership with Spümcø, the company behind Ren & Stimpy, to produce web-exclusive content featuring an assortment of Harvey characters.[28] In November, the company signed a theme park deal with Landmark Entertainment Group to construct and design a theme park featuring the Harvey characters.[29] The company attended its first MIPCOM in November 1999 after entering the self-distribution market, announcing the work of a new CGI-animated Casper Christmas movie with Mainframe Entertainment and a live-action Baby Huey series aimed towards a pre-school audience. Harvey Home Entertainment also released several HarveyToons VHS releases with Universal Studios Home Video.[30] The Casper project with Mainframe was officially announced in December.[31]
Harvey's purchase of PM Entertainment was closed in January 2000, with PM becoming a fully owned subsidiary of Harvey.[32] In February, the company launched a new subsidiary, Harvey Fashion LLC, as a joint-venture with PG Capital. Harvey Fashion would manufacture, sell and market apparel collections based on the classic Harvey characters.[33] In March, the company teamed up with Studio B Productions to produce a new television series featuring Wendy the Good Little Witch, entitled Wendy the Witch, for an early-2001 delivery.[34] The company engaged in third-party distribution in April 2000 by becoming the international sales representative and distributor of the animation studio Film Roman, the animation studio best known for The Simpsons and King of the Hill, and also had previously collaborated with Harvey with both 1996 Richie Rich series and season two of The Baby Huey Show.[35] In May, the company acquired television rights to the website Walter Miller's Home Page, allowing Harvey to branch off to primetime television.[36] Universal acquired North American distribution rights to Casper's Haunted Christmas in June.[37] In the same month, Harvey entered into a worldwide licensing agreement with Hearst Entertainment, with the latter handling merchandising and licensing to bring the Harvey Classics over to a new generation.[38] At the beginning of August, the company secured a deal with website ThinkBox to add its characters to ThinkBox's kids portal, with Harvey also receiving an equity position in ThinkBox.[39] On August 17, the company purchased North American distribution rights to the movie A Monkey's Tale from Pearson Television International.[40]
Sale to Classic Media and DreamWorks Animation (and later years)
In August, it was announced that Lionsgate Entertainment was an interested partner in taking over Harvey Entertainment with eight other companies also interested.[41] At the end of the month, the newly formed Classic Media announced that they would purchase a 60% stake in Harvey Entertainment for a cash-and-stock deal valued at $30 million.[42] The deal fell through at the beginning of November.[43] At this point, Harvey Entertainment was on the verge of liquidation.[44] Harvey sold international sales rights to the PM Entertainment library to CineTel Films in February 2001.[45]
Following the failed purchase, on March 8, 2001, The Harvey Entertainment Company announced that Classic Media would purchase all its media library for $17 million. The deal would include Harvey's entire library of classic characters, film library, print materials, the "Harvey" brand and logo, among others. The Harvey Entertainment Company (including PM Entertainment) itself would not be included in the sale and would be renamed.[46][47] The deal was verified by the two businesses in May[48][49] and the deal was closed on June 26. The following day, The Harvey Entertainment Company was renamed Sunland Entertainment Co., putting a focus exclusively on the PM Entertainment catalogue.[50][51] Following the sale of the Harvey characters, Classic Media formed an in-name subsidiary entitled Harvey Entertainment, Inc. to hold all copyrights to the Harvey catalog.
In 2003, Roger Burlage sold the remains of Sunland Entertainment and PM Entertainment, alongside its library, to a group of investors who also purchased out the assets of CineTel Films. With this, Echo Bridge Entertainment was formed.[52] In 2006, Casper's Scare School would air on Cartoon Network as the first ever venture from Classic Media. Genius would release a compilation of Harveytoons shorts on November that same year. Beginning in 2007, Genius would strike a deal with Harvey's parent company Echo Bridge, including Classic Media, to distribute their output on DVD as part of their long-term deal. As such, more compilations of Harveytoons shorts would be released on DVD during between 2007-2008.[53] A TV series that serves as a sequel to its TV movie would air on Cartoon Network from 2009-2012. In addition, a comic series that was to celebrate 60 years of Casper would be issued by Arden Entertainment from 2009-2010.[54] In 2009, Classic Media's home media distributors Genius Products and Echo Bridge were sold to Vivendi Entertainment, as the former company went into Chapter 11 bankruptcy due to being victims of the worldwide recession.[55]
In 2012, DreamWorks Animation would purchase Classic Media (including the Harvey library), and its parent company would be renamed as DreamWorks Classics.[56][57] It would become an official subsidiary of NBCUniversal in 2016.[58] As such, the majority of Harvey Entertainment's library are currently owned by NBCUniversal, a division of Comcast.
Several attempts were made to revive the Harvey brand, especially for film and TV. In 2013, DreamWorks Animation announced that they were rebooting Casper as a computer-animated reboot film,[59] with Simon Wells, who at one point was previously attached to write and direct the unproduced sequel to the 1995 live-action film,[60] to return to write and direct this supposed reboot, with John Altschuler and Dave Krinsky (King of the Hill, Blades of Glory) to co-write the film's script.[61] The next year on April 2014, DreamWorks Animation was developing a live-action animated film based on another Harvey Comics character, Hot Stuff the Little Devil, with Lizzie and Wendy Molyneux (Bob's Burgers) set to write the film's script,[62] Both of which were set to be DreamWorks' next attempts at theatrical films based on characters from the Classic Media libraries following Mr. Peabody & Sherman and were set to kick off a cinematic universe, but nothing came of it after both were announced. Concept art for an unproduced CGI Casper film was posted on ArtStation by animator Danny Williams in December 2023, stating that the pitch "never went anywhere".[63]
Cancelled projects Harvey once planned to create theatrical, direct-to-video, and television films based on a selection of characters, but these films never materialized:[65]
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